What Are Women Told When Requesting Family Planning Services at Clinics Associated with Catholic Hospitals? A Mystery Caller Study.

CONTEXT: Catholic Church directives restrict family planning service provision at Catholic health care institutions. It is unclear whether obstetrics and gynecology clinics that are owned by or have business affiliations with Catholic hospitals offer family planning appointments. METHODS: Mystery callers phoned 144 clinics nationwide that were found on Catholic hospital websites between December 2014 and February 2016, and requested appointments for birth control generally, copper IUD services specifically, tubal ligation and abortion. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests assessed potential correlates of appointment availability, and multivariable logistic regressions were computed if bivariate testing suggested multiple correlates. RESULTS: Although 95% of clinics would schedule birth control appointments, smaller proportions would schedule appointments for copper IUDs (68%) or tubal ligation (58%); only 2% would schedule an abortion. Smaller proportions of Catholic-owned than of Catholic-affiliated clinics would schedule appointments for birth control (84% vs. 100%), copper IUDs (4% vs. 97%) and tubal ligation (29% vs. 72%); for birth control and copper IUD services, no other clinic characteristics were related to appointment availability. Multivariable analysis confirmed that tubal ligation appointments were less likely to be offered at Catholic-owned than at Catholic-affiliated clinics (odds ratio. 0.1); location and association with one of the top 10 Catholic health care systems also were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to church directives is inconsistent at Catholic-associated clinics. Women visiting such clinics who want highly effective methods may need to rely on less effective methods or delay method uptake while seeking services elsewhere.

Use of a levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system with supplemental estrogen improves symptoms in perimenopausal women: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare perimenopausal symptomatology using a levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) + low-dose transdermal estradiol (TDE) with LNG-IUS alone. METHODS: The trial was a double-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial. Regularly cycling women aged 38 to 52 years, with at least one self-reported symptom (hot flashes, bloating, headache, adverse mood, or poor sleep), were randomized to either LNG-IUS + low-dose TDE gel (intervention) or LNG-IUS alone (control). TDE was administered once daily as a 0.06% gel containing 0.75 mg of TDE for 50 days. LNG-IUS was placed at least 90 days before TDE or placebo gel treatment to assure stable circulating LNG. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD), Hot Flash Related Daily Interference scale (HFRDIS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at the time of LNG-IUS placement, at 90 days (the time of randomization to TDE/placebo), and 140 days (end of study). TDE and placebo groups were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Thirty-eight women aged 42.9 ±â€Š2.7 years, with a mean BMI of 24.7 ±â€Š3.3 kg/m², were enrolled; 20 were randomized to TDE. Women receiving TDE had significantly improved FSS scores between days 90 and 140 (mean difference TDE: -0.8 ±â€Š1.2 vs placebo: 0.1 ±â€Š0.7; P = 0.026) and borderline significant improvement in HFRDIS scores (mean difference TDE: -5.5 ±â€Š15.3 vs placebo: 4.2 ±â€Š13.1; P = 0.076). Women who reported hot flashes at baseline and who received TDE had a significant decrease in HFRDIS scores between days 90 and 140 (n = 9, P = 0.035). CESD and PSQI scores were not associated with TDE use. CONCLUSIONS: A brief, low-dose estrogen intervention, combined with a LNG-IUS, led to significant improvement of some common perimenopausal symptoms. Such a "minimalist" approach to management of the perimenopause holds promise for reducing common, bothersome perimenopausal symptoms while maintaining effective contraception.