Periodontal condition and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of chronic inflammation in the mouth, such as infectious disease of the periodontal tissues, may be the reservoir of microorganisms that are not usually present, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to create a profile of periodontal conditions and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 29.43 years. The following parameters were included in the clinical study: number and cause of permanent teeth loss (excluding third molars), the presence of plaque (PCR), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL). On the basis of obtained clinical data, the periodontal status and the periodontal risk were determined. RESULTS: The study showed healthy periodontal tissues in 9 people (41%), gingivitis in 5 (23%), and mild periodontitis in 8 (36.36%). The periodontal risk in the vast majority of patients (90.91%) was at a low level - only 2 people, on average. CONCLUSIONS: The poor oral hygiene in CF patients indicates the need to develop standards of dental care for this group aimed at education and elimination of risk factors for oral diseases. The obtained results of clinical trials do not rule out the likelihood of auto-infections of the respiratory system originating from periodontal tissues, which, in CF patients, may adversely affect the general state of health and conducted therapy.

Periodontal Status and Subgingival Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Adults.

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status of cystic fibrosis (CF) adult patients and to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the bacterial population of the subgingival biofilm and the health status of the periodontal tissues in this group of adults. The study involved 22 cystic fibrosis adult patients. The periodontal condition was assessed using Plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). The gingival sulcus samples were analyzed by the Real-Time PCR assay (RT-PCR). Majority of patients showed moderate or severe bacterial dental plaque accumulation, but none of them had clinical symptoms of periodontal diseases. RT-PCR showed the presence of periopathogens in 50% of patients. Red complex microorganisms were detected in 9.09%, orange complex in 27.27%, and green complex in 31.82% of the samples analyzed. In cystic fibrosis patients colonized by periopathogens, the periodontal markers were significantly higher in comparison to not colonized by periopathogens patients. Despite the widespread presence of bacterial dental deposits in the cystic fibrosis adult patients examined, none of them has clinical symptoms of periodontal disease; however, the presence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm may represent a possible risk factor of this disease in the future. An unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene in any patient with cystic fibrosis indicates a need to focus on standards of dental care for such patients.The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status of cystic fibrosis (CF) adult patients and to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the bacterial population of the subgingival biofilm and the health status of the periodontal tissues in this group of adults. The study involved 22 cystic fibrosis adult patients. The periodontal condition was assessed using Plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). The gingival sulcus samples were analyzed by the Real-Time PCR assay (RT-PCR). Majority of patients showed moderate or severe bacterial dental plaque accumulation, but none of them had clinical symptoms of periodontal diseases. RT-PCR showed the presence of periopathogens in 50% of patients. Red complex microorganisms were detected in 9.09%, orange complex in 27.27%, and green complex in 31.82% of the samples analyzed. In cystic fibrosis patients colonized by periopathogens, the periodontal markers were significantly higher in comparison to not colonized by periopathogens patients. Despite the widespread presence of bacterial dental deposits in the cystic fibrosis adult patients examined, none of them has clinical symptoms of periodontal disease; however, the presence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm may represent a possible risk factor of this disease in the future. An unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene in any patient with cystic fibrosis indicates a need to focus on standards of dental care for such patients.

Self-Evaluation of Anxiety in Dental Students.

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze anxiety in female and male dental students related to their first procedure performed on a pediatric patient as part of their study curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in eighty-four 3rd year dental students (75.00% females and 25.00% males), aged 22-28 years. The participation in the research was anonymous and voluntary. The study was performed during clinical classes in pediatric dentistry where the students were supposed to perform simple prophylactic or therapeutic procedures on pediatric patients. To assess anxiety, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used prepared by Spielberger et al. based on the American STAI questionnaire of 1970 that is composed of two-parts scales: the X-1 scale to assess anxiety as a state and the X-2 scale to assess anxiety as a trait. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson's chi-squared test, and Mann-Whitney test as well as Statistica 10 programme were used. RESULTS: The results obtained from the first and second part of the questionnaire concerning anxiety as a state and as a trait showed high level of anxiety as a state in 51.19% of the students and as a trait in 32.14% and low level in 19.05% and 41.67%, respectively. The obtained results showed minimal and maximal values to be 24 and 71, respectively, for the STAI-1 scale (mean = 40.55), and 24 and 57, respectively, for the STAI-2 scale (mean = 41.75). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the anxiety level during clinical classes is relatively high in the studied population of students. Preparing the students to cope with stress resulting from treating the patients seems to be of importance. Such programmes should be implemented before the start of practical clinical classes. The acquired knowledge will be useful in further professional career.

Dental and periodontal manifestations in patients with cystic fibrosis - A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The oral cavity is an important reservoir of microorganisms and can be a potential source of infection of the respiratory tract in CF patients. The literature on the oral health does not explicitly determine dental problems in these patients. The aim of the study was to systematically review the studies relating to oral status in CF patients. METHODS: A systematic review of papers published from 1997 to 2018 regarding oral status in CF children and adults, carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. RESULTS: The search resulted in 143 studies. Thirteen publications were included in the systematic review.

Enamel defects and dental caries among children attending primary schools in Poznan, Poland.

BACKGROUND: Both positive and negative associations between developmental enamel defects (DED) and dental caries have been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of DED of permanent dentition and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren living in Poznan (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, Poland). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 2,522 6th grade children and 3,112 1st grade children were examined. Developmental enamel defects were described using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Dental caries experience was assessed in accordance with the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). RESULTS: The study revealed 475 children (9.6%) to have at least 1 enamel defect of permanent dentition. In 6th-graders, statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between DMFT, DT (decayed teeth) and FT (filled teeth) numbers of various DED groups with subjects affected by diffuse opacities having generally the lowest caries indices and subjects with enamel hypoplasia and/or demarcated opacities having the highest caries indices. In both age groups, dental caries prevalence was statistically significantly higher in subjects with hypoplasia and/or demarcated opacities as compared to subjects without DED or with diffuse opacities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DED in the examined population was low and comparable to those reported in regions without fluoridated water. The study confirmed that children affected by diffuse enamel opacities were less susceptible to dental caries, while demarcated opacities and hypoplasia should be considered important dental caries risk factors.

[Conditions for use of stimulants assessed by medical university students]. / Uwarunkowania stosowania uzywek w ocenie studentów uczelni medycznej.

INTRODUCTION: The use of tobacco, alcohol and psychoactive substances in a society, also by very young consumers, currently poses a serious social problem. The representatives of medical professions are addicted, too, though the issue has not been studied well enough yet. AIM: The aim of the paper was to present data considering the, use of stimulants by students of a medical university. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The questionnaire study was carried out in the years 2014-2015 among 187 students of a medical university (147 females and 40 males), aged 20-29 years, studying dentistry and dental hygiene. After giving their consent, the students answered closed questions from a questionnaire concerning the use of tobacco, alcohol and psychoactive agents. Statistical analysis was carried out in groups of the studied subjects divided according to sex, using difference test between two proportions and Statistica v10. The studies were approved by the Bioethical Committee at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. RESULTS: Daily tobacco smoking was declared by 5.35% of students, whereas 18.72% are occasional smokers, and 7.48% have recently refrained from smoking. As many as 94.65% of students consume alcohol, 2.14% halucynogenic agents, 1.07% ecstasy and 19.78% energy drinks. Tobacco smoking is most frequently associated with stressful situations (12.30%) or recreationally (10.16%). Alcohol consumption primarily occurred at parties (77.54%), celebrating success (60.43%), or during family gatherings (54.01%). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption is widespread among students of medical professions, and is most frequent at parties. Tobacco smoking and the use of psychoactive agents is relatively less common. Furthermore, the obtained data suggests the need for health promotion in preventing substance abuse in this population.

[Use of stimulants among dental students]. / Stosowanie uzywek w srodowisku studentów stomatologii.

INTRODUCTION: The use of stimulants including cigarettes, alcohol and psychoactive substances among young people is very common. Students of medical universities are exposed to stress, like those at other universities, however, have a greater knowledge concerning the dangers of certain addiction. AIM: The paper aimed to collect data on the use of stimulants by dental students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Questionnaire survey was carried out among 60 dental students (41 females and 19 males), aged 23-29 years, in their final year of studies. The questionnaire was completed by respondents who gave their consent. Closed-ended questions were related to the use of stimulants such as cigarettes, alcohol and psychoactive substances. The Poznan University of Medical Sciences ethics committee approved the study. RESULTS: Five students (8.34%) declared the use of cigarettes every day, while 39 people (65.00%) had never smoked. Alcohol was consumed by 57 students (95.00%), mainly on the occasion of get-together (78.33%), passed exams (55.00%) and family events (48.33%). The vast majority of students admitted that they had not used any psychoactive substances (81.66%). On the other hand, people who used this type of stimulants reported consumption of energy drinks and stimulants (16.67%) as well as hallucinogens (1.67%). CONCLUSIONS: In the examined environment, relatively low dependence on cigarette smoking and consumption of psychoactive substances is observed. On the other hand, drinking of alcohol is quite common.