Lung cancer patients with a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy should not be considered homogeneous: a clinicopathological analysis of 3530 surgical cases.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer patients with a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy have been widely discussed for their postoperative prognosis. Still, whether different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy confer different clinicopathological features and outcomes of lung cancer patients deserves further investigation. METHODS: The medical records of patients undergoing operation for pulmonary malignancy were retrospectively reviewed. After identifying primary lung cancer out of pulmonary metastasis in patients with a history of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy, clinicopathological parameters and postoperative prognosis were compared between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy. RESULTS: Approximately, 5.0% lung cancer patients undergoing surgery had a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy. Prior breast cancer (20%) and colorectal cancer (16%) formed the majority of these previous extra-pulmonary malignancies. Many clinicopathological features such as reason for visit, tumor size and histological subtype were significantly different between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy (P < 0.05). Lung cancer patients with a previous occurrence of breast cancer were the most different type from patients without a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy in clinicopathological features (P < 0.05). The postoperative overall survival was not significantly different between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous extra-pulmonary malignancy was confirmed to be harmless to postoperative prognosis of lung cancer patients. Lung cancer patients with a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy, especially with a previous occurrence of breast cancer, were highly heterogeneous in clinicopathological features. These findings implied there might be a unique etiology existing in lung cancer following a previous occurrence of breast cancer.

CYP1A2-163C/A (rs762551) polymorphism and bladder cancer risk: a case-control study.

To date, no study has investigated the association between CYP1A2-163C/A polymorphism and bladder cancer risk in a Chinese population. Here, we extracted genomic DNA from peripheral white blood cells, and differentiated CYP1A2 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Differences in genotype frequencies between the cases and controls were evaluated using a chi-square test. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using an unconditional logistic regression model. This revealed that the -163A allele was present at a significantly increased frequency in bladder cancer patients compared to healthy controls (44.10 vs 22.25%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of CC genotype, CA genotype, and AA genotype was 34.91, 41.98, and 23.11% in bladder cancer patients, and 64.00, 27.50, and 8.5% in the controls, respectively. Therefore, significant differences in the frequencies of -163 genotypes were found between bladder cancer patients and controls (P < 0.001). We found that the AA genotype was significantly associated with increased bladder cancer risk (OR = 3.72; 95%CI = 1.55-7.16; P = 0.02), and the -163A carriers were at increased risk of bladder cancer in a multivariate COX regression model (OR = 4.89, 95%CI = 2.78-10.87, P = 0.01). We conclude that the CYP1A2-163C/A polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to bladder cancer in the Chinese population.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene by chemically induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Although a number of studies have shown that chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) affect anther growth and regulate cell-cycle progression, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential factor in DNA replication, and in many other processes in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the open reading frame of TaPCNA, the PCNA in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis revealed that this gene was 792-bp long and encoded a protein with 234 amino acids. Alignment of the TaPCNA-predicted sequence revealed a high degree of identity with PCNAs from other plant species. A subcellular localization assay indicated that TaPCNA was localized in the nucleus. The TaPCNA was cloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32a, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3). TaPCNA expression was induced by 0.5 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside and verified using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot assays, which indicated that the fusion protein was successfully expressed. The gene involved in the G1-to-S transition, Histone H4, was downregulated by 1376- CIMS, which is a chemically induced male sterility line. However, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that TaPCNA expression was upregulated in 1376-CIMS. Our results suggest that CHAs (SQ-1) induce DNA damage in wheat anthers. DNA damage results in either the delay or arrest of cell-cycle progression, which affects anther development. This study will help to elucidate the mechanisms of SQ-1-induced male sterility.