[The use of eeg discriminant analysis in the diagnosis of schizophrenia]. / Ispol'zovanie diskriminantnogo analiza élektroéntsefalogrammy v diagnostike shizofrenii.

AIM: There have been no criteria found so far to quantify the wide range of EEG spectral and coherent indicators, which would allow discrimination between schizophrenia disorders and healthy human states. The goal of this research is to find objective EEG-based schizophrenia criteria through a discriminant analysis and to obtain a linear discriminant function (LDF) with sensitivity and specificity of at least 85%. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 83 schizophrenia patients and 116 healthy individuals, with similar major characteristics. EEGs were recorded in EDF format using 16 leads under the 10-20 system and ear reference electrodes, with further spectral and coherent analysis. RESULTS: A discriminant analysis has provided LDFs from which a formula with 5 predictors was extracted. The most valuable diagnostic predictors were beta2 and theta rhythm powers in the F3 lead. In the same manner, interhemispheric theta rhythm coherence in the pair T5-T6 and interhemispheric beta rhythm coherence in the pairs F3-C3 and T3-C3 were significant predictors. All of them being negative, the EEG supplied thereby most likely relates to the schizophrenia class. CONCLUSION: The novel methods used for selecting EEG features and choosing their combinations to obtain LDFs and verify the outcomes will give the researcher a powerful and flexible tool to perform an EEG discriminant analysis which allows obtaining linear discriminant functions in short terms without routine procedures, performance of preliminary diagnosis using an expert system based on the obtained LDF, evaluation of treatment efficacy by the LDF score dynamics. During treatment and changes of predicting modules function, variables may increase or decrease depending on the direction of predictors that may serve as an indicator of treatment efficacy.

[Dichotomous classification of autism spectrum disorders: syndromal and non-syndromal forms]. / Dikhotomicheskaia klassifikatsiia rasstroistv autisticheskogo spektra: sindromal'nye i nesindromal'nye formy.

In foreign literature on research into the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the division of this group of diseases into two forms is getting more and more frequent. These two forms are 'syndromal' and 'non-syndromal' forms of autistic disorders. The literature review aims to cover the issues of the dichotomous classification of ASDs based on the genetic and molecular psychiatric views on the etiopathogenesis of this group of diseases. It also covers the purpose of this classification, the opportunities of its usage in routine clinical practice and the network resources, which allow classifying a form of ASD correctly. Special attention is paid to the multidisciplinary approach to dichotomous classification and its difference from the clinical view on the systematization of autism and the importance of this method for selection of target therapy.

[The efficacy of sulpiride in patients with anxiety disorders depending on the serum serotonin concentrations].

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of sulpiride in patients with anxiety disorders depending on the serum serotonin concentrations was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 132 patients with anxiety disorders. The higher levels of serotonin were found in 81 (61.3%) of patients, normal levels in 24 (25.8%) and lower levels in 27 (20.5%). Sulpiride was used in doses from 50 to 400 mg. Average treatment duration was >90 days. RESULTS: The positive effect of sulpiride monotherapy was identified in patients with higher and normal levels of serotonin. No clinical effect of sulpiride was noted in patients with lower serotonin concentrations. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of sulpiride depends on serum concentrations of serotonin. It can be assumed that serotonin concentration is a marker of sulpiride treatment efficacy in patients with anxiety disorders.

[Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with narrow QRS].

Conduction delay affecting 30-50% of patients with NYHA class III-IV heart failure (HF) mainly results from left bundle branch block and leads to deterioration of cardiac contractility through intra- and interventricular dyssynchrony. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has class I recommendation for the treatment of patients with severe systolic HF who have left ventricular ejection fraction less or equal to 35%, QRS duration greater than or equal to 120 ms. Nevertheless some studies have shown that systolic asynchrony is present in 27-43% of HF patients with narrow QRS complexes (defined as <120 ms). We present here results of CRT in 20 patients (13 male, 7 female). Main indication for CRT was ventricular dyssynchrony during basic cardiac rhythm or cardiac pacing independently of QRS width. In 4 patients width of QRS complex was less than 120 ms, in 3 QRS varied from 120 to 149 ms pts and in 13 it was equal to or exceeded 150 ms. CRT in patients with narrow QRS resulted in clinical improvement associated with increase of cardiac contractility and decrease of left ventricular end systolic volume. This allows to conclude that CRT can be beneficial for HF patients with narrow QRS and ventricular dyssynchrony.

[The character of dyslipidemia and myocardial and carotid arterial remodeling in young patients with essential hypertension].

The purpose of the investigation was to study the character of myocardial and vascular revascularization by the example of the carotid artery (CA) in young patients with arterial hypertension in correlation with biochemical and clinical data. Sixty-eight patients were examined. EchoCG and sonography were performed using SONOS 4500 device. Left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM) was calculated using R. Devereus formula. Intimomedial thickness (IMT) was measured in the ostium of the common CA (CCA) bifurcation. Lipidogram was performed by "dry chemistry" method using Reflotron bioanalyzer. An elevated LVMM index was revealed in 65% of the subjects. Concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy prevailed over other types of myocardial remodeling (53%). LV diastolic dysfunction was found in 23% of the patients; LV systolic dysfunction was revealed in 56% of the subjects. IMT was increased in 27% of cases, C- and S-shape curvatures were revealed in 56.6% of the patients. In 31.3% of the subjects, atherosclerotic plaques with a 20% to 50% stenosis were found. Various forms of dyslipidemia were revealed in 75.6% of the patients. In conclusion, dyslipidemia and lesion of target organs in a form of myocardial and vascular remodeling require active antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy to prevent complications.

[Polyarchal spindles in higher plant meiosis].

Morphogenesis and functioning of polyarchal spindles in higher plant meiosis were studied. A mechanism of anastral spindle formation in discussed.

Functional role of the N-terminal domain of bacteriophage T4 gene product 11.

Bacteriophage T4 late gene product 11 (gp11), the three-dimensional structure of which has been solved by us to 2.0 A resolution, is a part of the virus' baseplate. The gp11 polypeptide chain consists of 219 amino acid residues and the functionally active protein is a three-domain homotrimer. In this work, we have studied the role of gp11 N-terminal domain in the formation of a functionally active trimer. Deletion variants of gp11 and monoclonal antibodies recognizing the native conformation of gp11 trimer have been selected. Long deletions up to a complete removal of the N-terminal domain, containing 64 residues, do not affect the gp11 trimerization, but considerably change the protein structure and lead to the loss of its ability to incorporate into the baseplate. However, the deletion of the first 17 N-terminal residues results in functionally active protein that can complete the 11(-)-defective phage particles in in vitro complementation assay. This region of the polypeptide chain is probably essential for gp11-gp10 stable complex formation at the early stages of phage baseplate assembly in vivo. A study of the gp10 deletion variants suggests that the central domain of gp10 trimer is responsible for the interaction with gp11.

[Dynamics of microtubular cytoskeleton in higher plant meiosis. IV. Middle prometaphase].

By means of morphological analyses of meiotic abnormalities in pollen mother cells of cereal distant hybrids, processes of cytoskeleton cycle at the middle prometaphase (chaotic stage) were studied. It was shown that elements of the bipolar spindle (central and opposite kinetochore fibres) are formed at the chaotic stage of meiotic prometaphase.

[Dynamics of microtubular cytoskeleton in higher plant meiosis. V. Late prometaphase. The general scheme of anastral spindle formation].

By means of morphological analyses of meiotic abnormalities in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of cereal wide hybrids, haploids and meiotic mutants, the processes involved in cytoskeleton cycle at late prometaphase (a sub-stage of transition from chaotic figure to bipolar spindle) were studied. A significance of the four processes of late prometaphase--axial orientation, lateral association, consolidation and convergance of spindle fibers--is discussed.

[An experimental unit for high-resolution electrocardiography and the method of recording of late ventricular potentials]. / Eksperimental'nyi kompleks dlia élektrokardiografii vysokogo razresheniia i sposob registratsii pozdnikh potentsialov zheludochkov.

One of the methods of recording late ventricular potentials, markers of decelerated depolarization of the heart ventricles, is depicted. The complex suggested by the authors consists of an interface connected to the personal computer, a block for cardiosignal processing, and an analog-to-digital converter. The averaging is realized after preliminary signal processing, which results in the computation of the mean period of the QRS. The mode of automatic amplification is provided as are alterations of the lower frequency of the section of the band-pass filters as well as the switching on of the rejection filter.

[Indices of lipid peroxidation in the condensate of exhaled air--a simple and objective method of estimating injuries to the pulmonary surfactant system]. / Pokazateli perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v kondensate vydykhaemogo vozdukha--prostoi i ob"ektivnyi metod otsenki povrezhdenii v surfaktantnoi sisteme legkikh.

A method for assessing injury to the pulmonary surfactant system is suggested, based on studies of lipid peroxidation parameters in exhaled air condensate. Free-radical processes in pulmonary surfactants were examined in normal subjects and in patients with various forms of chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs. The findings evidence that a disease essentially intensifies lipid peroxidation in the alveolar lining, this being parallelled by reduced antiradical defense. Such an approach to studies of pulmonary surfactant system injuries is marked for its simplicity and atraumatism, this recommending it for mass clinical check-ups. Use of this method is promising as regards the disease prognosis and assessment of the treatment efficacy, as well as detection of subjects at high risk of developing bronchopulmonary diseases.

[Microsurgical correction of the congenital adactylous hand]. / Mikrokhirurgicheskaia korrektsiia vrozhdennoi bespalosti kisti.

The correction of different kinds of congenital malformations of the hand by means of microsurgical autotransplantation of toes onto the hand was performed to 17 patients. The main purpose of the operation was to restore the hand function, to improve the esthetic appearance of the hand which must be solved in parallel, but is not an indication to operation. Tactics of operation for transplantation of toes onto the hand must be different for different congenital defects and dependent on the function of the 1st finger. Of great importance is the question whether the operation will give an additional function of the hand and whether this function will be more effective or profitable than the initial one.

[Purification, quaternary structure and regulatory properties of phosphorylase kinase from pigeon skeletal muscle]. / Ochistka, chetvertichnaia struktura i reguliatornye svoistva kinazy fosforilazy iz skeletnykh myshts golubia.

Using DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography, a preparation of pigeon skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase was obtained in a state approaching homogeneity. The molecular mass of the native enzyme (1320 kDa) and the subunit formula (alpha beta gamma delta)4 are similar to those of rabbit and chicken counterparts. Both red and white pigeon skeletal muscle isozymes contain the alpha'-subunit instead of alpha. Gradient SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed small but well-reproducible differences in the molecular masses of rabbit, chicken and pigeon muscle beta- and gamma-subunits. The activity ratio at pH 6.8/8.2 is 0.06-0.15 for different preparations of phosphorylase kinase b. The activity of pigeon muscle phosphorylase kinase b is Ca2+-dependent. The [Ca2+]0.5 value at pH 7.0 is 20 microM, which exceeds that for the chicken muscle enzyme by two orders of magnitude. In the presence of Ca2+, pigeon phosphorylase kinase b is activated 4-fold by saturating concentrations of calmodulin and troponin C. Pigeon muscle phosphorylase b is activated 3-5-fold during autophosphorylation or phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

[The first experience using a Soviet-made device for recording late ventricular potentials]. / Pervyi opyt primeneniia otechestvennoi ustanovki dlia registratsii pozdnikh potentsialov zheludochkov.

Late potentials (high-frequency oscillation of the initial part of ST-segment) reflect decelerated ventricular depolarization and predispose onset of reentry arrhythmias. Investigators are keenly interested in their possible exact registration. The article describes the experience of realization of late potentials registration method based on the method of Simson et al, with the use of a USSR-produced electronic apparatus. The first experience of clinical application of the late potentials registration method in patients with IHD is analysed. Presence of late potentials is correlated with spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and possible disturbances of left ventricular contractility. The obtained data as well as analysis of technical possibilities of the developed system allow evaluation of the proposed technique as acceptable for late potentials registration.

[14C-procollagen secretion by human embryonal fibroblasts with diploid and trisomic chromosome complement]. / Sekretsiia 14C-prokollagena émbrional'nymi fibroblastami cheloveka s diploidnym i trisomnym naborom khromosom.

Secretion of procollagen was studied in human embryonal fibroblasts with diploid chromosomes as well as in fibroblasts obtained from fetuses after spontaneous abortion from patients with trisomy by chromosome 7. The rate of procollagen secretion was approximately similar in these cells; the protein was shown to accumulate in intracellular matrix of diploid fibroblasts, while it did not occur in the matrix of aneuploid fibroblasts. Content of polymeric tubulin was decreased in fibroblasts with trisomy as compared with diploid cells. Impairment of the intracellular matrix structure in the cells with trisomy appears to be responsible for deterioration of morphogenesis in human chromosome anomalies.

[Limited proteolysis and phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase from chicken skeletal muscles]. / Ogranichennyi proteoliz i fosforilirovanie kinazy fosforilazy iz skeletnykh myshts kuritsy.

The changes in the quaternary structure of chicken skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase during limited proteolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate of the products of phosphorylase kinase limited proteolysis revealed a similarity in the structure of the alpha'- and beta-subunits and some differences in the structure of the gamma-subunits of the chicken and rabbit enzymes. Phosphorylation with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (up to 2 mol of 32P/mol of alpha' beta gamma' sigma monomer) and autophosphorylation (up to 8 mol of 32P/mol alpha' beta gamma' delta monomer) increased the activity of chicken phosphorylase kinase 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively. The incorporation of phosphate into the alpha' and beta-subunits in the course of the protein kinase-catalyzed reaction was demonstrated.