Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb.

Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.

Effect of supplementation with core homeopathic on the serum immunological profile of pregnant ewes and lambs / Efeito da suplementação com complexo homeopático no perfil imunológico sérico de ovelhas gestantes e cordeiros

Few information is available about the optimal period for colostrum absorption in the bowel of newborn lambs. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of using supplementation with commercial core homeopathic during pregnancy and early lactation on 18 pregnant Santa Inês ewes presenting body condition score ≥ 2.5. Pregnant animals were randomly divided in two groups; one was used as control (control group) and the other was supplemented on a daily basis with 30 g of homeopathic product with Natrum muriaticum 10-60, Calcium carbonicum 10-30, Silicea terra 10-400 and Hypothalamus 10-30 per animal, mixed to the concentrate during pregnancy and early lactation (treatment group). The Total Protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) values found in ewes and lambs belonging to the treatment group were higher than and different from those recorded for the control group. The serum albumin (ALB) concentration did not differ between groups of ewes but was different in lambs. TP and GLB evolution in lambs and ewes throughout the seven experimental days showed the animals in the treatment group trend to present higher TP and GLB values in all experimental periods; supplemented animals showed trend to progressive increase in both variables until day 3; whereas non-supplemented animals showed such trend until day 2 (when they reached their peak). The commercial core homeopathic to the animals during pregnancy and early lactation resulted in higher TP and GLB concentrations in the serum samples collected from ewes and lambs.

Poucas informações estão disponíveis sobre o período ideal para a absorção do colostro no intestino de neonatos ovinos. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os efeitos da suplementação com complexo homeopático comercial durante a gestação e início da lactação em 18 ovelhas Santa Inês gestantes com escore de condição corporal ≥ 2,5. Os animais gestantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos; um controle (grupo controle) e outro suplementado diariamente com 30 g de produto homeopático com Natrum muriaticum 10-60, Calcium carbonicum 10-30, Silicea terra 10-400 and Hypothalamus 10-30 por animal, misturado ao concentrado durante a gestação e início da lactação (grupo tratamento). Os valores de Proteína Total (PT) e globulina (GLB) encontrados em ovelhas e cordeiros pertencentes ao grupo tratamento foram superiores e dife-rentes dos registrados para o grupo controle. A concentração de albumina sérica (ALB) não diferiu entre os grupos de ovelhas, mas foi diferente nos cordeiros. A evolução de PT e GLB em cordeiros e ovelhas ao longo dos 7 dias experimentais demons-trou que os animais do grupo tratamento tendem a apresentar maiores valores de PT e GLB em todo o período experimen-tal; os animais suplementados apresentaram tendência de aumento progressivo em ambas as variáveis até o dia 3; enquanto os animais não suplementados mostraram tal tendência até o dia 2 (quando atingiram o pico). O núcleo homeopático comercial fornecido para os animais durante a gestação e início da lactação resultou em maiores concentrações de PT e GLB nas amos-tras de soro coletadas de ovelhas e cordeiros.

Effect of supplementation with core homeopathic on the serum immunological profile of pregnant ewes and lambs / Efeito da suplementação com complexo homeopático no perfil imunológico sérico de ovelhas gestantes e cordeiros

Few information is available about the optimal period for colostrum absorption in the bowel of newborn lambs. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of using supplementation with commercial core homeopathic during pregnancy and early lactation on 18 pregnant Santa Inês ewes presenting body condition score ≥ 2.5. Pregnant animals were randomly divided in two groups; one was used as control (control group) and the other was supplemented on a daily basis with 30 g of homeopathic product with Natrum muriaticum 10-60, Calcium carbonicum 10-30, Silicea terra 10-400 and Hypothalamus 10-30 per animal, mixed to the concentrate during pregnancy and early lactation (treatment group). The Total Protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) values found in ewes and lambs belonging to the treatment group were higher than and different from those recorded for the control group. The serum albumin (ALB) concentration did not differ between groups of ewes but was different in lambs. TP and GLB evolution in lambs and ewes throughout the seven experimental days showed the animals in the treatment group trend to present higher TP and GLB values in all experimental periods; supplemented animals showed trend to progressive increase in both variables until day 3; whereas non-supplemented animals showed such trend until day 2 (when they reached their peak). The commercial core homeopathic to the animals during pregnancy and early lactation resulted in higher TP and GLB concentrations in the serum samples collected from ewes and lambs.(AU)

Poucas informações estão disponíveis sobre o período ideal para a absorção do colostro no intestino de neonatos ovinos. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os efeitos da suplementação com complexo homeopático comercial durante a gestação e início da lactação em 18 ovelhas Santa Inês gestantes com escore de condição corporal ≥ 2,5. Os animais gestantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos; um controle (grupo controle) e outro suplementado diariamente com 30 g de produto homeopático com Natrum muriaticum 10-60, Calcium carbonicum 10-30, Silicea terra 10-400 and Hypothalamus 10-30 por animal, misturado ao concentrado durante a gestação e início da lactação (grupo tratamento). Os valores de Proteína Total (PT) e globulina (GLB) encontrados em ovelhas e cordeiros pertencentes ao grupo tratamento foram superiores e dife-rentes dos registrados para o grupo controle. A concentração de albumina sérica (ALB) não diferiu entre os grupos de ovelhas, mas foi diferente nos cordeiros. A evolução de PT e GLB em cordeiros e ovelhas ao longo dos 7 dias experimentais demons-trou que os animais do grupo tratamento tendem a apresentar maiores valores de PT e GLB em todo o período experimen-tal; os animais suplementados apresentaram tendência de aumento progressivo em ambas as variáveis até o dia 3; enquanto os animais não suplementados mostraram tal tendência até o dia 2 (quando atingiram o pico). O núcleo homeopático comercial fornecido para os animais durante a gestação e início da lactação resultou em maiores concentrações de PT e GLB nas amos-tras de soro coletadas de ovelhas e cordeiros.(AU)

Glossite por Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli em um equino / Glossitis by Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli in an equine

Background: Actinobacillosis in adult horses is rare, and is often associated with infection due to Actinobacillus equulisubsp. equuli, which is a commensal organism inhabiting the oral cavity of healthy animals. It is an opportunistic pathogen,and the infection usually occurs secondary to another primary disease or due to predisposing factors such as pre-existinglesions, mainly in the oral cavity. Infection may be associated with peritonitis, bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia, enteritis,infectious periorchitis, abortion, and septicemia. This paper aims to describe the clinical, microbiological, and pathologicalaspects of actinobacillosis in the oral cavity of a horse.Case: A case of actinobacillosis has been reported in a 22-year-old gelding Quarter Horse. According to the owner, theanimal presented with progressive weight loss during the previous three months, and leakage of food from the oral cavity.Examination of the oral cavity revealed sharp enamel overgrowths, which had been corrected during a previous dentalprocedure. However, five days after the procedure, the animal developed halitosis. Ceftiofur sodium (4.4 mg/kg intramuscularly, every 24 h) was prescribed; two days after the commencement of antimicrobial therapy, the animal presented withsialorrhea, bilateral submandibular lymphadenomegaly, protrusion of the tongue, edema of the base of the tongue, cheeks,and gums, in addition to black-colored sores and scales in the oral mucosa, particularly affecting the base of the tongue andgums. Samples from ulcerative lesions found at the base of the tongue and gums were collected using sterile swabs, andculture and antibiogram were requested. Microbiological culture led to the growth of small colonies measuring less than5 mm in diameter, that were non-hemolytic, slightly whitish in color but non-opaque, smooth and bright in appearance.These were identified as gram-negative rods on microscopy, and further characterized...(AU)

Glossite por Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli em um equino / Glossitis by Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli in an equine

Background: Actinobacillosis in adult horses is rare, and is often associated with infection due to Actinobacillus equulisubsp. equuli, which is a commensal organism inhabiting the oral cavity of healthy animals. It is an opportunistic pathogen,and the infection usually occurs secondary to another primary disease or due to predisposing factors such as pre-existinglesions, mainly in the oral cavity. Infection may be associated with peritonitis, bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia, enteritis,infectious periorchitis, abortion, and septicemia. This paper aims to describe the clinical, microbiological, and pathologicalaspects of actinobacillosis in the oral cavity of a horse.Case: A case of actinobacillosis has been reported in a 22-year-old gelding Quarter Horse. According to the owner, theanimal presented with progressive weight loss during the previous three months, and leakage of food from the oral cavity.Examination of the oral cavity revealed sharp enamel overgrowths, which had been corrected during a previous dentalprocedure. However, five days after the procedure, the animal developed halitosis. Ceftiofur sodium (4.4 mg/kg intramuscularly, every 24 h) was prescribed; two days after the commencement of antimicrobial therapy, the animal presented withsialorrhea, bilateral submandibular lymphadenomegaly, protrusion of the tongue, edema of the base of the tongue, cheeks,and gums, in addition to black-colored sores and scales in the oral mucosa, particularly affecting the base of the tongue andgums. Samples from ulcerative lesions found at the base of the tongue and gums were collected using sterile swabs, andculture and antibiogram were requested. Microbiological culture led to the growth of small colonies measuring less than5 mm in diameter, that were non-hemolytic, slightly whitish in color but non-opaque, smooth and bright in appearance.These were identified as gram-negative rods on microscopy, and further characterized...

Pregnancy rates and formation of accessory corpora lutea in Nelore heifers, treated with hCG after fixed - time artificial insemination / Taxas de gestação e formação de corpo lúteo acessório em novilhas nelore tratadas com hCG após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo

We evaluated the pregnancy rate, circumference of corpora lutea and formation of accessory corpora lutea (ACL) in Nelore heifers treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) seven days after fixedtime artificial insemination (FTAI). 137 heifers were used, with an average weight of 308.07 ±12.86kg, were randomly assigned into two groups, with Group A consisting of 67 heifers receiving hCG seven days after AI and Group B with 70 heifers receiving solution saline seven days after AI. The synchronization of follicular wave and ovulation were performed in the morning (8:00 a.m.) and afternoon (14:00 p.m.), respectively for Groups A and B. On Day 10 (D10), 48 hours after the removal of the implants vaginal heifers in Groups A and B were inseminated in the morning and afternoon respectively. On day 17 (D17) in the morning in Groups A were applied intramuscularly 1500UI (1.5 mL) of hCG and in the evening 1.5 mL saline in Group B. After 11 days (D28) by transrectal ultrasonography, we evaluated the existence, number and circumference of corpus luteum present in the ovaries of heifers in Groups A and B. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35 days after AI (D45). The application of hCG in heifers seven days after FTAI induced the formation of CLA had no effect on the size of corpus luteum observed in pregnant females treated or not and did not improve the pregnancy rate of those females.

Avaliou-se a taxa de gestação, circunferência dos corpos lúteos e formação de corpos lúteos acessório (CLA) em novilhas da raça Nelore, tratadas com Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana (hCG) sete dias após inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Foram utilizadas 137 novilhas, com peso médio de 308,07±12,86 kg, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois Grupos, sendo o Grupo A composto por 67 novilhas que receberam hCG sete dias após a IATF e o Grupo B de 70 novilhas que receberam solução salina sete dias após a IATF. As sincronizações da onda folicular e ovulação foram realizadas pela manhã (8h00) e tarde (14h00) respectivamente para os Grupos A e B. No Dia 10 (D10), 48 horas após a retirada dos implantes vaginais, as novilhas dos Grupos A e B foram inseminadas pela manhã e tarde, respectivamente. No Dia 17 (D17), pela manhã nos animais do Grupo A, foram aplicados por via intramuscular 1500UI (1,5mL) de hCG e à tarde 1,5mL de solução salina nos animais do Grupo B. Após 11 dias (D28), por ultra-sonografia transretal, foi avaliada a existência, o número e a circunferência dos corpos lúteos presentes nos ovários das novilhas dos Grupos A e B. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado 35 dias após a IATF (D45). A aplicação de hCG em novilhas sete dias após a IATF induziu a formação de CLA, não interferiu no tamanho dos corpos lúteos observados nas fêmeas gestantes tratadas e não tratadas e não melhorou a taxa de gestação das referidas fêmeas.

Pregnancy rates and formation of accessory corpora lutea in Nelore heifers, treated with hCG after fixed - time artificial insemination / Taxas de gestação e formação de corpo lúteo acessório em novilhas nelore tratadas com hCG após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo

We evaluated the pregnancy rate, circumference of corpora lutea and formation of accessory corpora lutea (ACL) in Nelore heifers treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) seven days after fixedtime artificial insemination (FTAI). 137 heifers were used, with an average weight of 308.07 ±12.86kg, were randomly assigned into two groups, with Group A consisting of 67 heifers receiving hCG seven days after AI and Group B with 70 heifers receiving solution saline seven days after AI. The synchronization of follicular wave and ovulation were performed in the morning (8:00 a.m.) and afternoon (14:00 p.m.), respectively for Groups A and B. On Day 10 (D10), 48 hours after the removal of the implants vaginal heifers in Groups A and B were inseminated in the morning and afternoon respectively. On day 17 (D17) in the morning in Groups A were applied intramuscularly 1500UI (1.5 mL) of hCG and in the evening 1.5 mL saline in Group B. After 11 days (D28) by transrectal ultrasonography, we evaluated the existence, number and circumference of corpus luteum present in the ovaries of heifers in Groups A and B. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35 days after AI (D45). The application of hCG in heifers seven days after FTAI induced the formation of CLA had no effect on the size of corpus luteum observed in pregnant females treated or not and did not improve the pregnancy rate of those females.(AU)

Avaliou-se a taxa de gestação, circunferência dos corpos lúteos e formação de corpos lúteos acessório (CLA) em novilhas da raça Nelore, tratadas com Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana (hCG) sete dias após inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Foram utilizadas 137 novilhas, com peso médio de 308,07±12,86 kg, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois Grupos, sendo o Grupo A composto por 67 novilhas que receberam hCG sete dias após a IATF e o Grupo B de 70 novilhas que receberam solução salina sete dias após a IATF. As sincronizações da onda folicular e ovulação foram realizadas pela manhã (8h00) e tarde (14h00) respectivamente para os Grupos A e B. No Dia 10 (D10), 48 horas após a retirada dos implantes vaginais, as novilhas dos Grupos A e B foram inseminadas pela manhã e tarde, respectivamente. No Dia 17 (D17), pela manhã nos animais do Grupo A, foram aplicados por via intramuscular 1500UI (1,5mL) de hCG e à tarde 1,5mL de solução salina nos animais do Grupo B. Após 11 dias (D28), por ultra-sonografia transretal, foi avaliada a existência, o número e a circunferência dos corpos lúteos presentes nos ovários das novilhas dos Grupos A e B. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado 35 dias após a IATF (D45). A aplicação de hCG em novilhas sete dias após a IATF induziu a formação de CLA, não interferiu no tamanho dos corpos lúteos observados nas fêmeas gestantes tratadas e não tratadas e não melhorou a taxa de gestação das referidas fêmeas.(AU)