Impact of rectal washout in local recurrence: a meta-analysis and systemic review.

Introduction: Rectal washout is proposed for eliminating free cancer cells, yet evidence on its efficacy in preventing local recurrence after anterior resection is inconclusive. Material and methods: Contrasting rectal washout (RW) and non-rectal washout (NRW) in rectal cancer, a prospective study of randomized control trials (RCT) and non-randomized control trials (NRCT) from January 2005 to July 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases. Meta-statistical analysis in RevMan 5.4 addressed heterogeneity. Results: In analysis involving 19,855 patients (15127 RW, 4728 NRW) from eight studies, RW significantly reduced local recurrence (OR = 0.48), intraoperative RW (OR = 0.65), radical resection margins (OR = 1.89), and neoadjuvant therapy (OR = 0.99) (all p < 0.05). Subgroup RCT analysis reinforced these findings. Conclusions: Rectal washout correlates with improved outcomes, while non-washout patients benefit more from neoadjuvant therapy. Notably, rectal washout without neoadjuvant remains efficacious.

MOF-Derived Nanoparticles with Enhanced Acoustical Performance for Efficient Mechano-Sonodynamic Therapy.

Ultrasound (US) generates toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by acting on sonosensitizers for cancer treatment, and the mechanical damage induced by cavitation effects under US is equally significant. Therefore, designing a novel sonosensitizer that simultaneously possesses efficient ROS generation and enhanced mechanical effects is promising. In this study, carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (C-ZnO) are constructed for mechano-sonodynamic cancer therapy. The presence of carbon (C) doping optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing the ROS generation triggered by US, efficiently inducing tumor cell death. On the other hand, the high specific surface area and porous structure brought about by C doping enable C-ZnO to enhance the mechanical stress induced by cavitation bubbles under US irradiation, causing severe mechanical damage to tumor cells. Under the dual effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and mechanical therapy mediated by C-ZnO, excellent anti-tumor efficacy is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, along with a high level of biological safety. This is the first instance of utilizing an inorganic nanomaterial to achieve simultaneous enhancement of ROS production and US-induced mechanical effects for cancer therapy. This holds significant importance for the future development of novel sonosensitizers and advancing the applications of US in cancer treatment.

CAR-T cell therapy in advanced thyroid cancer: from basic to clinical.

The majority of patients with thyroid cancer can attain a favorable prognosis with a comprehensive treatment program based on surgical treatment. However, the current treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer are still limited. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has received widespread attention in the field of oncology treatment. It has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, due to the constraints of multiple factors, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, has not yet met expectations. This review outlines the fundamental structure and treatment strategies of CAR-T cells, provides an overview of the advancements in both preclinical investigations and clinical trials focusing on targets associated with CAR-T cell therapy in treating thyroid cancer, and discusses the challenges and solutions to CAR-T cell therapy for thyroid cancer. In conclusion, CAR-T cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for thyroid cancer, and we hope that our review will provide a timely and updated study of CAR-T cell therapy for thyroid cancer to advance the field.

Octahedral Nanocrystals of Ru-Doped PtFeNiCuW/CNTs High-Entropy Alloy: High Performance towards pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Integrating high-entropy philosophy and nanocrystal-specific orientation into a single catalyst represents a promising strategy in the development of high-performance catalysts. Nonetheless, shape-controlled synthesis of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals is a challenging task owing to the distinct redox potentials and growth dynamics of metal elements. Herein, a one-pot co-reduction method is developed to fabricate ruthenium (Ru)-doped PtFeNiCuW octahedral HEA nanocrystals onto carbon nanotubes (Ru-PtFeNiCuW/CNTs). It is demonstrated that Ru dopants and W(CO)6 promote the concurrent reduction and growth of other metal precursors to obtain higher yield and larger size of HEA nanocrystals, despite the low Ru content in Ru-PtFeNiCuW/CNTs. As an electrocatalyst towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Ru-PtFeNiCuW/CNTs exhibits a low overpotentials of 9, 16 and 34 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 19.2, 27.9 and 23.1 mV dec-1 in acidic, alkaline and neutral electrolytes, respectively. As a cathodic catalyst, Ru-PtFeNiCuW/CNTs operates for up to 1500 and 1200 hours in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively, at a current density of 50 mA cm-2 in a two-electrode system for full water splitting. Theoretical calculations reveal the accelerated kinetics of H2O dissociation on W sites and *H desorption on hollow Cu-Cu-Cu and Cu-Cu-Pt sites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Review of Wearable Optical Fiber Sensors for Rehabilitation Monitoring.

As the global aging population increases, the demand for rehabilitation of elderly hand conditions has attracted increased attention in the field of wearable sensors. Owing to their distinctive anti-electromagnetic interference properties, high sensitivity, and excellent biocompatibility, optical fiber sensors exhibit substantial potential for applications in monitoring finger movements, physiological parameters, and tactile responses during rehabilitation. This review provides a brief introduction to the principles and technologies of various fiber sensors, including the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor, self-luminescent stretchable optical fiber sensor, and optic fiber Fabry-Perot sensor. In addition, specific applications are discussed within the rehabilitation field. Furthermore, challenges inherent to current optical fiber sensing technology, such as enhancing the sensitivity and flexibility of the sensors, reducing their cost, and refining system integration, are also addressed. Due to technological developments and greater efforts by researchers, it is likely that wearable optical fiber sensors will become commercially available and extensively utilized for rehabilitation.

Globotriaosylsphingosine improves risk stratification of kidney progression in Fabry disease patients.

BACKGROUND: Kidney damage is common in patients with Fabry disease (FD), but more accurate information about the risk of progression to kidney failure is needed for clinical decision-making. In particular, FD patients with mild renal involvement often lack timely intervention and treatment. We aimed to utilize a model to predict the risk of renal progression in FD patients. METHODS: Between November 2011 and November 2019, ERT-naive patients with FD were recruited from three medical centers in China. To assess the risk of a 50% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), Cox proportional hazards models were utilized. The performance of these models was assessed using discrimination, calibration, and reclassification. RESULTS: A total of 117 individuals were enrolled. The mean follow-up time was 4.8 years, during which 35 patients (29.9 %) progressed to the composite renal outcomes. Male sex, baseline proteinuria, eGFR and globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) were found to be independent risk factors for kidney progression by the Cox model, based on which a combined model containing those clinical variables and Lyso-Gb3 and clinical models including only clinical indicators were constructed. The two prediction models had relatively good performance, with similar model fit measured by R2 (59.8 % vs. 61.1 %) and AIC (51.54 vs. 50.08) and a slight increase in the C statistic (0.949 vs. 0.951). Calibration curves indicated closer alignment between predicted and actual renal outcomes in the combined model. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that Lyso-Gb3 significantly improved the predictive performance of the combined model for kidney prognosis in low-risk patients with a baseline eGFR over 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria levels less than 1 g/d when compared to the clinical model. CONCLUSIONS: Lyso-Gb3 improves the prediction of kidney outcomes in FD patients with a low risk of progression, suggesting that these patients may benefit from early intervention to assist in clinical management. These findings need to be externally validated.

Is low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening conveniently accessible in China? A spatial analysis based on cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Regular Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer high-risk population has been proved to improve health outcomes and relieve disease burden efficiently for both individual and society. With geographical impedance becoming the major barrier preventing patients from getting timely healthcare service, this study incorporated health seeking behavior in estimating spatial accessibility of relative scarce LDCT resource in China, thus to provide real-world evidence for future government investment and policy making. METHODS: Taking Sichuan Province in southwest China as the study area, a cross-sectional survey was first carried out to collect actual practice and preferences for seeking LDCT services. Using Computed Tomography (CT) registration data reported by owner institutions representing LDCT services capacity, and grided town-level high-risk population as demand, the Nearest Neighbor Method was then utilized to calculate spatial accessibility of LDCT services. RESULTS: A total of 2,529 valid questionnaires were collected, with only 34.72% of the high-risk populations (746 individuals) followed the recommended annual screening. Participants preferred to travel to municipal-level and above institutions within 60 min for LDCT services. Currently, every thousand high-risk populations own 0.0845 CT scanners in Sichuan Province, with 96.95% able to access LDCT within 60 min and over half within 15 min. Urban areas generally showed better accessibility than rural areas, and the more developed eastern regions were better than the western regions with ethnic minority clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial access to LDCT services is generally convenient in Sichuan Province, but disparity exists between different regions and population groups. Improving LDCT capacity in county-level hospitals as well as promoting health education and policy guidance to the public can optimize efficiency of existing CT resources. Implementing mobile CT services and improving rural public transportation may alleviate emerging disparities in accessing early lung cancer detection.

Reorganization of 3D genome architecture provides insights into pathogenesis of early fatty liver disease in laying hens.

BACKGROUND: Fatty liver disease causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its high occurrence and lethality rate. Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture takes part in disease processing by regulating transcriptional reprogramming. The study is carried out to investigate the alterations of hepatic 3D genome and H3K27ac profiling in early fatty liver (FLS) and reveal their effect on hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in laying hens. RESULTS: Results show that FLS model is constructed with obvious phenotypes including hepatic visible lipid deposition as well as higher total triglyceride and cholesterol in serum. A/B compartment switching, topologically associating domain (TAD) and chromatin loop changes are identified by high-throughput/resolution chromosome conformation capture (HiC) technology. Targeted genes of these alternations in hepatic 3D genome organization significantly enrich pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatic damage. H3K27ac differential peaks and differential expression genes (DEGs) identified through RNA-seq analysis are also enriched in these pathways. Notably, certain DEGs are found to correspond with changes in 3D chromatin structure and H3K27ac binding in their promoters. DNA motif analysis reveals that candidate transcription factors are implicated in regulating transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, disturbed folate metabolism is observed, as evidenced by lower folate levels and altered enzyme expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings establish a link between transcriptional reprogramming changes and 3D chromatin structure variations during early FLS formation, which provides candidate transcription factors and folate as targets for FLS prevention or treatment.

A Study on the Nanostructural Evolution of Bi/C Anode Materials during Their First Charge/Discharge Processes.

As a candidate anode material for Li-ion batteries, Bi-based materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their high specific capacity, environmental friendliness, and simple synthesis methods. However, Bi-based anode materials are prone to causing large volume changes during charging and discharging processes, and the effect of these changes on lithium storage performance is still unclear. This work introduces that Bi/C nanocomposites are prepared by the Bi-based MOF precursor calcination method, and that the Bi/C nanocomposite maintains a high specific capacity (931.6 mAh g-1) with good multiplicative performance after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1. The structural evolution of Bi/C anode material during the first cycle of charging and discharging is investigated using in situ synchrotron radiation SAXS. The SAXS results indicate that the multistage scatterers of Bi/C composite, used as an anode material during the first lithiation, can be classified into mesopores, interspaces, and Bi nanoparticles. The different nanostructure evolutions of three types of Bi nanoparticles were observed. It is believed that this result will help to further understand the complex reaction mechanism of Bi-based anode materials in Li-ion batteries.

Digital PCR-based GRHL2 methylation testing in acute myeloid leukemia: diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a challenging disease with high rates of recurrence. The role of the cancer-related gene GRHL2 in AML has not been widely studied. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 73 AML patients and 68 healthy controls. Droplet digital PCR was used to detect GRHL2 methylation levels to explore the value of GRHL2 methylation in the diagnosis, treatment response and prognosis of AML. Result: GRHL2 methylation was significantly increased in AML patients (p < 0.01), with high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve: 0.848; p < 0.001). GRHL2 methylation was correlated with chemotherapy response (p < 0.05) and is an independent prognostic factor for AML (p < 0.05). Conclusion: GRHL2 methylation is expected to serve as a biomarker for diagnosing AML patients and predicting prognosis.

[Evolution and Application of Disease Control Priorities]. / ç–¾ç— æŽ§åˆ¶ä¼˜å ˆçš„æ¼”è¿›åŠåº”ç”¨.

Disease control priority (DCP) is an important public health intervention strategy. Diseases that should be prioritized for prevention and control are first screened with a series of criteria, including the severity of the disease burden, the effectiveness of disease control technologies, the prevention and control capacity of the existing health system, etc. Then, the prevention and control technologies for these diseases undergo qualitative evaluation (eg, face-to-face interviews, expert consultation, workshops, etc) and quantitative evaluation (eg, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis, etc). Finally, the public health initiatives that should be prioritized are identified. From the conception of the idea, to the formal proposition of the concept, to guidance for practice, DCP has gone through more than 70 years of development. Through DCP, significant contributions has been made to improving the efficiency of health care service systems and promoting the health of populations in developing countries. Herein, we systematically reviewed the background, development history, realization method, and practical applications of DCP, focusing on exploring the application potential of DCP in health governance and providing technical support and decision-making reference for the comprehensive promotion of the Healthy China Initiative.

Fecal microbiota transplantation revealed the function of folic acid on reducing abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens mediated by gut microbiota.

Excess abdominal fat reduces carcass yield and feed conversion ratio, thereby resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Our previous study demonstrated that dietary addition of folic acid reduced fat deposition and changed gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid. However, whether folic acid regulating abdominal fat deposition was mediated by gut microbiota was unclear. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups including the control (CON), folic acid (FA), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) groups. From 14th day, broiler chickens in CON and FA groups were given perfusion administration with 1 mL diluent daily, while 1 mL fecal microbiota transplantation suspension from FA group prepared before was perfusion in FMT group receiving control diets. The result showed that abdominal fat percentage was significantly lower in FA and FMT groups when compared with CON group (P < 0.05). Morphology analysis revealed that the villus height of jejunum and ileum were significantly higher in FMT group (P < 0.05), and the villus height of jejunum was also significantly higher in FA group (P < 0.05), while the diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) of adipocytes were significantly decreased in FA and FMT groups when compared with CON group (P < 0.05). Western blot results indicated that the expression levels of FOXO1 and PLIN1 in FMT group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Additionally, the Chao1, Observed-species, Shannon and Simpson indexes in FA and FMT groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05), but the microbiota were similar between FMT and FA groups (P < 0.05). LEfSe analysis determined that Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Dehalobacterium were found to be predominant in FA group, while Oscillospira, Shigella, and Streptococcus were the dominant microflora in FMT group. Furthermore, these cecal microbiota were mostly involved in infectious disease, cellular community prokaryotes, cell motility and signal transduction in FA group (P < 0.05), whereas functional capacities involved in signal transduction, cell motility, infectious disease and environment adaptation were enriched significantly of cecal microbiota in FMT group (P < 0.05). In summary, both fecal microbiota transplantation from the broiler chickens of dietary added folic acid and dietary folic acid addition effectively reduced abdominal fat deposition, indicating that the regulatory effect of folic acid on abdominal fat deposition was mediated partly by gut microbiota in broiler chickens.

Hollow-Structured and Polyhedron-Shaped High Entropy Oxide toward Highly Active and Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction in a Full pH Range.

High entropy metal oxides (HEO) are superior to many reactions involving multi-step elementary reactions. However, controlled synthesis of hollow-structured HEO catalysts, which offers large surface area and fast mass transfer kinetics, remains challenging and unexplored due to the complicated metal precursors. Herein, a metal organic framework-templated synthesis of hollow-structured and polyhedron-shaped HEO catalysts assembled with ultra-small nanoparticles, with up to ten metal elements, can be achieved, by taking advantage of the ion-exchange method. ZnFeNiCuCoRu-O HEO catalyst displays excellent activity and ultra-stability for oxygen evolution reaction in full pH range, with an overpotential of 170 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec-1 , and a decay of activity by 7% in 30 h in alkaline medium, as well as a 12% and 8% decay in acidic and neutral medium, respectively. DFT calculation indicates that the energy barrier of the potential determining step on Ru-Fe bridge site is significantly lower than any other Ru-related bridge sites for the unique hollow structured HEO structures. This work highlights the importance of ion-exchange method in preparing highly stable and active hollow-structured HEOs catalysts toward highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices.

Epithelial CRL4DCAF2 Is Critical for Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis Against DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating the Proliferation and Repair of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently gaining an increasing global interest. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial toward developing IBD; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet elucidated. This study is aimed at elucidating the function of CRL4DCAF2, an E3 ligase, toward mediating intestinal homeostasis. METHODS: Colon samples were collected from patients with IBD and healthy individuals to examine the expression of CRL4DCAF2. CRL4DCAF2 conditional knockdown in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) (DCAF2EKD) were constructed. DCAF2EKD and their littermate control (DCAF2EWT) were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce acute colitis. Transcriptome analysis was performed on inflamed colon samples obtained from the mice. Cell cycle regulators were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while tight junction and apoptosis proteins were examined via immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS: CRL4DCAF2 expression was significantly decreased in the inflamed IBD epithelium, and low expression of CRL4DCAF2 associated with high recurrence risk. Mice with DCAF2 specific knockout in IECs suffer from embryonic death. Multiple genes involved in cell proliferation, immune response, and gap junction were differentially expressed in inflamed colon from DCAF2EKD compared with DCAF2EWT. Furthermore, conditional downregulation of CRL4DCAF2 in the intestinal epithelium induced primarily epithelial damage, increased intestinal permeability, and diminished tight junction protein expression. In vivo and in vitro cell transfection experiments revealed that CRL4DCAF2 enhanced cell proliferation by promoting p21 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting G2/M cell cycle. In addition, CRL4DCAF2 can also inhibit IEC apoptosis and promote cell autophagy. CONCLUSIONS: CRL4DCAF2 downregulation in IECs promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction and inhibits IEC proliferation, thus making it more susceptible to inflammation.

The epidemiology and clinical features of pediatric acute pancreatitis in north of Guizhou, China.

Background: The epidemiological data on distribution of pediatric acute pancreatitis was deficiency. And the purpose of this research was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of pediatric acute pancreatitis in the population in north of Guizhou, China. Design and methods: A retrospective case analysis was conducted to accomplish the aim. Patients who were under 18 years old with acute pancreatitis were recruited. Data were collected directly from Hospital Information System (HIS) after patients were discharged from the hospital. Results: A total of 95 children aged from 3 to 17 years were collected, 49 patients were boys and 46 were girls. In addition, the percentage of acute pancreatitis occurring in girls aged 15-17 years was significantly higher than that of boys (54.3% vs 36.7%). Meanwhile, the percentage of severe patients over 12 years exceeded 90.0%. Moreover, the proportion of severe acute pancreatitis in girls was significantly higher than that in boys (26.1% vs 10.2%), and 64.7% of severe patients were from 12 to 14. What's more, more patients occurred in May, June, and December and on weekends, 47.1% (8/17) severe cases occurred in May, June, and July, and 47.1% (8/17) severe patients occurred on weekend. The length of hospitalization and hospitalization costs of severe patients were found higher compared to mild patients. Conclusions: Higher risk of pediatric acute pancreatitis, especially severe acute pancreatitis, in north of Guizhou, China occurred on weekend, during May and June, and among children aged 12-17 years, especially girls. Additionally, severe acute pancreatitis was associated with higher hospitalization costs and longer hospitalization length.

Age-associated changes in the growth development of abdominal fat and their correlations with cecal gut microbiota in broiler chickens.

Excess abdominal fat is a common phenomenon in broiler chickens. Gut microbiota could regulate lipid metabolism through their effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between abdominal fat development and cecal microorganism populations. Abdominal fat and cecum contents were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age. The results showed that abdominal fat weight increased with age. The abdominal fat percentage was higher between 7 and 21 d of age than at 3 d (P < 0.05), and it increased again at 28 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Morphological analysis showed that adipocyte diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly after 14 d of age (P < 0.05). Moreover, gut microbiota analysis indicated that the Chao1 and Shannon indices were higher between 14 and 28 d than at 3 d of age (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LEfse analysis revealed that Faecalibacterium, Anaerotruncus, Anaeroplasma, Subdoligranulum, and Clostridium emerged to become dominant at 14 d. A greater abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Dehalobacterium, and Lactobacillus were determined at 28 d when compared with 14 d of age. Parabacteroides, Ochrobactrum, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Alistipes, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Suuterella were found to be predominant at 42 d. PICRUSt analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and terpenoids and polyketides metabolism were elevated at 14 d; the immune and digestive systems were significantly developed at 28 d. In addition, cecum propionic acid and butyric acid contents gradually increased (P < 0.05), while the isobutyric acid contents gradually decreased with advancing age (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis among SCFAs, differential genera and abdominal fat suggested that Coprobacillus, Shigella, and Butyricicoccus had negative correlations with propionic acid, butyric acid, and abdominal fat weight, but positive correlations with isobutyric acid. Isobutyric acid was identified as being negatively associated with abdominal fat weight, while the reverse was found for propionic acid and butyric acid. In conclusion, abdominal fat development is correlated with the emergence of specific microbes and d 14 may be a pivotal age for establishing this relationship.

Robot-assisted surgery versus laparoscopic surgery of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The clinical effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RP) compared with laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) have not been clearly established in ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) children and require review. We searched in the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI database on 30 June 2022. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in RevMan 5.4 based on studies comparing RP versus LP in children with UPJO and subgroup analysis in children < 2 years of age has been performed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the studies. We included one RCT, and eighteen cohort studies, a total involving 3370 children. Compared with LP, RP showed higher surgical success rates (OR 2.57, 95%CI (1.24, 5.32), P < 0.05), lower postoperative complication rates (OR 0.61, 95%CI (0.38, 0.99), P < 0.05), shorter hospital stay (MD - 1.04, 95% CI (- 1.6, - 0.47), P < 0.05) as well as operative time (MD - 22.11, 95%CI (- 35.91, - 8.31), P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected for intraoperative complication rates or conversion to open surgery rates. RP is an alternative to UPJO with higher success rates, and less postoperative complications. Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of RP compared with LP for UPJO children is of low certainty. More quality evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials is needed to obtain more reliable analysis results.

Alterations in hepatic transcriptome and cecum microbiota underlying potential ways to prevent early fatty liver in laying hens.

Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is a kind of nutritional metabolic disease in laying hens. Revealing FLS pathogenesis during the early period is what really makes sense for the prevention or nutritional regulation strategies. In the study, 9 healthy or naturally occurring early FLS birds were screened based on visual inspection, liver index and morphologic analysis. Liver and fresh cecal content samples were collected. Then transcriptomic and 16S rRNA technologies are applied to investigate hepatic transcriptome and cecum microbiota composition. Unpaired Student t test and some omics methods were used for statistical analysis. Results showed higher liver weight and index were found in FLS group; morphologic analysis indicated that there existed more lipid droplets in the liver of birds with FLS. Based on DESeq2 analysis, there were 229 up- and 487 down-regulated genes in the FLS group, among which most genes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that pathways associated with lipid metabolism and liver damage were affected. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of cecum microbiota showed that there was a significant difference between the Con and FLS groups. LEfSe analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Odoribacter, Collinsella, Turicibacter, YRC22, Enterococcus, Shigella, and Bifidobacterium were down-regulated in the FLS group, whereas the abundance of Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Butyricicoccus, Campylobacter, Akkermansia, and Clostridium were up-regulated. The KEGG enrichment from differential microbiota suggested that some metabolism-related functions were altered to some extent. Taken together, during the developmental of early fatty liver of laying hens, lipogenesis was enhanced, whereas abnormal metabolism occurs not only in lipid transportation but also in hydrolysis, which caused structural damage to the liver organ. Moreover, the dysbiosis of the cecum microbiota occurred. All of these serve as targets or provide theoretical references for the development of probiotics for fatty liver prevention in laying hens.

Genome analysis reveals hepatic transcriptional reprogramming changes mediated by enhancers during chick embryonic development.

The liver undergoes a slow process for lipid deposition during chick embryonic period. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to reveal the epigenetic mechanism of hepatic transcriptional reprogramming changes based on the integration analysis of RNA-seq and H3K27ac labeled CUT&Tag. Results showed that lipid contents increased gradually with the embryonic age (E) 11, E15, and E19 based on morphological analysis of Hematoxylin-eosin and Oil Red O staining as well as total triglyceride and cholesterol detection. The hepatic protein level of SREBP-1c was higher in E19 when compared with that in E11 and E15, while H3K27ac and H3K4me2 levels declined from E11 to E19. Differential expression genes (DEGs) among these 3 embryonic ages were determined by transcriptome analysis. A total of 107 and 46 genes were gradually upregulated and downregulated respectively with the embryonic age. Meanwhile, differential H3K27ac occupancy in chromatin was investigated. But the integration analysis of RNA-seq and CUT&Tag data showed that the overlap genes were less between DEGs and target genes of differential peaks in the promoter regions. Further, some KEGG pathways enriched from target genes of typical enhancer were overlapped with those from DEGs in transcriptome analysis such as insulin, FoxO, MAPK signaling pathways which were related to lipid metabolism. DNA motif analysis identify 8 and 10 transcription factors (TFs) based on up and down differential peaks individually among E11, E15, and E19 stages where 7 TFs were overlapped including COUP-TFII, FOXM1, FOXA1, HNF4A, RXR, ERRA, FOXA2. These results indicated that H3K27ac histone modification is involved in the transcriptional reprogramming regulation during embryonic development, which could recruit TFs binding to mediate differential enhancer activation. Differential activated enhancer impels dynamic transcriptional reprogramming towards lipid metabolism to promote the occurrence of special phenotype of hepatic lipid deposition.