Nutrition and continuous nursing intervention following radical resection of esophageal cancer in a patient after liver transplantation: a case report.

Background: Reasonable nutritional intervention is very important to promote wound healing and rehabilitation in patients with radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. This report aims to summarize the experience of nutritional and continuous nursing intervention in a patient who underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer after liver transplantation, by testing a comprehensive approach to optimize nursing plans in similar clinical practice. We hope that the implementation of home enteral nutrition can improve the nutrition status and quality of life of postoperative patients. Case Description: A patient with liver transplantation was admitted to The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University for postoperative care. The nursing intervention were subsequently summarized and analyzed. In July 2023, the patient successfully underwent radical resection for esophageal cancer. Following the operation, the patient received regular medication and on-site nutritional intervention with the consent of her family. At discharge, the prealbumin, albumin, total protein and hemoglobin values of the patient were low, and body weight was 91 kg. The patient's nutritional risk screening (NRS2022) score was 5 points, and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score was 4 points. After discharge, the patient continued to receive family enteral nutrition treatment, dietary guidance and psychological nursing. A follow-up review conducted 4 weeks after discharge showed improvements in the patient's NRS2022, albumin, total protein, hemoglobin, and body weight. Conclusions: Strengthening postoperative nutritional intervention are vital for promoting rehabilitation in patients who undergo radical resection of esophageal cancer after liver transplantation.

Regulation of Hippo/YAP axis in colon cancer progression by the deubiquitinase JOSD1.

Colon cancer is a prevalent malignancy, while recent studies revealed the dys-regulation of Hippo signaling as the important driver for colon cancer progression. Several studies have indicated that post-translational modifications on YAP play crucial roles in both Hippo signaling activity and cancer progression. This raises a puzzling question about why YAP/TAZ, an auto-inhibitory pathway, is frequently over-activated in colon cancer, despite the suppressive cascade of Hippo signaling remaining operational. The protein stability of YAP is subject to a tiny balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes. Through correlation analysis of DUBs (deubiquitinases) expression and Hippo target gene signature in colon cancer samples, we found JOSD1 as a critical deubiquitinase for Hippo signaling and colon cancer progression. JOSD1 could facilitate colon cancer progression and in colon cancer, inhibition of JOSD1 via shRNA has been demonstrated to impede tumorigenesis. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies have elucidated that JOSD1 enhances the formation of the Hippo/YAP transcriptome by impeding K48-linked polyubiquitination on YAP. ChIP assays have shown that YAP binds to JOSD1's promoter region, promoting its gene transcription. These results suggest that JOSD1 is involved in both activating and being targeted by the Hippo signaling pathway in colon cancer. Consequently, a positive regulatory loop between JOSD1 and Hippo signaling has been identified, underscoring their interdependence during colon cancer progression. Thus, targeting JOSD1 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for managing colon cancer.

Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with and without tibial tubercle osteotomy in patellar instability: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To confirm which method provides lower rate of recurrent instability and superior clinical outcomes. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for the trials involving one intervention or both for patellar instability: medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) with and without tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO). The postoperative Kujala score, Lysholm score, Tegner scores and the rate of recurrent instability (dislocation or subluxation) were analyzed as the primary clinical outcome parameters in a random or fixed effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: In total, 43 articles met inclusion criteria after full-text review. A total of 2046 patients were analyzed. The overall mean age was 20.3 years (range, 9.5-60.0 years), with a mean follow-up time of 3.2 years (range, 1-8 years). The mean Kujala scores in MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO were 89.04 and 84.44, respectively. There was significant difference in Kujala scores between MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO (MD = 4.60, 95%CI: 1.07-8.13; P = 0.01). The mean Lysholm scores in MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO were 90.59 and 88.14, respectively. There was no significant difference in Lysholm scores between MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO (MD = 2.45, 95%CI: -3.20-8.10; P = 0.40). The mean Tegner scores in MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO were 5.30 and 4.88, respectively. There was no significant difference in Tegner scores between MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO (MD = 0.42, 95%CI: -0.39-1.23; P = 0.31). At final follow-up, the rates of recurrent instability in MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO were 3% and 4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rates between MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.96-1.02; P = 0.4848). CONCLUSION: MPFLR and MPFLR + TTO are effective and reliable treatments in the setting of patellofemoral instability. MPFLR seems to show a better performance in functional outcomes than MPFLR + TTO. Moreover, their rates of recurrent instability are very low, and no significant difference exists.

Advancing bladder cancer management: development of a prognostic model and personalized therapy.

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) was recognized as a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The influence of molecular subtypes on treatment outcomes was well-acknowledged, necessitating further exploration of their characterization and application. This study was aimed at enhancing the understanding of BLCA by mapping its molecular heterogeneity and developing a robust prognostic model using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data. Additionally, immunological characteristics and personalized treatment strategies were investigated through the risk score. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GSE135337 and bulk RNA-seq data from several sources, including GSE13507, GSE31684, GSE32894, GSE69795, and TCGA-BLCA, were utilized. Molecular subtypes, particularly the basal-squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype associated with poor prognosis, were identified. A prognostic model was constructed using LASSO and Cox regression analyses focused on genes linked with the Ba/Sq subtype. this model was validated across internal and external datasets to ensure predictive accuracy. High- and low-risk groups based on the risk score derived from TCGA-BLCA data were analyzed to examine their immune-related molecular profiles and treatment responses. Results: Six molecular subtypes were identified, with the Ba/Sq subtype being consistently associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic model, based on basal-squamous subtype-related genes (BSSRGs), was shown to have strong predictive performance across diverse clinical settings with AUC values at 1, 3, and 5 years indicating robust predictability in training, testing, and entire datasets. Analysis of the different risk groups revealed distinct immune infiltration and microenvironments. Generally higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) scores and lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores were exhibited by the low-risk group, suggesting varied potentials for systemic drug response between the groups. Finally, significant differences in potential systemic drug response rates were also observed between risk groups. Conclusions: The study introduced and validated a new prognostic model for BLCA based on BSSRGs, which was proven effective in prognosis prediction. The potential for personalized therapy, optimized by patient stratification and immune profiling, was highlighted by our risk score, aiming to improve treatment efficacy. This approach was promised to offer significant advancements in managing BLCA, tailoring treatments based on detailed molecular and immunological insights.

The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma.

Gap junction protein beta 3 (GJB3) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in most tumors. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of GJB3 in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of LUAD patients. The data used in this study were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and imvigor210 cohorts. We found that GJB3 expression was increased in LUAD patients and correlated with LUAD stages. LUAD patients with high GJB3 expression exhibited a worse prognosis. A total of 164 pathways were significantly activated in the GJB3 high group. GJB3 expression was positively associated with nine transcription factors and might be negatively regulated by hsa-miR-6511b-5p. Finally, we found that immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression were different between the GJB3 high and GJB3 low groups. In summary. GJB3 demonstrated high expression levels in LUAD patients, and those with elevated GJB3 expression displayed unfavorable prognoses. Additionally, there was a correlation between GJB3 and immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint expression in LUAD patients.

Criterion-Related Validity of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Questionnaire Among Children and Adolescents in Malaysia.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of dietary sugar, and their consumption is on the rise among children and adolescents. Excessive sugar intake is a significant contributor to overweight, obesity, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The consumption of SSBs, particularly that of children and adolescents, has been of interest as of late, as they are implicated in affecting body weight status. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the predictive criterion-related validity of the SSB questionnaire that was administered to children and adolescents to assess their SSB and non-SSB intake. A nationwide cross-sectional study involving 5211 respondents aged 7-17 years old and their parents was conducted. The self-administered Malay questionnaire was distributed to collect information on socioeconomic background, the frequency of eating out at restaurants or other food premises, the availability of SSBs at home, and SSB consumption patterns of children and adolescents within a week. The predictive criterion-related validity was determined by using six hypotheses that can differentiate between two independent sample means of SSB consumption based on age, gender, locality, monthly household income, frequency of eating out at restaurants or other food premises, and availability of SSBs at home. The independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to conduct the validation process. Five out of six hypotheses were accepted. Significant mean differences were observed between sociodemographic factors, such as age (t=-10.56, p<0.001), localities (t=-5.37, p<0.001), monthly household income (F=26.83, p<0.001), and SSB consumption. Behavioural factors, including eating out at restaurants or other food premises (t=9.93, p<0.001) and environmental factors such as the availability of SSBs at home (F=136.24, p<0.001) also showed a significant difference with SSB consumption. The SSB questionnaire demonstrated the ability to differentiate between groups. Thus, this SSB questionnaire appears to be valid to measure the SSB consumption of children and adolescents.

YAP represses the TEAD-NF-κB complex and inhibits the growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

The Hippo pathway is generally understood to inhibit tumor growth by phosphorylating the transcriptional cofactor YAP to sequester it to the cytoplasm and reduce the formation of YAP-TEAD transcriptional complexes. Aberrant activation of YAP occurs in various cancers. However, we found a tumor-suppressive function of YAP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Using cell cultures, xenografts, and patient-derived explant models, we found that the inhibition of upstream Hippo-pathway kinases MST1 and MST2 or expression of a constitutively active YAP mutant impeded ccRCC proliferation and decreased gene expression mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB. Mechanistically, the NF-κB subunit p65 bound to the transcriptional cofactor TEAD to facilitate NF-κB-target gene expression that promoted cell proliferation. However, by competing for TEAD, YAP disrupted its interaction with NF-κB and prompted the dissociation of p65 from target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional programs. This cross-talk between the Hippo and NF-κB pathways in ccRCC suggests that targeting the Hippo-YAP axis in an atypical manner-that is, by activating YAP-may be a strategy for slowing tumor growth in patients.

Reliability Risk Mitigation in Advanced Packages by Aging-Induced Precipitation of Bi in Water-Quenched Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi Solder.

Bi-doped Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) microelectronic solder is gaining attention for its utility as a material for solder joints that connect substrates to printed circuit boards (PCB) in future advanced packages, as Bi-doped SAC is reported to have a lower melting temperature, higher strength, higher wettability on conducting pads, and lower intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the solder-pad interface. As solder joints are subjected to aging during their service life, an investigation of aging-induced changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the solder alloy is needed before its wider acceptance in advanced packages. This study focuses on the effects of 1 to 3 wt.% Bi doping in an Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloy on aging-induced changes in hardness and creep resistance for samples prepared by high cooling rates (>5 °C/s). The specimens were aged at ambient and elevated temperatures for up to 90 days and subjected to quasistatic nanoindentation to determine hardness and nanoscale dynamic nanoindentation to determine creep behavior. The microstructural evolution was investigated with a scanning electron microscope in tandem with energy-dispersive spectroscopy to correlate with aging-induced property changes. The hardness and creep strength of the samples were found to increase as the Bi content increased. Moreover, the hardness and creep strength of the 0-1 wt.% Bi-doped SAC305 was significantly reduced with aging, while that of the 2-3 wt.% Bi-doped SAC305 increased with aging. The changes in these properties with aging were correlated to the interplay of multiple hardening and softening mechanisms. In particular, for 2-3 wt.% Bi, the enhanced performance was attributed to the potential formation of additional Ag3Sn IMCs with aging due to non-equilibrium solidification and the more uniform distribution of Bi precipitates. The observations that 2-3 wt.% Bi enhances the hardness and creep strength of the SAC305 alloy with isothermal aging to mitigate reliability risks is relevant for solder samples prepared using high cooling rates.

Photocarrier tunneling triggering CO2 photocatalysis.

Solar CO2 reduction to renewable hydrocarbon fuels offers a promising pathway to carbon neutrality, but it is retarded by tough CO2 activation, complicated mechanisms, sluggish charge transport kinetics, and a scarcity of strategies for precise tuning of charge transport pathways. Herein, we first conceptually design a novel insulating polymer-mediated electron-tunneling artificial photosystem via progressive interface configuration regulation, wherein tailor-made Ag@citrate nanocrystals (NCs) are controllably self-assembled on transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) assisted by an ultrathin insulating polymer interim layer, i.e., poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). In this multilayered nano-architecture, a solid ultra-thin insulating PAH interim layer serves as an unexpected charge tunneling mediator to stimulate smooth electron transfer from the TMC substrate to the terminal electron reservoirs of Ag@citrate NCs, engendering the tandem charge transfer route and significantly boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2-to-syngas conversion performances. Furthermore, we have ascertained that such TMC-insulating polymer-metal NC tunneling photosystems are universal. This study would spark new inspiration for unleashing the long-term neglected charge tunneling capability of insulating polymers and diversifying non-conjugated polymer-based artificial photosystems for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

Treatment pattern among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who had received pomalidomide-based regimens in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The treatment landscape of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is rapidly evolving in Taiwan. The present study aimed to assess the treatment patterns among RRMM patients in Taiwan. METHODS: This retrospective, chart review-based, non-interventional study collected data on RRMM patients (≥20 years old) receiving pomalidomide-based treatment between January 2017 and December 2020 across five sites in Taiwan. RESULTS: Median age of the study population was 65.6 years. Approximately 75% patients received a doublet regimen and 25% were on a triplet regimen. Disease progression was the most common cause for switching to pomalidomide-based treatments in doublet (71.2%) and triplet (58.3%) groups. Patients in doublet and triplet groups (>80%) received 4 mg pomalidomide as a starting dose. Overall response rate (ORR: 31.5% and 45.8%) and median progression-free survival (PFS: 4.7 and 6.8 months) were reported in the doublet and triplet regimen. Doublet regimen was discontinued mainly due to disease progression or death (78.1%); however, triplet regimen patients mainly terminated their treatment due to reimbursement limitations (29.2%). Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) was comparable between doublet and triplet groups. CONCLUSION: In Taiwan, half of RRMM patients received pomalidomide-based triplet regimens. Triplet regimens showed a trend towards better outcomes with longer PFS and higher response rates compared to doublets. Notably, the duration of triplet use is influenced by reimbursement limitations. This study provides insight into RRMM treatment patterns in Taiwan and the findings suggest that triplet regimens may be a better alternative than doublet regimens.

The impact of post-activation potentiation on explosive vertical jump after intermittent time: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

The optimal intermittent time for post-activation potentiation (PAP) training remains uncertain and contentious. This study employed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effect of different intermittent times on PAP in relation to explosive vertical jump height. Relevant literature was sourced from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as "postactivation potentiation," "activation enhancement effect," "PAP," "explosive vertical jump," "explosive vertical high jump," and "intermittent time." The search covered publications from the inception of each database until June 2024. Studies involving athletes (regardless of sport type) undergoing PAP training were included, with no restrictions on the methods used to induce PAP. Comparative analysis focused on the heights of countermovement jumps (CMJ) and peak ground reaction force (GRF) before and after interventions. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and data were analyzed using RevMan5.3. The study included a total of 21 papers with 327 subjects, primarily using the squat as the method of PAP induction. The meta-analysis revealed that intermittent times of 4 min [MD = - 0.03, 95% CI: - 0.04 ~ - 0.01; Z = 2.71, P = 0.007] and 5-8 min [MD = - 0.03, 95% CI: - 0.04 ~ - 0.01; Z = 3.07, P = 0.002] significantly increased the height of explosive vertical CMJs. However, intermittent times of 1-3 min [MD = -0.00, 95% CI: - 0.01 ~ 0.01; Z = 0.38, P = 0.70] and 10-24 min [MD = - 0.01, 95% CI: - 0.02 ~ 0.00; Z = 1.43, P = 0.15] did not show significant effects on CMJ height. These findings indicate that 4-min and 5-8 min intervals significantly enhance CMJ height, while intervals shorter than 4 min or longer than 8 min do not have a significant impact.

Molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury repair across vertebrates: A comparative review.

In humans and other adult mammals, axon regeneration is difficult in axotomized neurons. Therefore, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to permanent loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration in vertebrates are not very well understood, and currently, no effective treatment is available for SCI. In striking contrast to adult mammals, many nonmammalian vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes and lampreys can spontaneously resume locomotion even after complete SCI. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable information on SCI. In this review, we aimed to provide a comparison of axon regeneration process across classical model organisms, focusing on crucial genes and signalling pathways that play significant roles in the regeneration of individually identifiable descending neurons after SCI. Considering the special evolutionary location and powerful regenerative ability of lamprey and zebrafish, they will be the key model organisms for ongoing studies on spinal cord regeneration. Detailed study of SCI in these model organisms will help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuron regeneration across species.

Causal effects for neurodegenerative diseases on the risk of myocardial infarction: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and myocardial infarction (MI), yet the precise causal relationship between these remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal associations of genetically predicted Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) with MI using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). Various methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed to estimate the effects of genetically predicted NDDs on MI. To validate the analysis, we assessed pleiotropic effects, heterogeneity, and conducted leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. We identified that genetic predisposition to NDDs was suggestively associated with higher odds of MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.08, OR_WM=1.07, OR_weighted mode=1.07, OR_simple mode=1.10, all P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed significant associations of genetically predicted DLB with MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.11, OR_WM=1.09, OR_weighted mode=1.09, all P<0.05). However, there was no significant causal evidence of genetically predicted PD and MS in MI. Across all MR analyses, no horizontal pleiotropy or statistical heterogeneity was observed (all P>0.05). Additionally, results from MRPRESSO and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the causal effect estimations for genetically predicted AD, DLB, PD, and MS on MI. This study provides further support for the causal effects of AD on MI and, for the first time, establishes robust causal evidence for the detrimental effect of DLB on the risk of MI. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular function of the elderly experiencing neurodegenerative changes.

Characteristics of precipitation changes during tropical cyclone processes in China from 1980 to 2019.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and their associated intense rainfall are among the most significant natural disasters. Exploring the characteristics of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) has always been a challenging issue in TC research. This study utilized the TC track data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship and precipitation data from the multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation covering the years 1980-2019, to examine shifts in precipitation rates and peak precipitation levels before and after TC landfall. The results highlight several key findings: (1) Precipitation during the TC landfall process is relatively stable beforehand but tends to decrease slightly after landfall. Generally, the maximum precipitation occurs during the landfall. (2) From 1980 to 2019, the rate of precipitation changes before landfall has significantly increased. Conversely, after the year 2000, the rate of precipitation changes after landfall has significantly decreased. (3) Over the past 40 years, while peak precipitation levels of landfalling TCs have remained relatively constant, the total precipitation has shown an increasing trend, particularly in regions like the main island of Hainan, southern Zhejiang, and Shanghai, which are characterized by high peak precipitation. The results help clarify the TC processes and provide reference points for parameter selection in regional TCP modeling.

Unraveling the role of Mn(V)/Mn(III) in the enhanced permanganate oxidation under Vis-LED radiation.

A novel approach of visible light-emitting diode (Vis-LED) radiation was employed to activate permanganate (Mn(VII)) for efficient organic micropollutant (OMP) removal. The degradation rates of OMPs by Vis-LED/Mn(VII) were 2-5.29 times higher than those by Mn(VII) except for benzoic acid and atrazine. Increasing wavelengths (445-525 nm) suppressed the degradation of diclofenac (DCF) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) owing to the decreased quantum yields of Mn(VII). Comparatively, light intensity and Mn(VII) dosage had a positive effect on the degradation of DCF and 4-CP. Experimental data revealed that Mn(V) dominated the DCF degradation whereas Mn(III) was the active oxidant in the 4-CP degradation. Mn(V) and Mn(III) formed from the photo-decomposition of Mn(VII), meanwhile, Mn(III) also formed from the Mn(V) photo-decomposition. The increase in solution pH inhibited DCF degradation but had a positive impact on 4-CP degradation, mainly due to the changing speciation of DCF and 4-CP. Inorganic anions (Cl- and HCO3-) had little impact on DCF and 4-CP degradation, while humic acid (HA) showed a positive impact because of the π-π interaction between HA and DCF/4-CP. The transformation products of DCF and 4-CP were identified and transformation pathways were proposed. Finally, the Vis-LED/Mn(VII) exhibited great degradation performance in various authentic waters. Overall, this study boosts the development of Mn(VII)-based oxidation processes.

LEUTX regulates porcine embryonic genome activation in somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos.

Emerging evidence highlights the regulatory role of paired-like (PRD-like) homeobox transcription factors (TFs) in embryonic genome activation (EGA). However, the majority of PRD-like genes are lost in rodents, thus prompting an investigation into PRD-like TFs in other mammals. Here, we showed that PRD-like TFs were transiently expressed during EGA in human, monkey, and porcine fertilized embryos, yet they exhibited inadequate expression in their cloned embryos. This study, using pig as the research model, identified LEUTX as a key PRD-like activator of porcine EGA through genomic profiling and found that LEUTX overexpression restored EGA failure and improved preimplantation development and cloning efficiency in porcine cloned embryos. Mechanistically, LEUTX opened EGA-related genomic regions and established histone acetylation via recruiting acetyltransferases p300 and KAT2A. These findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of LEUTX to govern EGA in pigs, which may provide valuable insights into the study of early embryo development for other non-rodent mammals.

Matching periodate peak absorbance by far UVC at 222 nm promotes the degradation of micropollutants and energy efficiency.

Periodate (PI)-based advanced oxidation processes have gained increasing interest. This study for the first time elevates the light-activation capacity of PI by using far UVC at 222 nm (UV222/PI) without extra chemical inputs. The effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms of UV222/PI for the remediation of micropollutants were studied by selecting atenolol (ATL) as a representative. PI possessed a high molar absorption coefficient of 9480-6120 M-1 cm-1 at 222 nm in the pH range of 5.0-9.0, and it was rapidly decomposed by UV222 with first-order rate constants of 0.0055 to 0.002 s-1. ATL and the six other organic compounds were effectively degraded by the UV222/PI process under different conditions with the fluence-based rate constants generally two to hundred times higher than by UVA photolysis. Hydroxyl radical and ozone were confirmed as the major contributors to ATL degradation, while direct photolysis also played a role at higher pH or lower PI dosages. Degradation pathways of ATL were proposed including hydroxylation, demethylation, and oxidation. The high energy efficiency of the UV222/PI process was also confirmed. This study provides a cost-effective and convenient approach to enhance PI light-response activity for the treatment of micropollutants.

The Role and Clinical Relevance of Glycolysis-Associated Genes on Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge with dismal survival rates, necessitating a deeper understanding of its molecular mechanisms and the development of improved therapies. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly heightened glycolysis, plays a crucial role in HCC progression. Glycolysis-associated genes (GAGs) emerge as key players in HCC pathogenesis, influencing the tumor microenvironment and immune responses. This study aims to investigate the intricate interplay between GAGs and the immune landscape within HCC, offering valuable insights into potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance treatment strategies and patient outcomes. Through the exploration of GAGs, we have identified two distinct molecular glycolytic subtypes in HCC patients, each exhibiting significant differences in both the immune microenvironment and prognosis. A risk model comprising five key GAGs was formulated and subsequently evaluated for their predictive accuracy. Our findings underscore the diverse tumor microenvironment and immune responses associated with the varying glycolytic subtypes observed in HCC. The identified key GAGs hold promise as prognostic indicators for evaluating HCC risk levels, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding clinical treatment decisions, particularly in the context of anticipating responses to immunotherapy drugs.

The establishment of a multiple myeloma clinical registry in the Asia-Pacific region: The Asia-Pacific Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (APAC MRDR).

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological cancer worldwide. Along with related diseases including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) and plasmacytoma, MM incidence is rising, yet it remains incurable and represents a significant disease burden. Clinical registries can provide important information on management and outcomes, and are vital platforms for clinical trials and other research. The Asia-Pacific Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (APAC MRDR) was developed to monitor and explore variation in epidemiology, treatment regimens and their impact on clinical outcomes across this region. Here we describe the registry's design and development, initial data, progress and future plans. METHODS: The APAC MRDR was established in 2018 as a multicentre collaboration across the Asia-Pacific, collecting prospective data on patients newly diagnosed with MM, MGUS, PCL and plasmacytoma in Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan, with China recently joining. Development of the registry required a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, researchers, legal and information technology support, and financial resources, as well as local clinical context from key opinion leaders in the APAC region. Written informed consent is obtained and data are routinely collected throughout treatment by hospital staff. Data are stored securely, meeting all local privacy and ethics requirements. Data were collected from October 2018 to March 2024. RESULTS: Over 1700 patients from 24 hospitals have been enrolled onto the APAC MRDR to date, with the majority (86%) being newly diagnosed with MM. Bortezomib with an immunomodulatory drug was most frequently used in first-line MM therapy, and lenalidomide-based therapy was most common in second-line. Establishment and implementation challenges include regulatory and a range of operational issues. CONCLUSION: The APAC MRDR is providing 'real-world' data to participating sites, clinicians and policy-makers to explore factors influencing outcomes and survival, and to support high quality studies. It is already a valuable resource that will continue to grow and support research and clinical collaboration in MM and related diseases across the APAC region.

Photo-assisted natural chalcopyrite activated peracetic acid for efficient micropollutant degradation.

The effective activation of natural chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) on peracetic acid (PAA) to remove organic micropollutants was studied under visible light irradiation. Results showed than an effective sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation (95.0 %) was achieved under visible light irradiation for 30 min at pH 7.0. Quenching experiments, electron spin resonance analysis, and LC/MS spectrum demonstrated that HO• and CH3C(O)OO• were the main reactive species for SMX degradation, accounting for 43.3 % and 56.7 % of the contributions, respectively. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the photoelectrons generated on CuFeS2 activated by visible light enhanced the Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ cycles on the surface, thereby activating PAA to generate HO•/CH3C(O)OO•. The removal rate of SMX decreased with the increase in wavelengths, due to the formation of low energy photons at longer wavelengths. Besides, the optimal pH for degradation of SMX by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED process was neutral, which was attributed to the increasing easily activated anionic form of PAA during the increase in pH and the depletion of Fe species at alkaline conditions. Cl-, HCO3-, and HA slightly inhibited SMX degradation because of reactive species being quenched and/or shielding effect. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of different pollutants by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED was also measured, and the removal efficiency was different owing to the selectivity of CH3C(O)OO•. Finally, the process exhibited good applicability in real waters. Overall, this study provides new insight into visible light-catalyzed activation of PAA and suggests on further exploration of the intrinsic activation mechanism of PAA.