ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analizar la gestión integral de residuos sólidos en la zona sur del área metropolitana del valle del Aburrá durante el año 2004. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en que se observaron las condiciones socioeconómicas, técnicas, ambientales e institucionales relacionadas con el manejo de los residuos sólidos municipales en sus diferentes etapas. Resultados: al examinar la información se evidenció que la prestación del servicio público de aseo se ha orientado principalmente hacia la recolección y transporte hasta el sitio de disposición final, restándole importancia a las demás fases previstas dentro de la gestión integral de residuos. Por medio de un diagnóstico se hallaron las deficiencias y necesidades que sirvieron de base para el estudio de las alternativas de solución y elaboración de estrategias, lo que facilitó la propuesta de programas y proyectos encaminados al mejoramiento de la administración de los residuos desde la generación hasta la disposición final. Conclusión: se pudo verificar la prioridad de implementar campañas permanentes de sensibilización y educación para el logro de un cambio de actitud de los actores que intervienen en el manejo de los residuos municipales; además, se proponen estrategias de solución, con el fin de que se apropien de la problemática local y de que participen en el mejoramiento continuo de dicha gestión.
Subject(s)
Total Quality Management , Solid Waste , ColombiaABSTRACT
Alberprosenia malheiroi n. sp. first became known through an informal publication of a paper submitted a Congress, in 1980. The same diagnosis with a photograph was published in 1987, but no formal description has yet been made. The present authors describe adults and immature instars, establish a sintypical series and introduce bionomic data and data on the rearing of this species in insectary. The most evident differences between A. malheiroi n. sp. and A. goyovargasi, the former generic species, are the general colour pattern which is completely black; the interocular area, wider than an eye in dorsal view; the acute apex in collar tubercules and the significantly larger size, almost double that of the latter specie. The eggs are small attach themselves to the substratum in groups of either 3 or 4, are elipsoid with no lateral flattening, having a convex and prominent operculum, without conspicuous structures. Nymphs have the typical tribal and generic characteristics in each stage, the anteocular region being shorter than the postocular one. Pilosity appears in the second instar and becomes more evident with instar development. A. malheiroi n. sp. was captured in a forest, in wild (palm-tree) ecotopes associated with bats or birds, in the State of Para, Brazil. Trypanosoma cruzi was not found in any specimens. These triatomines were reared in +/- 25 degrees C and +/- 60% RH, the insects are quick and fly without difficulty. They fed well on pigeons and bats but not on rats, mice or hamsters. The eggs incubation period was thirteen days on average, and the evolution time of the nymphal period was a hundred and thirty two days on average.
Subject(s)
Triatominae/physiology , Animals , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Triatominae/anatomy & histology , Triatominae/classificationABSTRACT
Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed in the study of the interaction between synthetic L-dopa (dihydroxyphenylalanine) melanin and the cationic porphyrins tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (TMPyP), tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)porphyrin (TBzPyP), zinc tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTMPyP) and zinc tetrakis (4-N-benzylpyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTBzPyP). Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of the porphyrins were dependent on the symmetry of the central ring. No evidence was found for dimerization of the porphyrins in phosphate buffer, pH 7, in the concentration range between 4 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-5) M. Addition of L-dopa melanin red shifted the optical absorption spectra of porphyrins, concomitant to broadening and reduction in intensity of the bands. L-Dopa melanin also strongly quenched the fluorescence of the porphyrins. Time resolution of the fluorescence decay of porphyrins showed at least two lifetimes that were only slightly modified in the presence of melanin. The interaction between melanin and porphyrin resulted in the formation of non-fluorescent ground state complexes. It was found that there are two different classes of binding sites in melanin for complexation with cationic porphyrins and the values of dissociation constants are of the order of 10(-8) M. These values and the number of binding sites are dependent on the nature of the porphyrins. It was shown that the binding has electrostatic origin, but it is also affected by metal coordination and hydrophobic interaction.