A new flexible regression model with application to recovery probability Covid-19 patients.

The aim of this study is to propose a generalized odd log-logistic Maxwell mixture model to analyze the effect of gender and age groups on lifetimes and on the recovery probabilities of Chinese individuals with COVID-19. We add new properties of the generalized Maxwell model. The coefficients of the regression and the recovered fraction are estimated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Further, some simulation studies are done to compare the regressions for different scenarios. Model-checking techniques based on the quantile residuals are addressed. The estimated survival functions for the patients are reported by age range and sex. The simulation study showed that mean squared errors decay toward zero and the average estimates converge to the true parameters when sample size increases. According to the fitted model, there is a significant difference only in the age group on the lifetime of individuals with COVID-19. Women have higher probability of recovering than men and individuals aged ≥60 years have lower recovered probabilities than those who aged <60 years. The findings suggest that the proposed model could be a good alternative to analyze censored lifetime of individuals with COVID-19.

Cosmetic benefits of a novel biomimetic lamellar formulation containing niacinamide in healthy females with oily, blemish-prone skin in a randomized proof-of-concept study.

OBJECTIVE: A randomized study was designed to evaluate the potential cosmetic benefit of a biomimetic, niacinamide-containing moisturizing cream in oily, blemish-prone skin. METHODS: Healthy adult women with oily, blemish-prone skin were randomized to one of three treatment groups: test, control, or positive control. In the test group, subjects used the test product (containing 4% niacinamide), plus the standard cleanser (Simple® Kind to Skin Moisturizing Facial Wash). In the control group, subjects received no moisturizer but used the standard cleanser. In the positive control group, subjects used Vivatinell Acnecinamide® Gel Cream (containing 4% niacinamide) as a moisturizer and Neutrogena Visibly Clear® Spot Clearing Facial Wash (containing 2% salicylic acid) as a cleanser. The positive control regimen was included to provide a comparison for estimates of effect size. The primary objective was to evaluate skin moisturization as a change from baseline in corneometer values at 8 h for the test regimen vs. the control regimen. Analysis of covariance was applied for the primary efficacy analysis. RESULTS: A total of 132 subjects were randomized with 44 included in each treatment group. A significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint for the test regimen compared with the control regimen (least-squares mean difference [95% CI]: 3.12 [0.68, 5.56], P = 0.0128). A trend was observed in favour of the positive control regimen compared with the control regimen. Secondary measurements of moisturization supported the primary efficacy outcome. Assessment of blemishes showed a significant difference between the test regimen vs. the control regimen for change from baseline in mean total blemish count at Week 8 (least-squares mean difference [95% CI]: -1.80 [-3.41, -0.19], P = 0.0290). No statistical comparisons between the positive control group and the test group were performed. CONCLUSION: This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that a novel lamellar lipid moisturizer containing niacinamide, in combination with a standard cleanser, can help moisturize the skin and provide an overall improvement in the complexion appearance of people with blemish-prone skin. STUDY REGISTRATION: NCT03093181.

OBJECTIF: Une étude randomisée a été conçue pour évaluer le bénéfice cosmétique potentiel d'une crème hydratante biomimétique contenant du niacinamide sur une peau grasse sujette aux imperfections. MÉTHODES: Des femmes adultes en bonne santé, à peau grasse sujette aux imperfections, ont été randomisées dans l'un des trois groupes de traitement : test, témoin ou témoin positif. Dans le groupe test, les sujets ont utilisé le produit testé (contenant 4 % de niacinamide), plus le nettoyant standard (Nettoyant visage Simple® doux pour la peau). Dans le groupe témoin, les sujets n'ont reçu aucune crème hydratante mais ont utilisé le nettoyant standard. Dans le groupe témoin positif, les sujets ont utilisé le gel crème Vivatinell Acnecinamide® (contenant 4 % de niacinamide) comme crème hydratante et le nettoyant visage pour réduire les imperfections Neutrogena Visibly Clear® (contenant 2 % d'acide salicylique) comme nettoyant. Le schéma de traitement du groupe témoin positif était inclus pour fournir une comparaison des estimations de la taille de l'effet. L'objectif principal était d'évaluer l'hydratation de la peau par le changement par rapport à la référence des valeurs du cornéomètre à 8 h pour le schéma de traitement testé par rapport au schéma de traitement témoin. Une analyse de covariance a été appliquée pour l'analyse de l'efficacité primaire. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 132 sujets ont été randomisés, dont 44 inclus dans chaque groupe de traitement. Une différence significative a été observée dans le critère d'évaluation principal en faveur du schéma de traitement testé par rapport au schéma de traitement témoin (différence moyenne des moindres carrés [IC à 95 %] : 3,12 [0,68, 5,56], P = 0,0128). Une tendance a été observée en faveur du schéma de traitement témoin positif par rapport au schéma de traitement témoin. Les mesures secondaires de l'hydratation ont appuyé le résultat principal d'efficacité. L'évaluation des imperfections a montré une différence significative entre le schéma de traitement testé par rapport au schéma de traitement témoin en ce qui concerne le changement par rapport à la référence dans le nombre moyen total d'imperfections à la semaine 8 (différence moyenne des moindres carrés [IC à 95 %] : _1,80 [_3,41, _0,19], P = 0,0290). Aucune comparaison statistique entre le groupe témoin positif et le groupe test n'a été réalisée. CONCLUSION: Cette étude fournit des éléments de preuve de concept qu'une nouvelle crème hydratante lipidique lamellaire à base de niacinamide, en association avec un nettoyant standard, peut permettre d'hydrater la peau et fournir une amélioration globale de l'aspect du teint chez des personnes dont la peau est sujette aux imperfections. Numéro d'enregistrement de l'étude : NCT03093181.

B4GALT1, LHR, FSHR and IGF2 polymorphisms and scrotal circumference in Nellore bulls / Polimorfismos dos genes B4GALT1, LHR, FSHR e IGF2 e perímetro escrotal em touros da raça Nelore

We assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase (B4GALT1), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) could be molecular markers for scrotal circumference (SC) in Nellore bulls. Animals with positive (+, n = 104) and negative (-, n = 74) expected progeny difference for scrotal circumference at 365 days (EPD SC 365) were selected and their SNPs were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The correlation between EPD SC 365 and expected progeny difference for age at first birth (EPD AFB) was also investigated. The SNPs in B4GALT1 and FSHR was not different between two groups analyzed. The CC genotype for LHR gene was most frequent in animals with EPD SC 365(+), whereas the TT was most frequent in the EPD SC 365(-). For IGF2 the CT and CC were the most frequent genotypes observed in animals with positive and negative EPD SC 365, respectively. The EPD SC 365 was negatively correlated with the EPD AFB (r = 0.23). We suggest that CC and TT genotypes for LHR and IGF2, respectively, could be possible molecular markers for SC selection in Nellore bulls, that can also predict for AFB.(AU)

Foram avaliados se polimorfismos de base única (SNPs) presentes nos genes beta-1,4- galactosiltransferase (B4GALT1), receptor de hormônio luteinizante (LHR), receptor de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSHR) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina 2 (IGF2) poderiam ser marcadores moleculares para o perímetro escrotal (PE) em touros da raça Nelore. Animais com diferença esperada de progênie positiva (+, n = 104) e negativa (-, n = 74) para PE aos 365 dias (DEP PE 365) foram selecionados e seus SNPs foram analisados utilizando a técnica de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). A correlação entre DEP PE 365 e idade ao primeiro parto (DEP IPP) também foi investigada. Os SNPs dos genes B4GALT1 e FSHR não apresentaram diferença entre os dois grupos analisados. O genótipo CC para o gene LHR foi mais freqüente em animais com DEP PE 365 (+), enquanto o TT foi mais frequente no grupo com DEP PE 365 (-). Para o gene IGF2, os genótipos CT e CC foram mais freqüentes em animais com DEP PE 365 positiva e negativa, respectivamente. A DEP PE 365 foi negativamente correlacionada com a DEP IPP (r = -0,23). O genótipo CC para o gene LHR e genótipo TT para o gene IGF2 podem ser possíveis marcadores de PE para a seleção assistida em touros da raça Nelore, podendo ser ainda preditores para IPP.(AU)

B4GALT1, LHR, FSHR and IGF2 polymorphisms and scrotal circumference in Nellore bulls / Polimorfismos dos genes B4GALT1, LHR, FSHR e IGF2 e perímetro escrotal em touros da raça Nelore

We assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase (B4GALT1), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) could be molecular markers for scrotal circumference (SC) in Nellore bulls. Animals with positive (+, n = 104) and negative (-, n = 74) expected progeny difference for scrotal circumference at 365 days (EPD SC 365) were selected and their SNPs were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The correlation between EPD SC 365 and expected progeny difference for age at first birth (EPD AFB) was also investigated. The SNPs in B4GALT1 and FSHR was not different between two groups analyzed. The CC genotype for LHR gene was most frequent in animals with EPD SC 365(+), whereas the TT was most frequent in the EPD SC 365(-). For IGF2 the CT and CC were the most frequent genotypes observed in animals with positive and negative EPD SC 365, respectively. The EPD SC 365 was negatively correlated with the EPD AFB (r = 0.23). We suggest that CC and TT genotypes for LHR and IGF2, respectively, could be possible molecular markers for SC selection in Nellore bulls, that can also predict for AFB.

Foram avaliados se polimorfismos de base única (SNPs) presentes nos genes beta-1,4- galactosiltransferase (B4GALT1), receptor de hormônio luteinizante (LHR), receptor de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSHR) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina 2 (IGF2) poderiam ser marcadores moleculares para o perímetro escrotal (PE) em touros da raça Nelore. Animais com diferença esperada de progênie positiva (+, n = 104) e negativa (-, n = 74) para PE aos 365 dias (DEP PE 365) foram selecionados e seus SNPs foram analisados utilizando a técnica de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). A correlação entre DEP PE 365 e idade ao primeiro parto (DEP IPP) também foi investigada. Os SNPs dos genes B4GALT1 e FSHR não apresentaram diferença entre os dois grupos analisados. O genótipo CC para o gene LHR foi mais freqüente em animais com DEP PE 365 (+), enquanto o TT foi mais frequente no grupo com DEP PE 365 (-). Para o gene IGF2, os genótipos CT e CC foram mais freqüentes em animais com DEP PE 365 positiva e negativa, respectivamente. A DEP PE 365 foi negativamente correlacionada com a DEP IPP (r = -0,23). O genótipo CC para o gene LHR e genótipo TT para o gene IGF2 podem ser possíveis marcadores de PE para a seleção assistida em touros da raça Nelore, podendo ser ainda preditores para IPP.

DNA Barcoding of an Assembly of Montane Andean Butterflies (Satyrinae): Geographical Scale and Identification Performance.

DNA barcoding is a technique used primarily for the documentation and identification of biological diversity based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Butterflies have received particular attention in DNA barcoding studies, although varied performance may be obtained due to different scales of geographic sampling and speciation processes in various groups. The montane Andean Satyrinae constitutes a challenging study group for taxonomy. The group displays high richness, with more of 550 species, and remarkable morphological similarity among taxa, which renders their identification difficult. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the identification of montane Andean satyrines and the effect of increased geographical scale of sampling on identification performance. Mitochondrial sequences were obtained from 104 specimens of 39 species and 16 genera, collected in a forest remnant in the northwest Andes. DNA barcoding has proved to be a useful tool for the identification of the specimens, with a well-defined gap and producing clusters with unambiguous identifications for all the morphospecies in the study area. The expansion of the geographical scale with published data increased genetic distances within species and reduced those among species, but did not generally reduce the success of specimen identification. Only in Forsterinaria rustica (Butler, 1868), a taxon with high intraspecific variation, the barcode gap was lost and low support for monophyly was obtained. Likewise, expanded sampling resulted in a substantial increase in the intraspecific distance in Morpho sulkowskyi (Kollar, 1850); Panyapedaliodes drymaea (Hewitson, 1858); Lymanopoda obsoleta (Westwood, 1851); and Lymanopoda labda Hewitson, 1861; but for these species, the barcode gap was maintained. These divergent lineages are nonetheless worth a detailed study of external and genitalic morphology variation, as well as ecological features, in order to determine the potential existence of cryptic species. Even including these cases, DNA barcoding performance in specimen identification was 100% successful based on monophyly, an unexpected result in such a taxonomically complicated group.

SPF and UVA-PF sunscreen evaluation: are there good correlations among results obtained in vivo, in vitro and in a theoretical Sunscreen Simulator? A real-life exercise.

OBJECTIVE: Strategies to optimize the development of sunscreens include the use of theoretical sunscreen simulators to predict sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) and in vitro measurements of UVA-PF. The aims of this study were to assess the correlations between (1) SPF and UVA-PF results obtained in a theoretical sunscreen simulator with those observed in vivo (SPF and UVA-PF) and in vitro (UVA-PF) and (2) the results of UVA-PF observed in vitro and in vivo for products in different galenic forms containing or not pigments. METHODS: BASF Sunscreen Simulator software was used to evaluate the theoretical performance of formulations regarding SPF and UVA protection. In vitroUVA-PF and in vivoSPF were determined for all formulations. UVA-PFin vivo measurements were carried out only on products for which the galenic forms (compact foundations and lip balms) or the presence of dye or pigments could make the results of UVA-PFin vitro less reliable (due to a possible uneven film formation). RESULTS: The results of the SPF calculated by the BASF Sunscreen Simulator presented a very good correlation with SPF observed in vivo in the absence of pigments (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) and a good correlation in the presence of pigments (r = 0.70; P < 0.05). The UVA-PF calculated by the BASF Sunscreen Simulator also exhibited a very good correlation with UVA-PF measured in vitro (r = 0.88; P < 0.05) for the formulations not containing pigment and a good correlation (r = 0.75; P < 0.05) for the formulations containing pigment. The correlation of same UVA-PF calculated by BASF Sunscreen Simulator with UVA-PF measured in vivo for the formulations containing pigment was r = 0.74 (P < 0.05), which is considered good. In addition, the measurements of UVA-PFin vivo presented a good correlation with the values obtained in vitro (r = 0.74; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the present study, the use of BASF Sunscreen Simulator and in vitroUVA tests showed good correlations with in vivo results and could be considered as valuable resources in the development of sunscreens.

Differential expression of the MHM region and of sex-determining-related genes during gonadal development in chicken embryos.

The chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo has been used as a classic model system for developmental studies because of its easy accessibility for surgical manipulation during embryonic development. Sex determination in birds is chromosomally based (ZZ for males and ZW for females); however, the basic mechanism of sex determination is still unknown. Here, the dynamics of expression of candidate genes implicated in vertebrate sex determination and differentiation were studied during embryonic chicken gonadal development. Gene expression profiles were obtained before, during, and after gonadal sex differentiation in females and males for DMRT1, SOX3, SOX9, DAX1, SCII, HINTZ, HINTW, and the male hypermethylated (MHM) region. Transcripts for the HINTZ, DMRT1, DAX1, SCII, and SOX9 genes were observed in both sexes, but expression was higher in male gonads and may be correlated with testicular differentiation. The expression patterns of HINTW, SOX3, and MHM suggest that they may act in ovary development and may be involved in meiosis entry. MHM was upregulated and DMRT1 was downregulated in females at the same developmental stage. This may indicate a regulation of DMRT1 by MHM ncRNA. Similar dynamics were observed between HINTW and HINTZ. This study reports on the MHM expression profile during gonadal development and its correlation with the expression of genes involved in vertebrate sex determination.

Ithomiini butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hymphalidae) of Antioquia, Colombia.

Colombia is one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet. However, economic and scientific investment in completing inventories of its biodiversity has been relatively poor in comparison with other Neotropical countries. Butterflies are the best studied group of invertebrates, with the highest proportion of known to expected species. More than 3,200 species of butterflies have been recorded in Colombia, although the study of the still many unexplored areas will presumably increase this number. This work provides a list of Ithomiini butterflies collected in the department of Antioquia and estimates the total number of species present, based on revision of entomological collections, records in the literature and field work performed between 2003 and 2011. The list includes 99 species and 32 genera, representing 27% of all Ithomiini species. We report 50 species of Ithomiini not formerly listed from Antioquia, and found the highest diversity of ithomiine species to be at middle elevations (900-1,800 m). The mean value of the Chao2 estimator for number of species in Antioquia is 115 species, which is close to a predicted total of 109 based on known distributions of other Ithomiini not yet recorded from the department. Nine species are potentially of particular conservation importance because of their restricted distributions, and we present range maps for each species. We also highlight areas in Antioquia with a lack of biodiversity knowledge to be targeted in future studies. This paper contributes to mapping the distribution of the Lepidoptera of Antioquia department in particular and of Colombia in general.

Sexing single bovine blastomeres using TSPY gene amplification.

The testis-specific protein Y-encoded gene (TSPY) is a Y-specific gene present in variable copy number in many mammalian species, including cattle. We tested the applicability of the TSPY gene as a Y-specific marker to predict preimplantation embryo sex in Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle. Two blastomeres were removed from each embryo. A total of 36 single blastomeres and the remaining cells of their 18 matched in vitro conceived embryos were screened for TSPY amplification by nested-PCR. The results obtained from a single blastomere and the remaining cells of the same embryo were concordant in all cases. All blastomeres (16/16) from eight embryos produced with sexed sperm (specific for production of male embryos) were TSPY-positive. We conclude that TSPY is a good male-specific marker, the usefulness of which is probably enhanced by the high copy number. Other methods that are less time-consuming, such as real-time PCR, could be improved with the use of the TSPY gene sequences to generate primers and/or probes. This is the first report to demonstrate the applicability of the TSPY gene for sexing single cells in cattle.

Identification of a DNA methylation point in the promoter region of the bovine CYP21 gene.

The CYP21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Bov-A2 is a retroposon that is common in ruminant genomes. The promoter region of bovine CYP21 contains a short interspersed nucleotide element of Bov-A2, which overlaps a putative Sp1 binding site. We looked for RFLP/HpaII polymorphism in the Bov-A2 element in bovine Zebu breeds by PCR-RFLP, and examined whether polymorphism in this element is associated with methylation. Among DNA samples from 135 Brazilian Zebu breed cattle, we identified an RFLP/HpaII polymorphism (T/C), which, based on a restriction methylation-sensitive assay employing HpaII and isoschizomer MspI enzymes (methylation-sensitive and -non-sensitive enzymes, respectively), appears to be a DNA methylation point. This is the first report of this polymorphism and on DNA methylation in the bovine CYP21 promoter region in Brazilian Zebu cattle.

[HIV infection and associated risk behaviours in a prison in Montevideo, Uruguay]. / Infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y conductas de riesgo asociadas en un Centro Penitenciario de Montevideo, Uruguay.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviours amongst inmates at the Montevideo Prison in 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of HIV infection and different risk practices were analysed in a sample of 191 individuals by means of a serological study and personal interview based on a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: A prevalence of 6.5% was found for HIV infection in prison. The variables that proved to be risk factors were: previous prison sentences (p=0.009; OR= 9.51; IC95%: 1.31-144,0), having had an HIV (+) sexual partner in the past (p=0.000025; OR=7.87; IC95%: 2.58-23.9), current relationship with an HIV (+) partner (p=0.0013; OR=14.24; IC95%: 2.84-70.65), intravenous drug use (p=0.0001; OR=22.6; IC95%: 6.87-78.9), intravenous drug use in prison (p=0.03; OR=4.93; IC95%: 1.10-22.81) and sharing needles (p=0.004; OR=12.5; IC95%: 1.72-114.7).

MUC1 VNTR polymorphism is not associated with early puberty in Nelore cattle (Bos primigenius indicus)

MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the male and female reproductive tracts, which plays a broad functional role in reproduction. An important feature ofMUC1 is the presence of a VNTR polymorphism in the extracellular domain that is associated with the function of the molecule. In view of its role in reproduction, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the length of the MUC1 VNTR on the early puberty phenotype in Nelore cattle. A total of 230 heifers were studied, including 77 sexually precocious heifers and 153 regular heifers. The genotype was identified by PCR and the allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups (precocious or regular heifers) were compared by Fisher’s exact test using the population differentiation module of the GenePop program, version 3.4. The associations between VNTR polymorphism and early puberty were analyzed as discrete data using the SAS GenMod procedure of SAS. Higher frequencies were observed for allele 1, 2, and 3, with allele 1 being predominant in both groups. No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were observed between precocious and regular heifers. The analyses using ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts suggest that the MUC1 VNTR variation is not associated with early puberty in cattle. Previous studies regarding the MUC1 polymorphism in Nelore cattle suggested that the high frequency of the 1 allele is a characteristic of Brazilian Nelore cattle.

MUC1 VNTR polymorphism is not associated with early puberty in Nelore cattle (Bos primigenius indicus)

MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the male and female reproductive tracts, which plays a broad functional role in reproduction. An important feature ofMUC1 is the presence of a VNTR polymorphism in the extracellular domain that is associated with the function of the molecule. In view of its role in reproduction, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the length of the MUC1 VNTR on the early puberty phenotype in Nelore cattle. A total of 230 heifers were studied, including 77 sexually precocious heifers and 153 regular heifers. The genotype was identified by PCR and the allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups (precocious or regular heifers) were compared by Fishers exact test using the population differentiation module of the GenePop program, version 3.4. The associations between VNTR polymorphism and early puberty were analyzed as discrete data using the SAS GenMod procedure of SAS. Higher frequencies were observed for allele 1, 2, and 3, with allele 1 being predominant in both groups. No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were observed between precocious and regular heifers. The analyses using ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts suggest that the MUC1 VNTR variation is not associated with early puberty in cattle. Previous studies regarding the MUC1 polymorphism in Nelore cattle suggested that the high frequency of the 1 allele is a characteristic of Brazilian Nelore cattle.(AU)

Antifungal principles from Piper fulvescens.

Activity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from leaves of Piper fulvescens, using an agar overlay bioautographic method, led to the isolation of three antifungal neolignans identified as conocarpan, eupomatenoid 5 and eupomatenoid 6. The minimal inhibitory concentration of these three neolignans against five fungi strains were determined. Conocarpan showed the widest activity, whereas eupomatenoid 6 was the most active against dermatophytes.

Antifungal activity of Paraguayan plants used in traditional medicine.

The antifungal activity of aqueous, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from 14 Paraguayan plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin diseases was assayed in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against 11 fungal strains comprising several filamentous fungi and yeasts. Among them, the dichloromethane extracts of Acanthospermum australe, Calycophyllum multiflorum, Geophila repens and Tabebuia avellanedae, as well as the aqueous and methanol extracts of the latter, showed the highest activity.

Chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper fulvescens, a plant traditionally used in Paraguay.

The essential oil from the leaves of the aromatic aniseed smelling plant Piper fulvescens, obtained by hydrodistillation, was investigated by GC and GC-MS, as well as by 13C-NMR after fractionation of the oil by column chromatography. A total of 37 constituents, representing 78.2% of the oil were identified. The main compounds were trans-anethole (26.4%) and ishwarane (12.1%), an unusual sesquiterpene hydrocarbon.