Evaluation of the morphology and development of preantral ovarian follicles in mice submitted to a chronic diet of dietary supplementation with Pereskia aculeata Miller leaves.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of including mouse feed with different concentrations (5, 10, or 20%) of Pereskia aculeata Miller (PAM) leaves on the morphology and development of preantral ovarian follicles and ovarian stromal cell density. The oral toxicity was performed using repeated dose toxicity assays subdivided into experiments of 30 days and 90 days of treatment. After the experiments, the ovaries of each animal were collected and submitted to classical histology. At 30 and 90 days, there was an equivalent percentage of normal, primordial, and developing follicles (P > 0.05) between PAM treatments compared to the control. Regarding the different stages of follicular development, after 90 days, there was a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of developing follicles only in the control group compared to day 30. The PAM 5% treatment was the only one that affected the cell density in the stroma after 90 days of treatment. Thus, we observed that supplementing the diet with P. aculeata did not pose any risk concerning animal consumption; specifically, there were no toxic reproductive effects observed from adding Pereskia aculeata Miller to the mouse diet.

Health Care Professional-Supported Co-Design of a Mime Therapy-Based Serious Game for Facial Rehabilitation.

This research letter presents the co-design process for RG4Face, a mime therapy-based serious game that uses computer vision for human facial movement recognition and estimation to help health care professionals and patients in the facial rehabilitation process.

Analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block versus paravertebral block in lung surgeries-A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Pain management plays an essential role in postoperative recovery after lung surgeries. The Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) is a widely used regional anaesthesia technique; however, few clinical trials have compared this block to active control in thoracic surgeries. This study evaluated the non-inferiority of the analgesia provided by ESPB when compared to paravertebral block (PVB) in lung surgeries. METHODS: Randomised, active-controlled, blinded for patients and assessors, non-inferiority trial. Patients who underwent unilateral lung surgeries were divided into two groups according to the regional anaesthesia technique-continuous ESPB or PVB at the T5 level. The primary outcome was to assess pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) with a test of the interaction of three measures over 24 h postoperatively. An NRS score ≥ 7 was considered analgesia failure, and the prespecified non-inferiority margin was 10%. RESULTS: In the interim analysis that terminated this study, 120 participants were enrolled. ESPB patients reported higher mean NRS general values over 24 h, 4.6 ± 3.2 in the ESPB group versus 3.9 ± 2.9 in the PVB group, with a difference of -0.67 (-15.2%) and 95%CI: -1.29 to -0.05 (p = .02), demonstrating not non-inferiority. In addition, the ESPB group presented higher NRS failure of analgesia over 24 h (p < .01) and required more postoperative opioids (p = .01 over 24 h). There was no difference in patient satisfaction between groups. CONCLUSION: This trial demonstrated that a continuous erector spinae plane block was not non-inferior to a continuous paravertebral block for analgesia after lung surgery but resulted in higher levels of postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

Dried distiller's grains for feedlot Nellore cattle fed non-forage-based diets.

This study aimed to evaluate intake, animal performance and carcass traits with the inclusion of corn dried distiller grains (DDGs) replacing cornmeal (Zea mays L.) in non-forage-based diets for finishing feedlot Nellore cattle. Sixty-four uncastrated Nellore cattle weighing 267.22 ± 20.4 kg and 18 ± 3 months old were distributed in 16 pens. Experimental diets were based on cornmeal, cottonseed cake, a mineral mixture and increased levels of DDG replacing cornmeal (0, 10, 20 and 30% on a dry matter basis). The study lasted 135 days, and the intake of nutrients and body weight gain were monitored. At the end of the study, the animals were slaughtered to measure their carcass traits. During the first 34 days of the study, the DDG levels linearly increased dry matter intake and intake of all nutrients. In other phases of the feedlot, the DDG levels did not have any effect on DMI or ADG but caused a quadratic effect on hot carcass weight. Thus, DDG can replace cornmeal in non-forage diets fed to feedlot Nellore cattle without any negative effect on intake or animal performance.

Short-term temporal analysis and children's knowledge of the composition of important medicinal plants: the structural core hypothesis.

BACKGROUND: Measures of the importance of medicinal plants have long been used in ethnobotany and ethnobiology to understand the influence of social-ecological system factors in the formation of individuals' differential knowledge and use. However, there is still a gap in empirical studies that seek to understand the temporal aspects of this process. METHODS: To overcome this issue, we used the concept of the structural core of medicinal plants, a theoretical-evolutionary model, which argues that the importance of medicinal plant resources is related to the increase in individual and population fitness. It represents the set of the most effective and available resources that would treat the most common diseases in an environment. This composition of knowledge would be conservative over space and time. To test these questions, we hypothesized that the composition of the structural core remains constant during temporal changes in a social-ecological context, and that the composition of the infantile structural core (new generation) is similar to that of the adults (older generation). For 2 years, we tracked the structure of important medicinal plants among the same 49 residents of a community located in Vale do Catimbau in Pernambuco, Brazil. We also compared the importance of the medicinal plants among two different generations, children/adolescents and adults, in the same space/time context. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our results refuted both hypotheses. Regarding the composition of important medicinal plants through temporal variations and for children's learning, our results were not predicted by the model. This suggests that the structural core should not be regarded as a conservative phenomenon, but rather a congenital, dynamic, and plastic occurrence that has adapted to configure itself as a short-term population response to the treatment of local diseases.

Motor Rehabilitation of Upper Limbs Using a Gesture-Based Serious Game: Evaluation of Usability and User Experience.

Objective: Gesture-based serious games can be based on playful and interactive scenarios to enhance user engagement and experience during exercises, thereby increasing efficiency in the motor rehabilitation process. This study aimed to develop the Rehabilite Game (RG) as a complementary therapy tool for upper limb rehabilitation in clinics and home environments and to evaluate aspects of usability and user experience of it. Materials and Methods: The evaluation consisted of the use of a gesture-based serious game with motor rehabilitation sessions managed in a web platform. Thirty-three participants were recruited (21 physiotherapists and 12 patients). The protocol allowed each participant to have the experience of playing sessions with different combinations of settings. The User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) was used to evaluate aspects of usability and user experience. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Federal University of Piaui (number 3,429,494). Results: The level of satisfaction with the RG was positive, with an excellent Net Promoter Score for 85.7% of physiotherapists and 100% of patients. All six UEQ scales (attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty) reflected acceptance. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that, according to the results obtained in the experiments, the RG had positive feedback from physiotherapists and patients, indicating that the game can be used in a clinical trial to be compared with other rehabilitation techniques.

Cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to identify cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and verify correlations between these variables and biochemical markers, and between blood pressure percentiles, Body Mass Index, and biochemical markers. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, conducted at a Brazilian school, from August to September 2019, including 205 participants who were interviewed. After the interview, anthropometric assessments, including weight, height, arm circumference, blood pressure checking, and blood collection for laboratory tests were performed. Descriptive and inferential analysis using the chi-square test was conducted. RESULTS: a total of 18.5% had blood pressure percentiles >95%, 25.4% were overweight, and 25.9% were at very high cardiovascular risk. Statistically significant associations were found between cardiovascular risk and sex, Body Mass Index and blood pressure percentiles, and between blood pressure percentiles and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: high prevalence of risk factors among school adolescents reinforces the need for interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in this population.

Tyramine exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in vivo

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine

Cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents / Risco cardiovascular e fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes / Riesgo cardiovascular y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and verify correlations between these variables and biochemical markers, and between blood pressure percentiles, Body Mass Index, and biochemical markers. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted at a Brazilian school, from August to September 2019, including 205 participants who were interviewed. After the interview, anthropometric assessments, including weight, height, arm circumference, blood pressure checking, and blood collection for laboratory tests were performed. Descriptive and inferential analysis using the chi-square test was conducted. Results: a total of 18.5% had blood pressure percentiles >95%, 25.4% were overweight, and 25.9% were at very high cardiovascular risk. Statistically significant associations were found between cardiovascular risk and sex, Body Mass Index and blood pressure percentiles, and between blood pressure percentiles and triglycerides. Conclusions: high prevalence of risk factors among school adolescents reinforces the need for interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in this population.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o risco cardiovascular e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes e verificar correlações entre essas variáveis e marcadores bioquímicos, e entre percentis de pressão arterial, Índice de Massa Corporal e marcadores bioquímicos. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado em escola brasileira, de agosto-setembro de 2019, incluindo 205 participantes que foram entrevistados. Após a entrevista, foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, incluindo peso, altura, circunferência do braço, aferição da pressão arterial e coleta de sangue. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: 18,5% apresentavam percentis de pressão arterial>95%, 25,4% com sobrepeso e 25,9% com risco cardiovascular muito alto. Foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre risco cardiovascular e sexo, Índice de Massa Corporal e percentis de pressão arterial e entre percentis de pressão arterial e triglicérides. Conclusões: a alta prevalência de fatores de risco em adolescentes escolares reforça a necessidade de intervenções para redução do risco cardiovascular nessa população.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar riesgo cardiovascular y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes y verificar las correlaciones entre estas variables y marcadores bioquímicos, y entre percentiles de presión arterial, Índice de Masa Corporal y marcadores bioquímicos. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado en una escuela brasileña, de agosto a septiembre de 2019, que incluyó a 205 participantes que fueron entrevistados. Después de la entrevista, se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas que incluyeron peso, talla, perímetro del brazo, medición de la presión arterial y extracción de sangre para pruebas de laboratorio. El análisis descriptivo e inferencial se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: el 18,5% tenía percentiles de presión arterial>95%, el 25,4% tenía sobrepeso y el 25,9% tenía un riesgo cardiovascular muy alto.Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el riesgo cardiovascular y el sexo, el Índice de Masa Corporal y los percentiles de presión arterial, y entre los percentiles de presión arterial y los triglicéridos. Conclusiones: la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo en estudiantes adolescentes refuerza la necesidad de intervenciones para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular en esta población.

Prognosis in Traumatic Brain Injury / Indicadores prognósticos no trauma cranioencefálico

Objective To characterize the profile of TBI victims who required neurosurgical approach in two reference hospitals in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and to identify the prognostic increase in the Pupil Reactivity Score when subtracted from the Glasgow Coma Score, found in the Glasgow-P. Additionally, to present demographic, etiological, clinical, and tomographic data, and associate them with the outcome of death. Methods Medical record data and computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with TBI undergoing neurosurgical procedures from January 2014 to April 2019, at 2 reference hospitals in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil ­ Hospital Regional de São José Dr. Homero de Miranda Gomes (HRSJ-HMG, in the Portuguese acronym) and Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR, in the Portuguese acronym). Results The results of the 318 cases studied indicated that the male gender predominated (87.7%). The most affected age group was between 35 and 65 years old (47.5%). The main cause was motorcycle accidents (26.1%), followed by a fall from a height (16.4%). Most patients required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (85.8%), with an average duration of 13 days. The average total hospital stay was 28 days. Most cases needed external ventricular drain (EVD) (64.8%). The predominant tomographic classification was Marshall II (43.4%), followed by Marshall IV (26.1%). Most patients presented with extra-axial hematoma (64.2%), with subdural hematoma (SDH) being the most frequent (45%). Most patients presented with sequelae at hospital discharge (43.4%). Conclusion There was no clinically relevant increase between the Glasgow and Glasgow-P scores for the tested outcomes (need for decompressive craniectomy, midline shift, presence of basal cisterns obliteration, need for ICU admission, and death).

Objetivos Caracterizar o perfil das vítimas de trauma cranioencefálico (TCE) que necessitaram de abordagem neurocirúrgica em dois hospitais de referência na Grande Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, e identificar o incremento prognóstico do Escore de Reatividade Pupilar quando subtraído do Escore de Coma de Glasgow, resultando no Glasgow-P. Ademais, apresentar dados demográficos, etiológicos, clínicos e tomográficos, e associá-los ao desfecho óbito. Métodos Foram analisados dados de prontuários e exames tomográficos de pacientes com TCE submetidos a procedimentos neurocirúrgicos no período de janeiro de 2014 a abril de 2019, em 2 hospitais de referência na Grande Florianópolis ­ Hospital Regional de São José Dr. Homero de Miranda Gomes (HRSJ-HMG) e Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR). Resultados Para os 318 casos analisados, os resultados mostraram que o sexo masculino predominou (87,7%). A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 35 a 65 anos (47,5%). A principal causa foi acidente motociclístico (26,1%), seguido por queda de nível (16,4%). A maioria dos pacientes necessitou de internação na unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) (85,8%), com duração média de 13 dias. O tempo médio total de internação hospitalar foi de 28 dias. Houve necessidade de derivação ventricular externa (DVE) na maior parte dos casos (64,8%). A classificação tomográfica predominante foi Marshall II (43,4%), seguida pelo Marshall IV (26,1%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou hematoma extra-axial (64,2%), sendo o hematoma subdural (HSD) o mais frequente (45%). A maoria dos pacientes apresentou sequelas na alta hospitalar (43,4%). Conclusão Não houve um incremento clinicamente relevante entre os escores Glasgow e Glasgow-P para os desfechos testados (necessidade craniectomia descompressiva, desvio da linha média (DLM), presença de obliteração de cisternas basais, necessidade de internação em UTI e óbito).

Poor Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Health Professionals: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of poor quality sleep and daytime sleepiness in health professionals and their association with socioeconomic, lifestyle, and anthropometric factors and psychosocial work conditions. This cross-sectional study was performed with health professionals from various public and private hospitals in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. Daytime sleepiness and sleep quality were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. The variables were analyzed using multiple hierarchical Poisson regression in the statistical package Stata version 13.0. A total of 244 health professionals participated in this study (women, 78.28%). The rates of abnormal daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality were 50.41% (n = 123) and 55.74% (n = 136), respectively. Reduced physical activity was associated with poor sleep quality (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.70, p = 0.035). Age between 20 and 29 years (PR = 2.59; 95% CI 1.37-4.91, p = 0.021) and 30 and 49 years (PR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.12-3.91, p = 0.021), as well as excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.01-1.66, p = 0.048), were risk factors for daytime sleepiness. Conversely, adequate bodyweight (PR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.33-0.82, p = 0.005) was considered a protective factor. The present findings suggest high rates of abnormal daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality among healthcare professionals. We emphasize the importance of physical activity, adequate weight, and healthy habits for better quality sleep and reduced daytime sleepiness.

Prediction of Extubation Failure in COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: [Formula: see text] may be a reliable noninvasive alternative to the [Formula: see text] index. Furthermore, the ROX index (ie, the ratio of [Formula: see text] to breathing frequency) has been validated to predict high-flow nasal cannula failure in subjects under spontaneous breathing. However, these indices have not been tested in subjects with COVID-19 receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. This study aims to verify the correlation between both the ROX index and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and the ratio of [Formula: see text] to breathing frequency, and to determine the accuracy of the indices that use [Formula: see text] for the prediction of extubation failure in subjects with COVID-19. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from May 15, 2020, to June 15, 2020, with subjects with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation. Indices using [Formula: see text] in the formula were compared to those using [Formula: see text]. Additionally, the performance of the indices in predicting extubation failure was evaluated. RESULTS: This study included 69 subjects age 64.8 ± 14.6 y. There were no differences between the median values of the indices, including between the ROX index and [Formula: see text] to breathing frequency (P = .40) or between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (P = .83). When comparing the ROX index with the [Formula: see text] index to breathing frequency, they were found to be strongly correlated (R2 = 0.75 [95% CI 0.6763-0.8152], P < .001). The comparison of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] revealed R2 = 0.70 (95% CI 0.563-0.749, P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ROX index to determine extubation failure was 0.74 (P = .01), whereas for [Formula: see text] it was 0.78 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The indices presented a good correlation in subjects with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation, and both the ROX index and [Formula: see text] can discriminate extubation failure in this population.

Association between handgrip strength and bone mineral density of Brazilian children and adolescents stratified by sex: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: To examine the association of handgrip strength (HGS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample included 243 children and adolescents aged from 4 to 15 years (9.3 ± 2.2 years), 171 males and 72 females. The following measurements were performed: weight, height, trunk length, and years to the peak height velocity (PHV). The percentage lean soft tissue (PLST), percentage fat mass (PFM), and BMD were obtained using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and HGS using a dynamometer. RESULTS: In girls, HGS was positively associated with higher BMD, even after the adjustments, by arms [ß = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [ß = 0.014; p < 0.001], pelvis [ß = 0.019; p < 0.001], trunk [ß = 0.013; p < 0.001], spine [ß = 0.013; p = 0.008], and total body [ß = 0.009; p < 0.001]. The same occurred in the boys, even after the adjustments a positive relationship was observed, whereas higher HGS was related to greater BMD in arms [ß = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [ß = 0.017; p < 0.001], pelvis [ß = 0.014; p < 0.001], trunk [ß = 0.009; p < 0.001], spine [ß = 0.008; p < 0.001], and total body [ß = 0.007; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: HGS was positively associated to BMD in boys and girls, regardless of age, PHV, PLST, and PFM.

Ictal fear is associated with anxiety symptoms and interictal dysphoric disorder in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Interictal dysphoric disorder (IDD) is a poorly understood psychiatric disorder of epilepsy patients. Interictal dysphoric disorder is characterized by depressive, somatoform, and affective symptoms observed in up to 5.9% of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). This study aimed to evaluate the association between ictal fear (IF) and the psychiatric symptoms and diagnosis in MTLE-HS patients. We included 116 (54.3% male) consecutive adult patients (36 ±â€¯11 years) with MTLE-HS. Anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the psychiatric diagnosis were according to Fourth Edition of the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The independent association between the occurrence of IF aura and the psychiatric diagnosis was determined by binary regression. When compared to those with other auras or without aura, patients reporting IF have higher HADS anxiety, but not HADS depression, scores. Ictal fear was independently associated with the diagnosis of interictal dysphoric disorder (OR, IC 95% = 7.6, 1.3-43.2, p = 0.02), but not with the diagnosis of anxiety (OR, CI 95% = 0.72, 0.08-6.0, p = 0.73), depression (OR, CI 95% = 0.94, 0.19-4.8, p = 0.94) or psychotic disorders (p = 0.99). Only patients with drug-resistant MTLE-HS were included and the small number of cases with DD diagnosis in the sample. In MTLE-HS patients, the occurrence of IF is associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms and IDD. The results provide insights about fear-related neural network connections with anxiety symptoms and the IDD in MTLE-HS.

Diagenetic processes in Quaternary fossil bones from tropical limestone caves.

Quaternary fossils from limestone caves bear various diagenetic features due to the complex nature of sedimentary processes. However, few studies have addressed the problem of diagenetic changes in fossils from tropical-wet environments. We study Quaternary fossil bones from different sites of a tropical limestone cave in northeastern Brazil. These fossils show diverse diagenetic features. The approach encompassed the use of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to understand the modification of the fossil bone structure, chemical composition, and mineral assemblage during the diagenesis processes. We describe a model for fossil diagenesis in tropical limestone caves that involves early and advanced diagenetic stages, which produce two routes with different endmembers. The diagenesis in the cave alters the crystallinity and ordering of hydroxyapatite. The recrystallization of hydroxyapatite appears to be strongly influenced by dripping water that is rich in calcium carbonate, which leads to crystal formation with higher crystallinity. In the absence of calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite diagenesis involves crystal growth but not necessarily dissolution of the original material, which enables remarkable preservation of the biological structure.

Covid-19: 10 passos para qualificar a gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde do Paraná / Covid-19: 10 steps to qualify primary health care management in Paraná

A Covid-19 tem representado o maior desafio sanitário do século XXI, com impactos significativos e ainda não completamente dimensionados sobre a sociedade. Assim, esta comunicação livre tem por objetivo descrever as ações e atividades para qualificar a gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Paraná em resposta à pandemia Covid-19. O enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19 depende do fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde em todos os seus componentes, numa construção conjunta entre todas as esferas de governo. Qualificar a gestão da APS no enfrentamento da pandemia produzirá respostas necessárias para o controle e mitigação de seus impactos e redução das iniquidades em saúde. (AU)

This is a descriptive study that aims to elucidate the main public health measures reported by Paraná state government for the management of Covid-19 pandemic, from January 1st to June 27th, 2020, and published by official websites. Among the governmental initiatives are measures for infection control and prevention, population testing, hospital bed expansion and creation of Covid-19 exclusive areas in hospitals. Until the time of the study, the adopted government strategies maintained the number of cases within the state health system capacity. (AU)

Organização da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Paraná no enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19 / Organization of Primary Health Care in Paraná in the pandemic Covid- 19

A Covid-19 tem representado a maior crise sanitária, econômica e social do novo milênio, caracterizando um desafio global aos sistemas de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as ações e atividades para a organização da atenção primária à saúde no Paraná em resposta à pandemia de Covid-19, segundo o Plano de Contingência Estadual. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência. A resposta coordenada do Estado do Paraná frente à Covid-19 partiu do Plano de Resposta a Emergências em Saúde Pública. Fundamentado nesse plano, a Secretaria da Saúde ativou o Comitê de Operações de Emergência em Saúde Pública, publicando posteriormente o Plano de Contingência - Novo Coronavírus, composto por três níveis de resposta. Diante desse risco, configurado na doença Covid-19, a elaboração e atualização do plano de contingência foram fundamentais na organização das ações de intervenção na realidade e geração de respostas apropriadas a essa pandemia. (AU)

Covid-19 has been the biggest health, economic and social crisis in the new millennium, representing a global challenge to health systems. This paper describes actions and activities towards the health primary care in Paraná in response to Covid-19 pandemic, according to the State Contingency Plan. It is a case study, descriptive, qualitative, method. The coordinated answer of Paraná state against Covid-19 started with the Public Health Contingency Plan and, based on it, the Health State Secretariat set in motion a specific Emergency Operations Committee, and afterwards published the Preparedness Plan - New Coronavirus with three levels of response. Given this risk, configured in Covid-19 disease, the elaboration and updating of the contingency plan were fundamental in the organization of intervention actions in reality and generation of appropriate responses to this pandemic. (AU)

Chemical composition, kinetics of degradation, and digestibility of forage of different purpose sorghum cultivars / Composição bromatológica, cinética de degradação e digestibilidade de forragem de cultivares de sorgo de distintas aptidões

The aim of the study was to identify suitability of different purpose sorghum cultivars for silage production and for green chopping, at the first and second season, based on the chemical composition and degradation kinetics. The experiment was based on a randomized block design with four replicates, with sowing in the months of November and March, as the first and second season, respectively. The trial was conducted at the Plant Production Sector of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste campus, and chemical analyses were performed at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba campus. The treatments comprised six sorghum hybrids of different purposes (BRS 308 and BRS 310, grain sorghum; BRS 655 and BRS 610, forage sorghum; BRS 506 and CMSXS 647, sweet sorghum). The chemical composition, digestibility, and kinetic parameters were evaluated. At the first season, there was a higher digestibility (P < 0.0001) for sweet sorghum BRS 506, while for the second season, both grain sorghum BRS 308 and sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 presented higher digestibility (P = 0.0005). Considering the nutritional value, all sorghum cultivars have the potential to produce silage, or to be used as green chop, at the first and second season.(AU)

Objetivou-se identificar, com base na composição bromatológica e cinética de degradação, híbridos de sorgo de diferentes propósitos para produção de silagem e para verde picado em primeira e segunda safra, no sul de Rondônia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi realizado Setor de Produção Vegetal do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Campus Colorado do Oeste, e as análises bromatológicas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Nutrição Animal da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá, em primeira e segunda safra, com semeadura nos meses de novembro e março, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis híbridos de sorgo de diferentes aptidões (BRS 308 e BRS 310, graníferos; BRS 655 e BRS 610, forrageiros; BRS 506 e CMSXS 647, sacarinos). As variáveis avaliadas foram a composição bromatológica, a digestibilidade e parâmetros cinéticos. Na primeira safra, observou-se maior digestibilidade (P <0,0001) para o sorgo sacarino BRS 506. Na segunda safra, evidenciou-se maior digestibilidade (P = 0,0005) em cultivares de sorgo sacarino e no sorgo granífero BRS 308. As cultivares de sorgo sacarino apresentaram maior digestibilidade, com maior proporção de proteína potencialmente digestível, com bom potencial de uso para ensilagem. Considerando o valor nutritivo, todas as cultivares de sorgo tem potencial para a produção de silagem e para verde picado em primeira e segunda safra.(AU)

Dynamic of the structural alteration of biochar in ancient Anthrosol over a long timescale by Raman spectroscopy.

The presence of biochar with high carbon accumulation capacity and nutrient adsorption is causally associated with archeological soils. Although this type of soil organic matter has been known for a long time, the knowledge of its structure and environmental behavior is still limited. This work used Raman spectroscopy to obtain structural information and identify alterations in biochar particles. To this end, we studied biochar particles found in an archaeological site with a temporal window lasting 12451 to 11080 yr cal BP. The molecular, structural and sp2/sp3 characteristics of the charcoal particles were determined at the time of burning and associated with the temperature, time and characteristics of the burnt material. We propose that the process of oxidation of the biochar occurs during the first 2000 years after its genesis. The oxidation process is a reflection of decreases in the number of defects related to sp2 bonds on amorphous carbons and increases in the number of defects associated with ionic impurities, which clearly indicate the interaction between biochar particles and the soil matrix. The data confirm the hypothesis that the persistence of biochar in the environment is due to its graphite structure and suggest that over a 12000 year timeframe, biochar particles undergo several changes that occur in the disordered phase and are rapidly oxidized.