Retraction Note: Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model.

The article "Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model", by N.D. Suarez Uribe, M.F. Pezzini, J. Dall'Agnol, N. Marroni, S. Benitez, D. Benedetti, J. Da Silva, C.T. Cerski, E. Dallegrave, S. Macedo, S.C.W.S.E.F. de Oliveira, D. Joveleviths, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (13): 6374-6383-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_32997-PMID: 37458654 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief for the following reasons: After publication, concerns were raised by an unidentified reader who underlined some similarities between this publication and a previous publication published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. After being informed, the authors claimed the previous journal published the article without consent, and, therefore, the authors promptly withdrew the previous publication. The retraction published by the other journal does not contain any information regarding the reason for withdrawal. As a matter of fact, the journal does not have any evidence about the authors' claim and still considers this research a duplicate publication. For the above-mentioned reasons, the Editor in Chief decided to withdraw the manuscript. This manuscript has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/32997.

Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model.

OBJECTIVE: Mancozeb is one of the most widely used Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates fungicides in Brazil. A pilot experimental model was created to evaluate its potential hepatotoxic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was performed with 27 male Wistar rats (3 groups). The Control Group received a saline solution, while Intervention Groups I and II received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Mancozeb respectively, once a week, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out, and the marker of biological exposure in urine was dosed. Biochemical tests, evaluation micronucleus count, comet and oxidative stress markers assay, and histological assessment of the liver were also performed. RESULTS: The hepatotoxic effect of Mancozeb was confirmed by anthropometric measurements, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Statistically significant results were found when the exposed groups were compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results were supported by inflammatory infiltration and balloonization in the treated groups. The experimental model effectively demonstrated the deleterious effect of Mancozeb on the liver.

Patrones de resistencia en agentes bacterianos involucrados en otitis caninas en Medellín, Colombia, durante 2019: análisis retrospectivo / Patterns of resistance in bacterial agents involved in canine otitis at Medellín, Colombia, during 2019: retrospective analysis

RESUMEN Dentro de los agentes patógenos en los procesos otíticos bacterianos, se destacan microorganismos como Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabi-lis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp., para los cuales se ha descrito resistencia frente a los antibióticos empleados para combatirlos. En Colombia son pocos los reportes acerca de la resistencia antibiótica de microorganismos causantes de otitis. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los agentes bacterianos más frecuentemente aislados en infecciones otíticas de caninos remitidas a un laboratorio veterinario de Medellín durante el 2019 y su resistencia a antibióticos. Para llevarlo a cabo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. Se analizaron los resultados de los antibiogramas realizados a partir de cultivos bacterianos en muestras óticas remitidas a un laboratorio de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín. Además, se efectuó un análisis de frecuencias para la muestra total. Se encontró que los principales microorganismos bacterianos aislados fueron Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili y Staphylococcus aureus. La gentamicina fue el medicamento que mayor porcentaje de resistencia presentó y la cefalexina el que menos resistencia presentó. Se pudo concluir que el Staphylococcus pseudintermedius está presente en más del 60% de los casos de otitis bacteriana. Adicionalmente, se observó una variación de la resistencia presentada por los microorganismos en el tiempo. Estos presentaron mayor resistencia ante los antibióticos aminoglucósidos.

ABSTRACT Among the pathogens in bacterial otic processes, microorganisms such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Corynebac-terium spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. stand out, for which resistance to antibiotics has been described employed to combat them. In Colombia there are few reports about the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause otitis. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial agents most frequently isolated from canine ear infections and their resistance to antibiotics from samples of ear secretions sent to a veterinary laboratory in Medellín during 2019. In order to do that, an cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive study was done. The results of the antibiograms performed from bacterial cultures obtained from ear samples sent to a reference laboratory in the city of Medellín were analyzed. A frequency analysis was carried out for the total sample. It was found that the main isolated bacterial microorganisms were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili and Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin was the drug with the highest percentage of resistance and cephalexin the one with the least resistance. It was possible to conclude that Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is linked in more than 60% of cases of bacterial otitis and the resistance presented by microorganisms varies over time. The group of aminoglycosides antibiotics was the one which microorganisms are manifesting more percentage of resistance.

Systemic effects of the pesticide mancozeb - A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this literature review is to document what has already been scientifically published about the pesticide Mancozeb and its potential systemic complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected during the months of July, August and September 2020, from the Medline and PubMed databases, in the Portuguese, English and Spanish, covering articles written in the last 20 years. Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis. RESULTS: The results found in this review study, indicate that Mancozeb is potentially damaging to health, appearing as an increase in ethylethiourea (ETU) dosages in most studies. CONCLUSIONS: About the widespread use of Mancozeb, the studies found show that this fungicide is a potential cause of several health problems, mainly hepatic, renal and genotoxic, demonstrating with an increase in ETU dosages, as well as liver enzymes in most studies, corroborating the idea that the deliberate use of the product can induce potential systemic complications, and is a public health problem.

Prospective study of urinary function and analysis of risk factors after rectal cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in urinary function are complications of rectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the changes in urinary function in patients operated on for rectal cancer, and to identify risk factors that may have an impact on the deterioration of postoperative urinary function. METHODS: A prospective study of urinary function in rectal cancer patients who had elective oncological resection with curative intention at the Arnau de Vilanova Hospital in Valencia, Spain, from January 2017 to March 2019. The evaluation of urinary function was performed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Predictive factors of urinary dysfunction were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were enrolled in the study. Eighty-seven of them completed all the follow-up assessments (48 men and 39 women, mean age 65.74 ± 10.95 years,). The mean IPSS was 7.96 ± 7.59 preoperatively, 9.01 ± 6.81 at 6 months, and 8.63 ± 5.59 at 12 months, without statistically significant differences. There were no differences in IPSS between males and females. Preoperative urinary dysfunction was 39% and at 12 months, a deterioration occurred in 23 patients (26.4%). IPSS analysis of symptoms showed a statistically significant worsening of nocturia at 6 months (p = 0.002) and 1 year after surgery (p = 0.037) in women. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class (OR: 11, [95% CI2.4-53]; p = 0.010), surgical difficulty (OR: 4.5, [95% CI 1-19]; p = 0.027) and anastomotic leakage (OR: 14, [95% CI 1.6-117]; p = 0.010), were identified as independent risk factors for deterioration of urinary function after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed worsening urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery in 26.4% of the patients. However, there were no statistically significant differences in mean IPSS scores at the three assessment times (preoperatively, 6 months, 12 months). ASA class, surgical difficulty, and anastomotic leakage may predict postoperative deterioration.

Perineural invasion is increased in patients receiving colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been growing concern about the potential association of stent placement as a bridge to surgery in malignant colon obstruction and some anatomopathological findings that could lead to worsening long-term cancer outcomes, such as perineural, vascular and lymphatic invasion. The aim of the present review was to assess the pathological changes found in surgical specimens after stent placement for obstructing colon cancer vs. emergency surgery, and the impact of perineural invasion on survival rates METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid and ISRCTN Registry were searched, with no restrictions. We performed four meta-analyses to estimate the pooled effect sizes using a random effect model. The outcomes were perineural, vascular and lymphatic invasion rates, and 5-year overall survival rate in patients with obstructive colon cancer, depending on the presence or absence of perineural invasion. RESULTS: Ten studies with a total of 1273 patients were included in the meta-analysis. We found that patients in the stent group had a significantly higher risk of perineural (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.22-3.21; p = 0.006) and lymphatic invasion (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90; p = 0.008). Furthermore, patients with positive perineural invasion had almost twice the risk of dying compared to those with no perineural invasion (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.22-3.02; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Stent placement as a bridge to surgery in colorectal cancer patients modifies the pathological characteristics such as perineural and lymphatic invasion, and this may worsen the long-term prognosis of patients. The presence of perineural infiltration in obstructed colon cancer decreases the long-term survival of patients.

Long-term functional and clinical outcomes following transanal advancement flap for complex anal fistula repair: are there predictors of recurrence and incontinence?

AIM: Transanal flap is an attractive technique for complex fistulas. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor outcome, recurrence and incontinence. METHOD: All patients who underwent an advancement flap for the treatment of a complex anal fistula between 1995 and 2019 were prospectively enrolled. The patient data obtained included age, sex, body mass index, comorbid conditions and smoking history. The fistula characteristics analysed included previous anal surgery, anatomy of the fistula according to Park's classification, horseshoe or supralevator extension and preoperative seton drainage. The postoperative data registered included complications, postoperative stay, recurrence and incontinence. Predictive factors for recurrence and incontinence were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety patients were included; 134 (70.5%) were men and the mean patient age was 50 years. The median length of follow-up was 44.6 months. The fistula recurred in 14 patients (7.3%). Before surgery, 20 patients (10.5%) reported incontinence symptoms. In the continent patients a Wexner postoperative score of 0 was identified in 79.4%. Wexner scores between 1 and 3 were observed in 17% and scores of 4 or more in five patients (3%). Factors associated with recurrence included age < 50 years (OR = 4.8, P = 0.02, 95% CI 1.2-19), smoking (OR = 4.1, P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-16.5) and suprasphincteric fistula (OR = 0.5, P = 0.01, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) in multivariate log regression analysis. Major incontinence was influenced by female sex and previous anal surgery (OR = 7.5, P = 0.003, 95% CI 1.6-34 and OR = 0.1, P = 0.007, 95% CI 0.1-0.7, respectively). CONCLUSION: Full-thickness transanal advancement flap is a good treatment for complex anal fistula repair. This study provides relevant information on risk factors for failure of therapy and incontinence, which can help in advising patients before surgery and planning a good treatment strategy.

Impact of the number of stapler firings on anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic rectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several univariate and multivariate studies have already identified the number of stapler firings for laparoscopic rectal transection for rectal cancer as an independent risk factor for anastomotic leakage. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the anastomotic leakage rate in laparoscopic rectal surgery according to the need of using one or two stapler firings for rectal transection. METHODS: PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. All of the statistical analyses were performed using Revman software. RESULTS: Five studies were included (1267 patients). The overall anastomotic leakage rate was 5.5% [0.7-8.4%]. Anastomotic leak occurred in 3.5% (17/491) of the cases where 1 stapler firing was used versus 6.7% (50/786) of the cases in which 2 firings were needed (50/786). Two stapler firings were significantly associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.34-4.42, p = 0.003, I2 = 1%). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that two firings imply a higher rate of anastomotic leak than a single firing after laparoscopic rectal surgery with a double stapling technique. Coloproctologists should strive to reduce the number of linear stapler firings and try to transect the rectum with a single firing.

Angiotensin II receptor agonist antibodies are associated with microvascular damage in lupus nephritis.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonist antibodies (AT1R-AAs) have been associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in human diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of AT1R-AAs in active lupus nephritis (LN) patients and their association with vascular damage. One hundred and seven active LN patients underwent a complete clinical examination, measurement of AT1R-AAs, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, carotid intima-media thickness measurement and morphometric analysis of subintimal fibrosis and medial hyperplasia of the vessels in the kidney tissue. Plasma AT1R-AAs were positive in 58 (54.2%) patients. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score, complement C3 and C4 levels and titers of anti-dsDNA antibodies were higher in the group with positive AT1R-AAs compared with those with negative AT1R-AAs. The AT1R-AA titers correlated with anti-dsDNA antibody titers and with complement C3 and C4 serum levels. In the kidney biopsy, the percentage of subintimal fibrosis and the area of medial hyperplasia were greater in the AT1R-AA-positive patients. No differences in arterial pressure, carotid intima-media thickness and response to therapy were detected. In conclusion, AT1R-AAs are prevalent in active LN patients and are associated with histologic features of microvascular damage.

Poor patient awareness and frequent misdiagnosis of migraine: findings from a large transcontinental cohort.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although migraine is the second most disabling condition worldwide, there is poor awareness of it. The objective was to assess the awareness of migraine and previous diagnostic and therapeutic consultations and treatments in a large international population of migraineurs. METHODS: This was a multicentre study conducted in 12 headache centres in seven countries. Each centre recruited up to 100 patients referred for a first visit and diagnosed with migraine. Subjects were given a structured clinical questionnaire-based interview about the perceptions of the type of headache they suffered from, its cause, previous diagnoses, investigations and treatments. RESULTS: In all, 1161 patients completed the study. Twenty-eight per cent of participants were aware that they suffered from migraine. Sixty-four per cent called their migraine 'headache'; less commonly they used terms such as 'cervical pain' (4%), tension headache (3%) and sinusitis (1%). Eight per cent of general practitioners and 35% of specialists (of whom 51% were neurologists and/or headache specialists) consulted for migraine formulated the correct diagnosis. Before participating in the study, 50% of patients had undergone X-ray, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and 76% underwent brain and/or cervical spine imaging for migraine. Twenty-eight per cent of patients had received symptomatic migraine-specific medications and 29% at least one migraine preventive medication. CONCLUSIONS: Although migraine is a very common disease, poor awareness of it amongst patients and physicians is still an issue in several countries. This highlights the importance of the promotion of migraine awareness to reduce its burden and limit direct and indirect costs and the risk of exposure to useless investigations.

Tissue talks: immunophenotype of cells infiltrating the graft explains histological findings and the benefits of belatacept at 10 years.

Previously, we found a substantial number of regulatory T cells (Tregs ) and fewer senescent and T helper type 17 (Th17) and a decrease in interstitial fibrosis (IF) in 12-month graft biopsies in belatacept versus cyclosporin (CNI)-treated patients [Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-line Immunosuppression Trial (BENEFIT) study]. Seven years after kidney transplantation (KT), mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), patient and graft survival were significantly higher with belatacept versus CNI treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether the immunophenotypes of inflammatory and regulatory cell subsets infiltrating the grafts contribute to the BENEFIT's clinical findings a decade after KT. Twenty-three adult patients with functionally stable KT treated with belatacept and 10 treated with CNI were enrolled. Biopsies were analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry for proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, inflammatory and regulatory cell markers in a blinded manner. Significantly lower percentages of inflammatory/fibrogenic cells [interleukin (IL)-22+ /Th17/Th2/M1 macrophages] were observed in patients treated with belatacept than in patients treated with CNI. By contrast, remarkably higher percentages of regulatory cells [Tregs /Bregs / plasmacytoid dendritic regulatory cells (pDCregs )/M2] were found in belatacept-treated patients than in CNI-treated patients. Conspicuously lower percentages of apoptosis and senescence and higher proliferation markers were found in belatacept-treated patients than in CNI-treated patients. Consequently, there was significantly more inflammation in the microvascular compartments as well as increased tubular atrophy and IF in CNI-treated patients. These findings strongly suggest that regulatory mechanisms, along with the absence of deleterious effects of CNI, contribute to the long-term graft histology and function stability in patients treated with belatacept.

Relación entre el transporte y las características nutricionales de la carne porcina para consumo humano en el valle de aburrá (colombia) / Relationship between transport and nutritional characteristics of pork meat for human consumption in the valle de aburrá (colombia)

RESUMEN La carne de cerdo se considera fuente de alto valor nutritivo por su alto contenido de proteína; sin embargo, su transporte representa un eslabón crítico, por cuanto genera pérdidas económicas, cuando se producen alteraciones en el bienestar animal que repercuten en los parámetros nutricionales, disminuyen la capacidad de retención de agua y ocasionan pérdidas de proteína. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar las características de los transportes con las características nutricionales de la carne porcina destinada a consumo humano en el Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia) en 2017. Se visitaron tres plantas de sacrificio del Valle de Aburrá con muestreo probabilístico estratificado por planta y afijación igual, obteniendo información de 338 animales. Se analizaron los parámetros nutricionales de las muestras cárnicas, así como variables sociodemográficas, de infraestructura, bienestar animal y prácticas de conducción de los transportistas. Se realizaron pruebas de ji-cuadrado (χ 2) para variables cualitativas dicotómicas, regresión logística para variables cualitativas politómicas y U de Mann-Whitney para variables cuantitativas. Se encontró asociación entre varios de los parámetros indagados con valores p estadísticamente significativos (p = 0,000; así, no tener suministro de agua permanente para los animales incrementa en 46,55 veces (IC 18,08 - 120,07) la posibilidad de presentar carnes nutricionalmente inadecuadas. Se concluye que factores como la falta de suministro de agua a los cerdos, el mal estado de pisos y separadores, la deficiente capacitación de los transportistas, la falta de supervisión a los animales, no tener el certificado técnico-mecánico y la velocidad promedio de 80 km/h, se asocian con la generación de productos cárnicos nutricionalmente inadecuados.

ABTRACT Pork meat is considered a source of high nutritional value due to its high protein content, however, transport is a critical link to generate economic losses by producing alterations in animal welfare, which have an impact on nutritional parameters, decreasing the capacity of water retention, and generating protein losses. The objective of this study was to relate the characteristics of transport, with the nutritional characteristics of pork for human consumption in the Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia) in 2017. In this location, three slaughterhouses were visited with probabilistic sampling stratified by plant and equal affixation, obtaining information from 338 animals. The nutritional parameters of the meat samples and sociodemographic variables, infrastructure, animal welfare and driving practices of the transporters were analyzed. ji-square (χ 2) tests were performed for dichotomous qualitative variables, logistic regression for qualitative polytomous variables and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables. An association was found between several of the parameters investigated with statistically significant p values (p = 0,000), where, having no permanent water supply for the animals increases in 46.55 times (IC 18.08 - 120.07) the possibility of presenting nutritionally inadequate meats. It was concluded that factors such as lack of water supply to pigs, poor condition of the floors and separators, lack of training in transporters, lack of supervision of animals, lack of mechanical technical certification and average speed of 80 km/h are associated with the generation of nutritionally inadequate meat products.

Prognostic significance of renal vascular pathology in lupus nephritis.

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis to define the prognostic significance of vascular lesions documented in renal biopsies of lupus nephritis patients. A total of 429 patients were segregated into five groups: (1) no vascular lesions (NVL), (2) arterial sclerosis (AS), (3) non-inflammatory necrotizing vasculitis (NNV), (4) thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and (5) true renal vasculitis (TRV). Renal outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression models, and correlations between vascular lesions and activity/chronicity scores were determined by Spearman's coefficients. A total of 200 (46.6%) had NVL, 189 (44.0%) AS, six NNV (1.4%), 23 (5.4%) TMA, and 11 (2.6%) TRV. Patients with NVL were younger, with higher renal function; patients with TMA and TRV had lower renal function and higher arterial pressure at baseline. Antiphospholipid syndrome and positive lupus anticoagulant were more frequently observed in the TMA group. Five-year renal survival was 83% for NVL, 63% for AS, 67% for NNV, 31% for TMA, and 33% for TRV. NNV and TRV were significantly correlated with activity scores, while AS and chronic TMA were correlated with chronicity scores. Renal vascular lesions are associated with renal outcomes but do not behave as independent factors. The addition of vascular lesions to currently used scores should be further explored.

How to improve the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis: Experience from a case series in Mexico. / Cómo mejorar el diagnóstico de esofagitis eosinofílica: experiencia de una serie de casos en México.

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune disorder mediated largely by food antigens. It shares nonspecific symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). EoE is rarely reported in Mexico, perhaps due to the racial characteristics of the population or because of insufficient diagnostic suspicion. AIMS: Our aim was to describe a Mexican cohort with EoE and evaluate the usefulness of the clinical history and endoscopy in the EoE diagnosis, in comparison with GERD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on the clinical characteristics and endoscopic and histopathologic findings in patients with EoE, along with a case-control study on patients with GERD. The endoscopic images obtained were interpreted in a blind and randomized manner by 4 gastroenterologists, before and after providing them with information on the characteristic alterations of EoE. The esophageal biopsies were also blinded to 2 pathologists that evaluated their diagnostic correlation. The Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with EoE were included in the study. Ten (71%) of them were men and the mean age of the patients was 35 years. There were more subjects with a personal history of asthma (p=0.0023) and food impaction (p=0.04) in the EoE group. The initial evaluation of the endoscopic findings showed 53% correct EoE interpretations and rose to 96% in the second revision (sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%, PPV 65%, NPV 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican patients with EoE have similar characteristics to those of patients in western case series. Clinical awareness of the disorder increases endoscopic diagnosis in up to 40% of cases.