ABSTRACT
Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have led to breakthroughs in the study of virus biodiversity. Millipedes (Diplopoda, Myriapoda, Arthropoda) include more than 12,000 extant species, yet data on virus diversity in Diplopoda are scarce. This study aimed to explore the virome of the millipedes collected in the Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve in Vietnam. We studied 14 species of millipedes and managed to assemble and annotate the complete coding genomes of 16 novel viruses, the partial coding genomes of 10 more viruses, and several fragmented viral sequences, which may indicate the presence of about 54 more viruses in the studied samples. Among the complete and partial genomes, 27% were putative members of the order Picornavirales. Most of the discovered viruses were very distant from the viruses currently present in the relevant databases. At least eight viruses meet the criteria to be recognized as a new species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and, for two of them, a higher taxonomic status (genus and even family) can be suggested.
Subject(s)
Arthropods , Biodiversity , Genome, Viral , Phylogeny , Viruses , Viruses/classification , Viruses/genetics , Viruses/isolation & purification , Animals , Vietnam , Arthropods/virology , Arthropods/classification , Virome/genetics , Genetic VariationABSTRACT
One new indol, N-methoxymethyltryptophol (1), one new phenolic, (2 R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (2) and fifteen known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the methanol extract of the fermentation of marine microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, quantum chemical calculation methods and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against microorganisms. Compounds 2, 3 and 11 significantly exhibited antimicrobial activities on all tested Gram-(+), Gram-(-) bacteria and the yeast C. albicans with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg/mL.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Microalgae , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Bacteria , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Yeasts , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated the level of contamination of agricultural soil near an old recycling lead smelter in Vietnam and proposed an effective treatment for the remediation of the soil. The analysis of soil samples using an ICP-MS method revealed that the soil in the area was heavily contaminated by heavy metals, especially lead (Pb) with concentrations in surface soil of >3000 µg g-1. High concentrations of metals, including Pb, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), were found in whole soil profile. The FE-EPMA and Laser-Raman spectrometer results suggested that iron minerals and carbon materials in the soil are the important hosts of the toxic metals. Subsequently, a series of washing experiment were performed on the soil using biodegradable chelators, including N, N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA), ascorbic acid and citric acid. The results showed that the mixture of GLDA-ascorbic (100 mM: 100 mM) can be considered as a potential candidate for Pb and Zn removal, which removes approximately 90% of Pb and 70% of Zn. Meanwhile, a mixture of GLDA-citric would be preferred for Cu removal based on its greater extraction efficiency compared to other mixtures.
Subject(s)
Metals, Heavy , Soil Pollutants , Ascorbic Acid , Chelating Agents , Citric Acid , Lead , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Soil , Soil Pollutants/analysis , VietnamABSTRACT
A total of 135 stomach samples from patients with gastrointestinal diseases and normal controls were examined for Helicobacter pylori infection and Candida colonization. Candida krusei was found in specimens from 20% bleeding, 52% ulcer, and 100% gastritis patients, whereas H. pylori infection rates were 82%, 35% and 30%, respectively, for the same groups of patients. C. krusei was not detected in stomach samples from normal controls.
Subject(s)
Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Candidiasis/microbiology , Gastritis/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Stomach Ulcer/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Candida/classification , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Humans , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Stomach/microbiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The genus Macrostylopyga gen. nov. and two species (M. grandis sp. nov. and M. bidupi sp. nov.) are described. A detailed morphological description with special attention to the male genitalic structures is provided. Some aspects of the evolution of wingless cockroaches are briefly discussed.