Influence of lycopene and astaxanthin in feed on metabolic parameters of laying hens, yolk color of eggs and their content of carotenoids and vitamin A when stored under refrigerated conditions.

Orientating investigations were carried out in order to test the influence of oil extracts of lycopene (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg feed) and astaxanthin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg feed) as feed additives on the metabolic parameters (glucose, creatinine, cholesterol) and enzyme activities (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate transaminase, AST) of laying hens. Eggs from these hens were stored at refrigerator temperatures of 4°C and 12°C for up to 30 days and analyzed for vitamin A, carotenoid and yolk color. 45 laying hens (Hy-Line W36 cross, 23 weeks of age) were divided in three groups of 15 birds each (control, lycopene fed group, astaxanthin fed group). Blood samples were taken from the hens and laid eggs were collected on days 31, 61, and 91 of the study. The eggs were stored for 30 days in refrigerators. Both lycopene and astaxanthin increased the content of glucose in serum (Р⟨0.05). The content of creatinine and cholesterol, and the activity of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase varied dose-dependently. With the exception of cholesterol, metabolite concentrations in the serum of laying hens fed different lycopene and astaxanthin doses did not exceed clinically accepted physiological levels. The carotenoid content and color of the egg yolks from laying hens fed astaxanthin was significantly higher (Р⟨0.05) compared to lycopene fed birds. Refrigerator storage of the eggs did not affect carotenoid content and egg yolk color compared to freshly laid eggs. Both feed additives showed a favorable effect on the metabolism of laying hens and the enrichment of egg yolks with carotenoids, astaxanthin significantly more (Р⟨0.05) than lycopene.

Regulation of hemodynamic parameters under conditions of systemic administration of angiotensin II and angiotensin IV to rats after carotid glomectomy.

Systemic administration of angiotensin II was followed by an increase in systolic BP and HR in rats with carotid glomectomy, the time of attaining maximum values in treated animals was much higher than in sham-operated controls. Injection of angiotensin IV slightly reduced systolic BP in sham-operated animals and increased it in rats with carotid glomectomy. The involvement of the local renin-angiotensin system of the carotid body in systemic mechanisms of hemodynamics regulation is discussed.

Reduction of alcohol dependence in rats after carotid glomectomy.

Carotid glomectomy significantly reduced the degree of alcohol addiction in rats, which was induced over 12 weeks. After glomectomy, the mean weekly volume of alcohol consumed by alcoholic animals over 4 weeks was lower compared to the preoperation level, while water consumption significantly increased by the 3rd and 4th weeks after surgery. Control sham operation had no effect on ethanol and water consumption in alcoholic rats. Possible involvement of the local renin-angiotensin system in chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body into systemic mechanisms of alcohol dependence is discussed.

Comparative analysis of dipsogenic effects of systemic and intracerebral injection of angiotensin II to rats after carotid glomectomy.

Systemic administration of angiotensin II after carotid glomectomy produced a less pronounced dipsogenic effects (consumption of water and NaCl solution) compared to sham-operated control animals. Injection of angiotensin II into the lateral cerebral ventricles of the same glomectomized rats increased water and NaCl consumption to a level surpassing that of sham-operated animals. The number of drinking acts and comfortable grooming acts decreased in glomectomized animals after systemic administration of angiotensin II, but increased after its intracerebral injection compared to the control. The results confirm the hypothesis that carotid chemoreceptors, as the peripheral component of the renin-angiotensin system, participate in the mechanisms of angiotensin-induced thirst, "salt appetite", and associated behavioral forms (comfortable grooming) synergically with the central cerebral receptors.

Water and salt consumption and suppression of Angiotensin-induced thirst in rats after carotid glomectomy.

Carotid glomectomy in rats reduced daily water consumption and increased daily consumption of NaCl solution. Sham operation did not modify water and salt consumption. Intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin-II did not stimulate drinking motivation in the majority of rats subjected to carotid glomectomy. Injection of angiotensin-II to sham-operated and intact animals induced active consumption of both fluids during one hour. These results attest to the involvement of the carotid body in the regulation of consumption of water and sodium ions (the main elements of osmotic blood pressure) and the involvement of angiotensin-sensitive receptors of carotid body cells in the formation of thirst and salt appetite motivation, regulated by the renin-angiotensin system.

[Role of carotid chemoreceptors in formation of adaptive reactions in animals]. / Rol' karotidnykh khemoretseptorov v formirovanii adaptivnykh reaktsii zhivotnykh.

After surgical denervation of sinocarotid reflexogenic zones and bilateral glomectomy in white laboratory rats oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, rate of cardial contractions and thermoregulatory activity of skeletal muscles display authentic increase. Glomectomy results in decreasing calorigecic effect of noradrenaline. Compensatory increase of thermoregulatory activity of sceletal muscles in response to beta-adrenogenic blocade with inderal in post-glomectomic animals is authentically less, than before inactivation of carotid receptors. In animals after carotid glomectomy resistance to acute hypoxia is clearly reduced. True reduction of number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin concentration, of hematocrite parameter in post glomectic animals was found, which indicates anemisation phenomena. It was found that glomectomy after adaptation of animals in the mountains of Tien Shan at the height of 3200 m during 30 days didn't substantively change resistance to acute hypoxia. Resistance to acute hypoxia of animals living on mountains (susliks, marmots) is higher than of animals living on plains. Glomectomy performed on animals living on mountain resulted in an insignificant decrease in resistance to acute hypoxia. Resistance to acute hypoxia in postglomectic animals was found to be directly linked with absolute amount of hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte number. In that way denervation of sinocarotid reflexogenic zones and bilateral glomectomy is an adequate method of comparative research of functions regulation mechanism during formation of adaptive responses in animals in dependence of various factors of external environment in norm, as well, as in pathology.

[Clinical laboratory characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of acute odontogenic maxillary sinusitis]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia kharakteristika, diagnostika i lechenie ostrykh odontogennykh verkhnecheliustnykh sinusitov.

Clinical laboratory characteristics of acute odontogenic maxillary sinusitis are presented. All the patients (n = 132) were examined in accordance with a special diagnostic protocol. Two variants of acute inflammatory process were distinguished: serous and destructive. Conservative and surgical methods of treatment are suggested, depending on the disease pattern and complications. The treatment efficiency is compared to the results of traditional treatment.

[Isolation and partial structural characteristics of major toxic components of Latrodectus pallidus venom]. / Vydelenie i chastichnaia strukturnaia kharakteristika osnovnykh toksicheskikh komponentov iada pauka Latrodectus pallidus.

Toxic components of the Latrodectus pallidus spider venom were isolated and characterized. The venom was shown to contain a toxin specific for mammals and at least one insectospecific toxin. Partial amino acid sequences of both toxins were determined, and their high structural homology with previously studied alpha-latrotoxin and alpha-latroinsectotoxin from L. mactans tredecimguttatus was found.

[Recombinant proteins containing amino acid sequences of two ectatomin chains]. / Rekombinantnye belki, soderzhashchie aminokislotnye posledovatel'nosti dvukh tsepei éktatomina.

Artificial genes for chains A and B of ectatomin, an Ectatomma tuberculatum ant toxin, were obtained by chemical and enzymic synthesis and cloned into new plasmid vectors. Expression plasmids with the genes of hybrid proteins were constructed containing human interleukin-3 or its terminal 63-mer fragment as well as chains A and B of ectatomin, which are linked via a region containing the cleavage site of specific protease, enterokinase (hybrid proteins IL3ETOXA, IL3ETOXB, ILETOXA, and ILETOXB). Escherichia coli producer strains providing a high yield of IL3ETOXA and IL3ETOXB proteins as inclusion bodies were obtained.

[Diurnal dynamics of red blood indicators after carotid glomectomy in rats]. / Sutochnaia dinamika pokazatelei krasnoi krovi u krys posle karotidnoi gloméktomii.

After bilateral carotid glomectomy the rat resistance to acute hypoxia reduces and phenomena of anemia arise. There appear correlations between resistance to hypoxia and red cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit. The diurnal fluctuation of rat resistance to acute hypoxia after the glomectomy does not change while hemodynamics undergo marked changes.

[Effects of acute hypoxia on the development of corazol-induced seizures]. / Vliianie ostroi gipoksii na razvitie korazolovykh sudorog.

Experiments on white random-bred rats showed that development of corazol seizures depend both on corazol dose and pO2 level in atmosphere. Latent period becomes short, the time of convulsive attack and the time of all seizures prolongs with increase of corazol dose. Acute hypoxia inhibits development of seizures: decreases the time of attack and the time of all seizures, prolongs latent period. The higher the hypoxia level is more massive its protective effect on corazol seizures. The anticonvulsant mechanisms of acute hypoxia are under discussion.

[Topoisomerase I from human placenta. Functional activity of products of expression of cloned cDNA fragments]. / Topoizomeraza I iz platsenty cheloveka. Funktsional'naia aktivnost' produktov ékspressii klinirovannykh fragmentov kDNK.

Immunoscreening of the human placenta cDNA-library in the expression vector lambda gt11 using non-isotope detection based on the avidin-biotin system allowed to identify a number of clones encoding human topoisomerase I. The fusion protein from an extract of Escherichia coli cells infected with the recombinant phage lambda gt11 interacts with the monoclonal antibody raised against topoisomerase I from calf thymus; the dissociation constant being 5.7.10(-8) M. The restricted DNA fragments coding for the topoisomerase polypeptide in the composition of the fusion protein were recloned, and expression in the pEX vector was obtained. The functional analysis of the expression products has enabled localization of the epitope of binding the monoclonal antibody. It was demonstrated that the identified fusion protein can be applied for diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

[Zonal characteristics of the dynamics of viral hepatitis A morbidity over a period of many years (based on data from the Ukrainian SSR)]. / Zonal'nye osobennosti dinamiki zabolevaemosti virusnym gepatitom A za mnogoletnii period (po materialam USSR).

The previously established zonal character of the prevalence of viral hepatitis A in the Ukraine is a stable epidemiological regularity observed for more than 30 years (1952-1985). Zonal differences in the dynamics of the epidemic process of viral hepatitis A were established. These differences became particularly hepatitis manifest in the years of periodic rises in the morbidity rate which is also irregular within zonal and regional boundaries. The main typological variants of the dynamics of the epidemic process ("urban" and "rural") were defined. Typological approach appears to be useful in the provision of information necessary for the proper functioning of epidemiological surveillance and for taking measures aimed at epidemics control.

[Comparative morphofunctional research on the individual resistance of animals to hypoxia]. / Sravnitel'noe morfofunktsional'noe issledovanie individual'noi ustoichivosti zhivotnykh k gipoksii.

It has been shown in experiments on white male rats that there is a correlation between hypoxia tolerance and the rate of metabolism in brain tissue. Animals with varying tolerance to hypoxia differed also in the acid-base balance of venous blood outflowing from the brain. While adapting to hypoxia animals with high individual tolerance developed the main metabolic changes in the reticular formation and those with low tolerance in the cerebral cortex. During adaptation to hypoxia animals with high and low tolerance had varying changes in acid-base balance. The data obtained allow the conclusion that there is a correlation between the rate of brain tissue metabolism, acid-base balance of jugular vein blood and individual animals' tolerance to hypoxia.