[Effects of local induction of ipt-gene in roots on cytokinins content in leaf cells tobacco plants].

Identification of cytokinins in differentiated leaf cells has received little attention. We have carried out immunohistochemical localization of cytokinins in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants in which the level of increased due to induced in their roots the expression of ipt-gene controlling cytokinin synthesis. Immuno-labeling of cytokinins with the help of antibodies raised against zeatin riboside was characteristic of mesophyll cells. The label was localized in cytoplasm adjacent to cell walls and was absent in vacuoles. Immunohistochemical staining also revealed the presence of cytokinins in guard cells. Induction of cytokinin synthesis enhanced the immunohistochemical staining of both mesophyll cells and guard cells, which was accompanied by elevated stomatal conductance. The possibility of a direct effect of cytokinins on stomatal conductance and their indirect influence through photosynthesis in the mesophyll cells is discussed.

[Cytokinin content and immunolocalization in wheat primary root cells].

Immunohystochemical localization of cytokinins in cells of different root zones of wheat plants showed intensive immunostaining of zeatin in the apical root zone and its subsequent decline with the increase in the distance from the root tip. More intensive labeling of metaxylem and parenchyma cells of the root central cylinder was observed on the sections of the zone where root hairs appeared. Above this zone the decline in immunostaining of the cells of the central cylinder was paralleled by the signs if finalization of differentiation of the xylem vessels shown by lignin deposition. The data of immunohystochemical staining were confirmed by the results of enzyme immunoassay of different cytokinin forms. Likely sources of zeatin accumulation are considered. Possibility of additional (alongside with that in apical root zone) synthesis of cytokinins in the vascular tissues of root and the role of cytokinins in stimulation oflignification are discussed.

[ABA accumulation and distribution during the leaf tissues shows its role stomatal conductance regulation under short-term salinity].

The regulative role of ABA in the rapid plant stomatal reactions in response to salinity was investigated. The influence of the short-term salinity on the overall ABA accumulation and its distribution within the mature leaf (revealed by immunohystochemical technique) and stomatal conductance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were determined. Rapid bulk leaf ABA accumulation and increase in ABA immunolabeling in the mesophyl and guard cells of stomata were shown. The bulk ABA increasing in mature barley leaves coincided with stomatal closure induced by salt treatment indicating on the ABA contribution to the rapid stomatal closure.

[Effect of high air temperature on abscisic acid and cytokinins contents as well as water balance in wheat seedlings]. / Vliianie vysokoi temperatury vozdukha na soderzhanie abstsizovoi kisloty i tsitokininov i vodnyi obmen prorostkov pshenitsy.

The contents of cytokinins and abscisic acid in the shoots and roots of 8-day wheat seedlings were studied by enzyme immunoassay in conditions of heating from 24 to 35 degrees C and after returning to the initial conditions. Two peaks of abscisic acid content in the aerial plant organs accompanied by decreased content of active cytokinin (zeatin) were observed at the beginning and at the end of heating. We propose that antiphase changes in zeatin and abscisic acid concentrations should enhance the same effects, for example, stomatal closure.

[Early diagnostics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome on the basis of the use of Pumala virus recombinant nucleocapsid protein]. / Ranniaia diagnostika gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom na osnove ispol'zovaniia rekombinantnogo nukleokapsidnogo belka virusa Pumala.

Pumala virus recombinant nucleocapsid protein was used for the early diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Specific IgM in the sera of patients could be determined by the IEA technique as early as on days 2-3 from the onset of the disease. The diagnostic effectiveness of the test-system was 95% and its specificity was 98%.

[Study of cytokinins produced by rhizospheric microorganisms]. / Issledovanie tsitokininov, produtsiruemykh rizosfernymi mikroorganizmami.

A high-molecular-weight complex of a polysaccharide and biologically active cytokinins was found in the culture liquid of rhizosphere microorganisms of the genus Bacillus. Enzyme immunoassay and thin-layer chromatography showed that zeatin riboside and a hormone nucleotide were the main cytokinins observed. Components of this complex were linked by a noncovalent bond.

[Isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. / Vydelenie vnutrennikh belkov virusa grippa metodom preparativnogo élektroforeza v poliakrilamidnom gele dlia polucheniia monospetsificheskikh antisyvorotok.

The principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (M and NP) of influenza type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses by SDS-PAG preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. The resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay.

[Development of an immunoenzyme test system for the quantitative demonstration of influenza virus hemagglutinin in biological specimens]. / Razrabotka immunofermentnoi test-sistemy dlia kolichestvennoi indikatsii gemaggliutinina virusa grippa v biologicheskikh obraztsakh.

A test system for the detection and quantitation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) in biological specimens by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (SPEIA) is described. The test system implies sequential adsorption on polystyrene base of anti-HA guinea pig gammaglobulins, detectable HA-containing antigen, monospecific anti-HA rabbit serum, and peroxidase antirabbit conjugate. Adsorption of the HA-containing antigen is run in the presence of a high concentration of nonionic detergent. The developed method is highly sensitive (0.3-0.5 ng in a specimen) and permits the detection and quantitation of HA in whole influenza virions, preparations of surface glycoproteins and in preparations of hemagglutinin recovered from virus particles. The analysis (after pre-sensitization of the polystyrene adsorbent) takes from 2 to 21/2 hours. The possibility of using the developed test system for control and standardization of inactivated influenza vaccines (whole-virion, split, and subunit) is discussed.

[Isolation of preparative amounts of influenza virus hemagglutinin by an affinity chromatographic method]. / Vydeelnie preparativnykh kolichestv gemaggliutinina virusa grippa s ispol'zovaniem metoda affinnoi khromatografii.

The use of affinity column sepharose-tyrosine-sulfanilic acid permits one to obtain preparative amounts of pure hemagglutinin of the types H1, H2, H3 from the total amount of surface glycoproteins solubilized by octylglycoside from antigenically different strains of influenza A virus. The yield of hemagglutinin ranges from 30% to 84% depending on the virus strain.

[Standards of attenuated influenza vaccine]. / Izuchenie standartnosti rasshcheplennoi grippoznoi vaktsiny.

Adsorbed chemical influenza vaccine is a standard preparation. It meets with the WHO requirements with respect to the content of hemagglutinin, ovalbumin, protein nitrogen. For the dosage of the vaccine by the hemagglutinin content in weight units (microgram) in the process of manufacture, the development of the national standard of this antigen is necessary. After the treatment of virus suspension with ether the number of intact virions remains stable, constituting 3-4%.