ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the immunohistochemical staining pattern of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and p53 in endometrial carcinoma cases, including different subtypes and stages, to gain insights into their role in the pathogenesis and clinical behaviour of this malignancy. METHODS: In this study, we investigate the association between MMR deficiency, p53 mutational status, and clinical outcomes in various subtypes of endometrial carcinoma. The immunohistochemical staining pattern of MMR proteins in 96 cases of endometrial carcinoma have been analyzed, including 72 endometrioid, 14 papillary serous, 5 clear cell, and 5 mixed Müllerian tumor. RESULTS: The results showed that 36 cases were MMR deficient, with the majority being of endometrioid subtype. The p53 immunostain showed a mutational pattern in a subset of cases, with a documented dismal prognosis. However, aforementioned stains failed to predict synchronous or metachronous cancers in 5 patients. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of MMR and p53 immunohistochemical staining in the classification, and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.
Subject(s)
DNA Mismatch Repair , Endometrial Neoplasms , Immunohistochemistry , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Humans , Female , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism , Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Middle Aged , Aged , Adult , Prognosis , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism , Mutation , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
Objectives Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide and it affects women of all ages. This study aimed to identify the common histopathological patterns of ovarian cancer among different age groups in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a retrospective study that reviewed all ovarian specimens diagnosed as "ovarian tumors" by the Pathology Department from January 2016 to December 2020 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. The frequencies of ovarian neoplasm subtypes and their frequencies in different age groups were calculated. Results Out of 565 ovarian specimens studied, 63.2% were ovarian neoplasms while 36.8% were non-neoplastic functional cysts. Benign neoplasms 64.4% were more common than borderline 6.2% and malignant ones 29.4% in all age groups, except above the age of 60. Collectively as a category, surface epithelial neoplasms were the most common (59.4%). However, germ cell tumor in the form of mature cystic teratoma was the most common benign neoplasm 33.9% and the most common malignant was serous cystadenocarcinoma (40%). Conclusion Documenting new trends of histopathological patterns of ovarian neoplasms helps to detect variation among different age groups and to understand probable predisposing factors. This study found that the percentage of ovarian malignancy has increased over the years in the western region of Saudi Arabia. This signifies the need to increase awareness in order to achieve timely diagnosis and management.
