ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This work was designed to evaluate maximum platelet contractile force and thrombus area before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric patients having congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery using a microfluidic device. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was designed. SETTING: The work took place at an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty pediatric CHD patients ≤8 years of age with expected CPB time >30 minutes were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood was collected at baseline and post-CPB. Maximum platelet contractile force and thrombus area were evaluated in vitro using a microfluidic device (ATLAS PST). Post-CPB samples were supplemented with recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) to explore the impact on contractile force and thrombus area. At baseline, the maximum thrombus area was 0.06 (0.05, 0.07), and the maximum force was 123.3 nN (68.4, 299.5). Linear mixed-effects regression models showed that the maximum thrombus area was larger post-CPB and post-CPB + rVWF compared with pre-CPB (estimated coefficient [Est] = 0.04, p = 0.002; Est = 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). The maximum thrombus area was also larger post-CPB + rVWF compared with post-CPB (Est = 0.04, p = 0.001). Force was higher post-CPB + rVWF compared with pre-CPB (Est = 173.32, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric CHD patients, microfluidic testing demonstrated that platelet thrombus area increased slightly after CPB, while platelet contractile force did not change. In vitro addition of rVWF further increased thrombus area, suggesting augmentation of primary hemostasis. Microfluidic assessment of platelet contractile force and thrombus area in pediatric CHD patients appears feasible and can demonstrate changes after CPB. Further studies are needed to determine its accuracy, clinical utility, and normal values for pediatric patients.
ABSTRACT
Neonates who require surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently have difficulty with oral feeds post-operatively and may require a feeding tube at hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral or nasal intubation route on feeding method at hospital discharge. This was a non-blinded randomized control trial of 62 neonates who underwent surgery for CHD between 2018 and 2021. Infants in the nasal (25 patients) and oral (37 patients) groups were similar in terms of pre-operative risk factors for feeding difficulties including completed weeks of gestational age at birth (39 vs 38 weeks), birthweight (3530 vs 3100 g), pre-operative PO intake (92% vs 81%), and rate of pre-operative intubation (22% vs 28%). Surgical risk factors were also similar including Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery category (3.9 vs 4.1), shunt placement (32% vs 41%), cardiopulmonary bypass time (181 vs 177 min), and cross-clamp time (111 vs 105 min). 96% of nasally intubated patients took full oral feeds by discharge as compared with 78% of orally intubated infants (p = 0.05). Nasally intubated infants reach full oral feeds an average of 3 days earlier than their orally intubated peers. In this cohort of patients, nasally intubated infants reach oral feeds more quickly and are less likely to require supplemental tube feeding in comparison to orally intubated peers. Intubation route is a potential modifiable risk factor for oral aversion and appears safe in neonates. The study was approved by the University of Virginia Institutional Review Board for Health Sciences Research and was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05378685) on May 18, 2022.
