A germline-targeted genetic screen for xrn-2 suppressors identifies a novel gene C34C12.2 in Caenorhabditis elegans.

XRN2 is an evolutionarily conserved 5'-to-3' exoribonuclease, which degrades or trims various types of RNA in the nucleus. Although XRN-2 is essential for embryogenesis, larval development and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans, relevant molecular pathways remain unidentified. Here we create a germline-specific xrn-2 conditional mutant and perform a mutagenesis screen for suppressors of sterility. Loss-of-function alleles of dpy-10, osr-1, ptr-6 and C34C12.2 genes are identified. Depletion of DPY-10, OSR-1 or PTR-6 increases expression of gpdh-1 that encodes a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, thereby elevates glycerol accumulation to suppress sterility of the mutant. The C34C12.2 protein is predominantly localized in the nucleolus of germ cells and shows a similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Net1, which is involved in rDNA silencing. Depletion of NRDE-2, a putative interacting partner of C34C12.2 and a component of the nuclear RNAi machinery, restores fertility to the xrn-2 conditional mutant. These results may help to identify an essential role of XRN-2 in germline development.

Clinical Investigation of Congenital Factor Affecting Craniofacial Morphology of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in Japanese Patients

Objective: To evaluate the craniofacial morphology of Japanese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and to evaluate the multiple congenital factors that affects craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Material and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 140 subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate were taken before any orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone graft. Subjects mean age was 6.85 ±1.56 years. Primary surgeries performed by surgeons from Hokkaido University Hospital. The craniofacial morphology of the 140 subjects was assessed by angular and linear cephalometric measurements. Gender, side of cleft, complete/incomplete type of cleft, presence/absence of lateral incisor in the affected side, family history of cleft and family history of skeletal Class III was chosen as congenital factors. To compare the assessments using congenital factors affecting craniofacial morphology in the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects, angular and linear cephalometric measured values from each individual subject (control group) were converted into Z scores in relation to the means and standard deviation of the two parameters. Results: Twelve out of 13 craniofacial morphology outcomes were insignificant in 5 out of 6 dependent variables. Only 1 dependent variable showed 3/13 significant differences. Conclusion: Current study revealed the evidence that there were almost no significant differences in the craniofacial morphology outcome among various congenital factors. This will provide base line information and help determine the effectiveness of such factors.

Treatment Outcome Based on GOSLON Score of Multiple Factors in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children of Four Different Ethnic

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of each congenital and postnatal treatment factors in treatment outcome based on dental arch relationship (DAR) of four different populations at a time using GOSLON yardstick. Material and Methods: 432 unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (Japanese, Malay ethnic group, Bangladeshi and Pakistani populations) age 5 to 12 years were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The DAR was assessed by GOSLON Yardstick. Independent t-test was performed to compare the GOSLON score for each factors. A multiple comparison (Anova) was also conducted between the GOSLON score of four different populations. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Statistically no significant different was found among the congenital factors. However, the family history of Class III malocclusion showed most likely to associate with, though there was no significant difference (p=0.069). Significant difference revealed between two techniques of cheiloplasty in both Malay ethnic group and Pakistani population (p=0.038 and p=0.000, respectively). Gender and Techniques of palatoplasty also showed significant difference in Pakistani population (p=0.026 and p=0.000, respectively). Japanese and Bangladeshi population showed no significant differences. Also no significant differences found between the GOSLON score and different countries. Conclusion: The treatment outcome based on DAR significantly varies in individual population [Malay ethnic group (cheiloplasty); Pakistan (gender, cheiloplasty and palatoplasty)].

The role of the Eu3+ concentration on the SrMoO4:Eu phosphor properties: synthesis, characterization and photophysical studies.

SrMoO(4) doped with rare earth are still scarce nowadays and have attracted great attention due to their applications as scintillating materials in electro-optical like solid-state lasers and optical fibers, for instance. In this work Sr(1-x)Eu(x)MoO(4) powders, where x=0.01; 0.03 and 0.05, were synthesized by Complex Polymerization (CP) Method. The structural and optical properties of the SrMoO(4):Eu(3+) were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, and through Photoluminescent Measurements (PL). Only a crystalline scheelite-type phase was obtained when the powders were heat-treated at 800 °C for 2 h, 2θ=27.8° (100% peak). The excitation spectra of the SrMoO(4):Eu(3+) (λ(Em.)=614 nm) presented the characteristic band of the Eu(3+5)L(6) transition at 394 nm and a broad band at around 288 nm ascribed to the charge-transfer from the O (2p) state to the Mo (4d) one in the SrMoO(4) matrix. The emission spectra of the SrMoO(4):Eu(3+) powders (λ(Exc.)=394 and 288 nm) show the group of sharp emission bands among 523-554 nm and 578-699 nm, assigned to the (5)D(1)→(7)F(0,1 and 2) and (5)D(0)→(7)F(0,1,2,3 and 4), respectively. The band related to the (5)D(0)→(7)F(0) transition indicates the presence of Eu(3+) site without inversion center. This hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that the band referent to the (5)D(0)→(7)F(2) transition is the most intense in the emission spectra.

Uso del verapamil en arritmias durante la anestesia general con halothano. Analisis hemodinamico. / Use of verapamil in arrhythmia during general anesthesia with halothane. Hemodynamic analysis

Se estudio en 16 perros sometidos a anestesia general con halothano el efecto hemodinamico y la actividad antiarritmica del verapamil en las arritmias inducidas por la infusion endovenosa de adrenalina (5 ug/kg/min.). Se observo que el verapamil (0,2 mg/kg) administrado en cinco minutos reduce la resistencia vascular periferica (RVP), aumenta el volumen sistolico (VS) y el volumen minuto (VM), reduce la frecuencia cardiaca (FC), no altera el dP/d/T, prolonga el segmento PR, reduce discretamente la presion arterial (PA) y el consumo de O2 por el miocardio. En dosis de 0.5 mg/kg administrado en 15 min. se observa una caida acentuada de la PA, RVP, FC y del dP/d/T sin alterarse el volumen minuto. La aparicion del bloqueo AV de segundo grado (2:1) en los animales refleja una gran depresion de la conduccion auriculo-ventricular, no reversible por la atropina pero si con adrenalina. Tanto con 0.2 como con 0.5 mg/kg el verapamil fue bastante eficaz en la prevension de las arritmias. Se concluye que el verapamil en dosis de 0.2 mg/kg previene las arritmias de origen adrenergico durante la anestesia con halothano no provocando depresion cardiocirculatoria significativa

Uso del verapamil en arritmias durante la anestesia general con halothano. Analisis hemodinamico. / Use of verapamil in arrhythmia during general anesthesia with halothane. Hemodynamic analysis

Se estudio en 16 perros sometidos a anestesia general con halothano el efecto hemodinamico y la actividad antiarritmica del verapamil en las arritmias inducidas por la infusion endovenosa de adrenalina (5 ug/kg/min.). Se observo que el verapamil (0,2 mg/kg) administrado en cinco minutos reduce la resistencia vascular periferica (RVP), aumenta el volumen sistolico (VS) y el volumen minuto (VM), reduce la frecuencia cardiaca (FC), no altera el dP/d/T, prolonga el segmento PR, reduce discretamente la presion arterial (PA) y el consumo de O2 por el miocardio. En dosis de 0.5 mg/kg administrado en 15 min. se observa una caida acentuada de la PA, RVP, FC y del dP/d/T sin alterarse el volumen minuto. La aparicion del bloqueo AV de segundo grado (2:1) en los animales refleja una gran depresion de la conduccion auriculo-ventricular, no reversible por la atropina pero si con adrenalina. Tanto con 0.2 como con 0.5 mg/kg el verapamil fue bastante eficaz en la prevension de las arritmias. Se concluye que el verapamil en dosis de 0.2 mg/kg previene las arritmias de origen adrenergico durante la anestesia con halothano no provocando depresion cardiocirculatoria significativa