Synergistic Potential of Nanomedicine in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Breakthroughs and Prospects.

Given the global prevalence of prostate cancer in men, it is crucial to explore more effective treatment strategies. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment due to its unique mechanism of action and potential long-term effectiveness. However, its limited efficacy in prostate cancer has prompted renewed interest in developing strategies to improve immunotherapy outcomes. Nanomedicine offers a novel perspective on cancer treatment with its unique size effects and surface properties. By employing targeted delivery, controlled release, and enhanced immunogenicity, nanoparticles can be synergized with nanomedicine platforms to amplify the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating prostate cancer. Simultaneously, nanotechnology can address the limitations of immunotherapy and the challenges of immune escape and tumor microenvironment regulation. Additionally, the synergistic effects of combining nanomedicine with other therapies offer promising clinical outcomes. Innovative applications of nanomedicine include smart nanocarriers, stimulus-responsive systems, and precision medicine approaches to overcome translational obstacles in prostate cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights the transformative potential of nanomedicine in enhancing prostate cancer immunotherapy and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to drive research and clinical applications forward.

Delivery of miRNAs Using Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the predominant primary malignant bone tumor that poses a significant global health challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression are associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Nanoparticles, widely used for targeted drug delivery, facilitate miRNA-based osteosarcoma treatment. Numerous studies have focused on miRNA delivery using nanoparticles to inhibit the progress of osteosarcoma. Polymer-based, lipid-based, inorganic-based nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles were used to deliver miRNAs for the treatment of osteosarcoma. They can be modified to enhance drug loading and delivery capabilities. Also, miRNA delivery was combined with traditional therapies, for example chemotherapy, to treat osteosarcoma. Consequently, miRNA delivery offers promising therapeutic avenues for osteosarcoma, providing renewed hope for patients. This review emphasizes the studies utilizing nanoparticles for miRNA delivery in osteosarcoma treatment, then introduced and summarized the nanoparticles in detail. And it also discusses the prospects for clinical applications.