A three-dimensional cell culture approach to investigate cytotoxic effects and production of inflammatory mediators by epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the cytocompatibility of epoxy resin-based AH Plus Jet (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany), Sealer Plus (MK Life, Porto Alegre, Brazil), calcium silicate-based Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Sealer Plus BC (MK Life) and AH Plus BC (Dentsply) through a tridimensional (3D) culture model of human osteoblast-like cells. METHODS: Spheroids of MG-63 cells were produced and exposed to fresh root canal sealers extracts by 24 h, and the cytotoxicity was assessed by the Lactate Dehydrogenase assay (LDH). The distribution of dead cells within the microtissue was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and morphological effects were investigated by histological analysis. The secreted inflammatory mediators were detected in cell supernatants through flow luminometry (XMap Luminex). RESULTS: Cells incubated with AH Plus Jet, AH Plus BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer extracts showed high rates of cell viability, while the Sealer Plus induced a significant reduction of cell viability, causing reduction on the spheroid structure. Sealer Plus and Seaker Plus BC caused alterations on 3D microtissue morphology. The AH Plus BC extract was associated with the downregulation of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-7, IP-10 and RANTES. CONCLUSIONS: The new AH Plus BC calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer did not reduce cell viability in vitro, while led to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Choosing the appropriate endodontic sealer is a crucial step. AH Plus BC demonstrated high cell viability and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, appearing reliable for clinical use, while Sealer Plus presented lower cytocompatibility.

Evaluation of compressive strength in the first premolars between young and elderly people: ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the compressive strength of first maxillary premolars from young and elderly people. BACKGROUND: Findings have revealed that changes happening on dental structure lead to a higher susceptibility of tooth fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty teeth were divided into four groups as follows: G I (n = 7) premolars of elderly patients with fused roots, G II (n = 8) premolars of elderly with separate roots, G III (n = 7) pre-molars of young people with fused roots and G IV (n = 8) premolars of young people with roots separated. The roots were placed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinder and embedded in acrylic resin. Afterward, the samples were subjected to fracture by compressive strength in a universal testing machine. Loads were applied in continuous and progressive speed of 0.5 mm/min until the moment of fracture. The values found underwent statistical analysis (ANOVA α = 0.05). RESULTS: With regard to age, there was a statistical difference, the teeth of the elderly being more susceptible to fracture (p < 0.05). With regard to root morphology, no significant differences between both groups were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that with the methodology employed, the age factor was important with regard to fracture resistance to compression.

Algumas alterações morfológicas que dificultam o tratamento endodôntico / The some morphology alterations that makes difficult on the endodontic treatment

Para a realização de um tratamento endodôntico com sucesso o exame radiográfico se torna fundamental pois permite a visualização da câmara pulpar e condutos radiculares pois esses podem se apresentar com alterações dificultando ou até mesmo impossibilitando a intervenção endodôntica. Dens in dente, taurodontia, dilaceração, geminação e fusão, raízes supranumerárias são as alterações mais frequentemente encontradas dificultando o acesso e/ou instrumentação da câmara pulpar e canais radiculares. Tendo em vista essas alterações é de fundamental importância o estudo adequado de cada caso e conhecimento das alterações para que não haja surpresa no tratamento de pacientes especiais.

Alterações morfológicas na cavidade pulpar que influenciam no tratamento endodôntico / Morfological in the pulpar chamber that can interfere in the endodontic treatment

As variações dentárias ocorrem devido a alguma falha durante as fases da odontogênese. De acordo com a fase em que aconteceu a alteração, o dente poderá apresentar variações de forma e de erupção. Essas alterações são mais comuns em incisivos laterais superiores, pré-molares inferiores e molares superiores. Como alterações morfológicas que interferem no tratamento endodôntico, citam-se: dens in dente, taurodontismo, dilaceração, fusão e geminação