Deterministic effect of lens at leukergy of patients who received low doses of ionising radiation.

To explore the possibility to use the lens extract as an in vitro stimulator to conduct a test of stimulated leukergy in liquidators of the accident consequences (LAC) on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) with a cataract in the long-term period. The study sample included 72 men-LAC on CNPP, at the age from 42 to 65 y, who have a cataract. The comparison group consisted of 60 men, with a cataract, of the same age, and who were not exposed to radiation. The control group was composed of 60 men, at the age of 42-58 y without lens pathology. Phenomenon of the stimulated leukergy was revealed in persons who had been exposed to radiation in the dose of 18.2 ± 0.58 cGy and was observed in 5.7-8.05 % (P < 0.001), suggesting a continued high auto-aggression to the lens antigens, and the strength of cell-mediated immunity.

Effect of temperature on thermal acclimation in growing pigs estimated using a nonlinear function.

Ninety-six Large White growing barrows were used to determine the effect of temperature on thermoregulatory responses during acclimation to increased ambient temperature. Pigs were exposed to 24°C for 10 d and thereafter to a constant temperature of 24, 28, 32, or 36°C for 20 d. The study was conducted in a climate-controlled room at the INRA experimental facilities in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. Relative humidity was kept constant at 80% throughout the experimental period. Rectal temperature, cutaneous temperature, and respiratory rate were measured [breaths per minute (bpm)] 3 times daily (0700, 1200, and 1800 h) every 2 or 3 d during the experiment. The thermal circulation index (TCI) was determined from rectal, cutaneous, and ambient temperature measurements. Changes in rectal temperature, respiratory rate, TCI, and ADFI over the duration of exposure to hot temperatures were modeled using nonlinear responses curves. Within 1 h of exposure to increased temperature, rectal temperature and respiratory rate increased by 0.46°C/d and +29.3 bpm/d, respectively, and ADFI and TCI decreased linearly by 44.7 g•d(-2)•kg(-0.60) and 1.32°C/d, respectively until a first breakpoint time (td(1)). This point marked the end of the short-term heat acclimation phase and the beginning of the long-term heat acclimation period. The td(1) value for ADFI was greater at 28°C than at 32 and 36°C (2.33 vs. 0.31 and 0.26 d, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas td(1) for the TCI increase was greater at 36°C than at 28 and 32°C (1.02 vs. 0.78 and 0.67 d, respectively; P < 0.05). For rectal temperature and respiratory rate responses, td(1) was not influenced by temperature (P > 0.05) and averaged 1.1 and 0.89 d, respectively. For respiratory rate and rectal temperature, the long-term heat acclimation period was divided in 2 phases, with a rapid decline for both variables followed by a slight decrease (P < 0.05). These 2 phases were separated by a second threshold day (td(2)). For rectal temperature, td(2) increased significantly with temperature (1.60 vs. 5.16 d from 28 to 36°C; P < 0.05). After td(2), the decline in rectal temperature during the exposure to thermal challenge was not influenced by temperature, suggesting that the magnitude of heat stress would affect thermoregulatory responses only at the beginning of the long-term heat acclimation period. The inclusion of random effects in the nonlinear model showed that whatever the temperature considered, interindividual variability of thermoregulatory responses would exist.

Antiedematous and edematous effects of local anesthetic RU-353 applied to various regions of the medulla oblongata.

Experiments on random-bred albino rats showed that application of local anesthetic RU-353 to the dorsal nuclei of the vagus nerve produced edematous or antiedematous effects in the lungs. Our findings open new vistas in prevention of centrogenous forms of water imbalance in the lungs.

[Effect of artificial ventilation on the development of hemodynamic pulmonary edema]. / Vliianie iskusstvennoi ventiliatsii na razvitie gemodinamicheskogo oteka legkikh.

Noninbred albino rat experiments have shown that artificial ventilation in experimental acute pulmonary hypertension (ligation of the ascending aorta alone or in combination with anonymous veins, compression of the aortic arch to the spine with a special clamp without opening the chest, intravenous administration of a toxic dose of epinephrine) is a resolving factor for the development of pulmonary edema.

[Evaluation of lung surfactant function in terms of lipid monolayer micromechanics]. / Otsenka funktsionirovaniia surfaktanta legkikh s pozitsii mikromekhaniki lipidnogo monosloia.

The analysis of compression isotherms of lipid monolayers and thermodynamical estimation of the conditions of the formation of layered systems underlies the explanation of some details of lung surfactant work. When the chemical potential of the monolayer during compression reaches the value of the chemical potential of the liquid bilayer membrane free of the mechanical stress, the conversion of monolayer into bilayer phase commences by means of squeezing out of monolayer in subphase creating bilayer ripples. During inspiration when alveolar surface expands, ripples turn back. Hence, in the course of normal breathing the process is quazi-reversible. During forced breathing definite losses of surfactant in the subphase can occur due to closing of ripples tending to minimize the edge energy. On the other hand, the edge is the place of instability of bilayer where fusing of lipid aggregates with edge takes place enriching thus monolayer by the lipid molecules. It is suggested that the treatment of newborn respiratory distress syndrome necessitates the new ways of the enrichment of a monolayer with lipids from the subphase or the ways for inhalation of lipidic suspension having the morphology of the inverted phases.

[Changes in the systemic and regional hemodynamics, hydration and engorgement of the lungs during occlusion of the thoracic aorta]. / Izmeneniia sistemnoi i regionarnoi gemodinamiki, ovodneniia i krovenapolneniia legkikh pri okkliuzii aorty v grudnom otdele.

The occlusion of the rat aorta's thoracic portion induces within 30 min hemodynamic shifts in major and minor circulation typical for a hypertensive incident. The occurring 4-5-fold increase of the lung venous pressure leads to no regular lung oedema and is of no major importance for its pathogenesis.

[Acute pulmonary edema in guinea pigs from action on the medulla oblongata]. / Ostryi otek legkikh u morskikh svinok pri vozdeistvii na prodolgovatyi mozg.

Study of the role of the medulla oblongata in the development of centrogenous edema of the lungs showed that it develops in guinea pigs in a regular manner one minute to 2.5 hours after injury to the caudomedial parts of the dorsal nuclei of the vagus nerves. Affection of the rostral parts of the nuclei, complete removal of a nucleus, and destruction of adjacent structures with preservation of the intactness of the nuclei do not lead to edema of the lungs. The separate parts of the nuclei evidently regulate the water balance in the lungs.

[Acute lung edema after injury of the medulla oblongata (experimental study)]. / Ostryi otek legkikh pri vozdeistvii na prodolgovatyi mozg (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

In determining the role of medulla oblongata in the development of central edema of the lungs it was established that in rats edema develops regularly 1 hr 37 min +/- 17 min following damage to the caudomedian parts of the vagus nerve dorsal nuclei. Damage to the rostral part of the nucleus, its complete removal, destruction of adjacent structures are not attended by the development of lung edema but, on the contrary, reduce the amount of water in the lungs. The caudal, median, and rostral parts of the dorsal nuclei as well as the nuclei of the reticular formation are evidently a system regulating water balance in the lungs.