ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To reveal pathological lung changes in baclofen poisoning and to assess their dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment included 20 mature (at age 20 weeks) male rats of Wistar line weighing 290-350 gr. The animals were divided into 3 study groups (5 rats in each) depending on experiment's duration after 85 mg/kg baclofen administration: 3, 4.5 and 24 h in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. Control group consisted of 5 animals without baclofen administration. RESULTS: A number of pathological reactions, including circulatory disorder (venular and capillary congestion, hemorrhage in interalveolar septa, alveoli, sludge) and the appearance of emphysema loci (interalveolar septa at emphysema loci are thinned), alternating with atelectases and dystelectases. The area taken up by vessels after 4.5 h. baclofen administration was statistically significantly higher than in control group, and after 24 h. - statistically significantly higher than in 4.5 h. The area with white blood cells and WBC/IAP ratio after 4.5 h of baclofen administration were statistically significantly higher than in control group after 3 and 24 h of administration. The number of white blood cells, giving PAS positive reaction, increases during baclofen administration. The complex of pathological lung changes, revealed by ourselves, has a certain dynamics. CONCLUSION: The data on morphological lung changes combined with results of chemical examination can be used to diagnose baclofen poisoning and to determine the time elapsed since this medicine administration.
Subject(s)
Baclofen , Emphysema , Rats , Male , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Lung/pathology , Emphysema/pathologyABSTRACT
The effect of the toxic dose of the muscle relaxant baclofen on the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was studied in adult male Wistar rats (n=20). Systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and respiratory rate were measured; histological changes in the lungs 3, 4.5, and 24 h after drug administration. Baclofen was administered orally in a sublethal toxic dose of 85 mg/kg under anesthesia. Cardiac activity was analyzed using RSM physiological indicators monitoring system with MouseMonitor S (Indus Instruments) software. Histological examination was performed by light microscopy. Baclofen significantly decreased the respiratory rate and increased HR and BP. Histological examination of the lungs revealed a complex of general pathological processes, such as local circulatory disorders (venular and capillary fullness, sludge), leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa and their thickening due to edema. These findings can be used to estimate the time elapsed after baclofen treatment.
Subject(s)
Baclofen , Cardiovascular System , Rats , Animals , Male , Baclofen/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Blood Pressure , LungABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: - This study intends to address the scarcity of data regarding the pathogenesis of Baclofen poisoning in humans, which has seen a recent increase, worldwide, especially amongst the young people. Another reason for the conduction of this study was lack of the substantial data about the histo-pathological findings of lungs, in synergistic toxicity of Baclofen with Ethanol, in-spite of it being very common in humans, and both being respiratory depressant with similar mechanism of action. PURPOSE: - The authors aimed to understand the pathogenesis of fatal poisonings in humans due to Baclofen in combination with Ethanol via an animal research model. The enhancement of the overall scientific literature by extending research along the lines of the handful studies available in this regard was another adjunct goal of the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into control and test group of five and ten subjects respectively. The test group was further divided into two sub-groups of five each, with Baclofen administered to one, and it in conjunction with Ethanol to the other, in lowest dosages adjusted for the humans. Rats in both the groups were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae for the histopathology examination. RESULTS: Capillary and venous plethora, hemorrhages in the inter-alveolar septi, hemorrhages into the alveoli and sludging was seen in the 1st sub-group. The plethora of venules, capillaries and arterioles, with sludging by the WBC (white blood corpuscle) infiltrates was seen in the 2nd sub-group. Desquamation of the ciliated epithelium and edematous thickening of the intra-alveolar septi, along with features suggestive of the peri-vascular edema was seen in the 2nd sub-group. The morphometric analysis of the micro vessels showed a significantly higher value of the arteriolar diameter in the 2nd sub-group, in comparison to 1st, but the venular diameter in the two sub-groups did not differ to any extent.
Subject(s)
Baclofen , Ethanol , Adolescent , Animals , Baclofen/pharmacology , Humans , Pulmonary Alveoli , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Psychologic study of maternal attitude in 62 mothers of infantile cerebral paralysis patients has revealed that mother's cognitive and emotional spheres were changing as a child grew older. Maternal attitude of women having little children was acceptance because the notions of the defect and the disease sequelae were incomplete and emotional experience had a defensive nature. With the notions of the deficit and disease aftereffects being objective at pre-school age of a child, the maternal attitude shifted to unacceptance. Spontaneous maternal attitude, be it acceptance of a protective nature or rejection, promotes inadequate personality development and requires psychological correction. The forming of an optimal parental position should involve increased competence, corrected parental expectations and demands.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Cerebral Palsy/psychology , Mother-Child Relations , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
An experimental psychological investigation into the peculiarities of the personality of 60 senior schoolchildren and adolescents suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis was carried out. On the basis of the results obtained it was shown that with the intellect preserved and as a result of experiencing their psychic inadequacy the patients developed a compensatory personality mechanism. The manifestations of this mechanism in the patients' self-consciousness were an exaggeration of the self-estimation in emotionally unfavourable situations of comparing themselves with the surrounding people, as well as unreal imaginations of the future existing concurrently with objective self-estimation and adequate plans for the future. The discovered compensatory mechanism may serve as an explanation of the development of pseudo-autistic traits in patients suffering from physical defects.