ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic Marine Litter (AML) accumulating on beaches causes damage to coastal ecosystems and high costs to local communities. Volunteers sampled AML on 130 beaches along the central and southern East Pacific coasts, with AML densities ranging from 0.46 to 2.26 items m-2 in the different countries. AML composition was dominated by plastics and cigarette butts, the latter especially in Mexico and Chile. The accumulation of AML in the upper zones of the beaches and substantial proportions of cigarette butts, glass and metal pointed mainly to local sources. Statistical modelling of litter sources on continental beaches revealed that tourism, access and related infrastructure (e.g. parking lots) best explained AML densities, while plastic densities were also influenced by the distance from river mouths and national Gross Domestic Product. Large-scale monitoring can be a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that should primarily focus on land sources.
Subject(s)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Waste Products , Humans , Waste Products/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Ecosystem , Bathing Beaches , PlasticsABSTRACT
La parálisis hipocalémica tirotóxica se consideró una patología exclusiva de Asia, pero las migraciones han permitido la trasmisión genética de la condición a América Latina. La entidad se presenta más frecuentemente en hombres y se relaciona a alteraciones en el transporte del potasio asociadas al exceso de hormonas tiroideas circulantes. Se realiza revisión de la literatura ilustrando el caso de un hombre de 29 años con enfermedad de Graves, parálisis hipocaliémica y falla respiratoria.
Thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis was considered an exclusive disease of Asia, but migration has allowed genetic transmission of the condition to Latin America. The entity appears more frequently in men and is related to alterations potassium's transport, associated with increased circulating thyroid hormones. Literature review conducted illustrating the case of 29 years old man with Graves' disease, hypokalemic paralysis and respiratory failure.
A paralise hipocalémica tirotóxica considerou-se uma patologia exclusiva da Ásia, mais as migrações tem permitido a transmissão genética da condição para America Latina. A entidade apresenta-se freqüentemente em homens e relaciona-se com alterações no transporte do potássio associadas ao excesso da circulação de hormônios da tireóides. Se faz uma revisão da literatura com o caso de um homem de 29 anos com doença de graves, paralise hipocalémica e insuficiência respiratória.
Subject(s)
Young Adult , Hyperthyroidism , Paralysis , Thyroid GlandABSTRACT
Anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) is an ubiquitous problem, which has motivated public participation in activities such as beach surveys and clean-up campaigns. While it is known that beaches in the SE Pacific are also affected by this problem, the quantities and types of AMD remain largely unknown. In the context of an outreach project, volunteers (approximately 1500 high-school students) participated in a nation-wide survey of AMD on 43 beaches distributed randomly along the entire Chilean coast (18 degrees S to 53 degrees S). The mean density of AMD was 1.8 items m(-2) and the major types were plastics, cigarette butts and glass. Densities in central Chile were lower than in northern and southern Chile, which could be due to different attitudes of beach users or to intense beach cleaning in central regions. We suggest that public participation in surveys and cleaning activities will raise awareness and thereby contribute to an improvement of the situation.
Subject(s)
Bathing Beaches , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Volunteers , Chile , Data Collection , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Geography , Pacific OceanABSTRACT
We standardized and evaluated an ELISA technique for the detection of total and specific anti-Giardia duodenalis secretory IgA antibodies (sIgA). Samples of saliva and serum of 161 Venezuelan schoolchildren were analysed. After stool examination, 66 children were diagnosed to be infected with Giardia duodenalis, 22 with other protozoa, and 73 non-parasitized. The mean (+ 2 SD) values of secretory IgA in the non-parasitized group was considered as the criterion of positivity. The levels of total and specific anti-Giardia sIgA were significantly higher in children with Giardia compared with the group with other protozoa (p < 0.01) and the non-parasitized group (p < 0.001). The ELISA technique developed showed values of sensitivity and specificity of 74 and 94 per cent, respectively, a predictive value of 92 per cent for positive samples and 80 per cent for negative samples. Specific anti-Giardia IgA serum levels showed a low sensitivity (57 per cent) and a predictive value for negative samples (53 per cent). Our results suggest that secretory anti-Giardia IgA levels measured in saliva samples may reflect local intestinal IgA responses elicited by these parasites. Thus, determinations of the levels of sIgA anti-Giardia could be a useful diagnostic tool for giardiasis in children.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Giardia lamblia/immunology , Giardiasis/immunology , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/isolation & purification , Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Child , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/parasitology , Giardiasis/diagnosis , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Humans , Saliva , Sensitivity and Specificity , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
En este trabajo se analiza la susceptibilidad in vitro de 64 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistentes (SAMR), aisladas de procesos infecciosos osteo-articulares frente a linezolid y se compara con la de teicoplanina. El 100 por ciento de las cepas analizadas fue inhibido por linezoid entre 0,25 y 3 µg/ml y por teicoplanina entre 0,38 y 2 µg/ml. La CIM de linezolid fue 0,75 µg/ml y la de teicoplanina fue 1 µg/ml. La CIM para ambos antimicrobianos fue 1,5 µg/ml. La buena evaluación in vitro de linezolid frente a SAMR y su excelente biodisponibilidad por vía oral, lo hacen una atractiva opción terapéutica en el manejo de las infecciones osteoarticulares causadas por SAMR. Sin embargo, su uso para esta indicación aún no ha sido aprobado por Food and Drug Administration
Subject(s)
Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Oxacillin , Staphylococcus aureus , Teicoplanin , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Methicillin Resistance , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio prospectivo, no randomizado, desde el mes de enero del año 1990 al mes de enero de 1997, período en el cual se reclutaron 26 pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma renal cerrado mayor, los que entraron a un protocolo de tratamiento médico no quirúrgico, caracterizado por diagnóstico de imágenes en forma inmediata y monitoreo hemodinámico intensivo, con apoyo de expansores plasmáticos y/o soluciones salinas, o de sangre con el objetivo de mantener una hemodinamia estable durante su ingreso. Posteriormente los pacientes son trasladados a sala para su manejo con reposo absoluto. Con este esquema de tratamiento, ninguno de los pacientes que ingresaron fue sacado de protocolo por incumplimiento o deceso, como tampoco se realizaron reparaciones quirúrgicas, obteniendo restitución anatómica y funcional de los riñones afectados
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematoma/therapy , Kidney/injuries , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Abdominal Injuries/etiology , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Hematoma/diagnosis , Hemodynamics/physiology , Monitoring, Physiologic , Prospective Studies , Multiple Trauma/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se estudian 64 casos con tuberculosis urogenital tratados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios durante 1975-1989. Se excluyeron 42 casos del período por datos incompletos. Los principales síntomas de presentación fueron: urinarios (81%), hematuria (57%) y masa genital (53%). El cultivo de Koch en orina fue positivo en el 79%. Los hallazgos pielográficos más frecuentes fueron: alteración de cálices (50%) y exclusión o atrofia renal (40%). En el examen de orina se encontró piuria aséptica (87%) y hematuria macroscópica (81%). Esta presentación no discute el tratamiento
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/diagnosisSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Radiation Protection , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiology Department, Hospital , ColombiaABSTRACT
Prosiguiendo una línea de investigación, mediante disección anatómica del nervio vago en su porción abdominal, se analizan los resultados obtenidos en 30 cadáveres adultos, comunicando en esta ocasión conclusiones de la disección específica del nervio vago dorsal terminal y los ganglios semilunares. Se deja constancia en el estudio de estas estructuras, las características de: situación topográfica, relaciones, variaciones de forma de los ganglios semilunares. Haciéndose mención además de la relación y dimensiones del ramo celíaco proveniente del vago dorsal