ABSTRACT
The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies.
Subject(s)
Genomics , Isoptera , Phylogeny , Isoptera/genetics , Isoptera/classification , Animals , Genomics/methods , Genome, InsectABSTRACT
Oxaliplatin and capecitabine are instrumental in the adjunctive and palliative systemic management of colorectal cancer. The concurrent administration of these chemotherapeutic agents often results in adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia, and hand-foot syndrome. However, reports of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) caused by oxaliplatin and capecitabine are scarce. In this case study, we report a rare occurrence of lower-extremity DVT triggered by synergistic oxaliplatin and capecitabine chemotherapy in a patient diagnosed with malignant colon cancer. During the initial cycle of chemotherapy, the patient demonstrated DVT within the intermuscular veins of the right calf and abnormalities in markers of coagulation function. Enlargement of the intermuscular venous thrombosis and an increase in coagulation markers were observed subsequent to the second chemotherapy cycle. From our experience of this case, we suggest that DVT is induced by oxaliplatin and capecitabine warrants vigilant attention. Risk assessment for DVT prior to chemotherapy, coupled with early detection and intervention, is crucial for DVT prevention. Furthermore, enhancing the awareness of health care professionals and patients about the potential of chemotherapy-induced DVT is of paramount importance. Consequently, this case carries significant clinical implications.
ABSTRACT
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a structure-sensitive reaction of which performance is strongly related to the active phase, particle size, and exposed facets. Compared with the full-pledged investigation on the active phase and particle size, the facet effect has been limited to theoretical studies or single-crystal surfaces, lacking experimental reports of practical catalysts, especially for Fe-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the facet sensitivity of iron carbides in FTS. As the prerequisite, {202} and {112} facets of χ-Fe5C2 are fabricated as the outer shell through the conformal reconstruction of Fe3O4 nanocubes and octahedra, as the inner cores, respectively. During FTS, the activity and stability are highly sensitive to the exposed facet of iron carbides, whereas the facet sensitivity is not prominent for the chain growth. According to mechanistic studies, {202} χ-Fe5C2 surfaces follow hydrogen-assisted CO dissociation which lowers the activation energy compared with the direct CO dissociation over {112} surfaces, affording the high FTS activity.
ABSTRACT
Photosynthesis provides carbon sources and energy for crop growth and development, and the widespread presence of microplastics and plastic plasticisers in agricultural soils affects crop photosynthesis, but the mechanism of the effect is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of different microplastics and plasticizers on cucumber photosynthesis. Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) as representative microplastics and plasticizers, we assessed their impact on cucumber photosynthesis. Our results reveal significant alterations in key parameters: intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) increased across all treatments, whereas stomatal limit value (Ls) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased. Notably, PS + DOP treatment led to a significant reduction in the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and ATP accumulation. Furthermore, PE and PS + DOP treatments decreased lycopene and É-carotene synthesis rates, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. All treatments inhibited the conversion of ß-carotene into strigolactone (SL) and decreased chlorophyll synthesis rates, with PS + DOP exhibiting the most severe impact. Regarding chlorophyll degradation pathways, PVC and PE treatments reduced chlorophyll decomposition rates, whereas DOP with PS promoted degradation. PE and PS treatments also impaired light energy capture, electron transport, and the structural stability of photosystems I and II, as well as photosynthetic capacity and NADPH and ATP synthesis rates. Our findings underscore the differential impacts of microplastics and plasticizers on cucumber photosynthesis, with PS + DOP having the most detrimental effect. These results shed light on the complex interactions between microplastics and plant physiology, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation strategies in agricultural practices to safeguard crop productivity and environmental sustainability.
Subject(s)
Cucumis sativus , Microplastics , Photosynthesis , Polystyrenes , Soil Pollutants , Cucumis sativus/drug effects , Cucumis sativus/physiology , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Microplastics/toxicity , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Phthalic Acids , Plasticizers/toxicityABSTRACT
Two new species, Pentacarinus maculosus sp. nov. and Pentacarinus tenebrosus sp. nov., from Burmese amber are described. Alongside the type species P. kachinensis already described, they are easily distinguishable by the tegmina patterns. The diagnosis of the genus Pentacarinus is amended, notably with fusion of Pcu + A1 distad of forking CuA, the fork ScP + R approximately close to basal 1/5 of tegmen, basad of forking CuA, and only one transverse veinlet ir between RP and RA on forewings. Additionally, a key to these three species of Pentacarinus is provided.
ABSTRACT
Antibiotics are a new type of environmental pollutants. Due to its wide application in many fields, antibiotic residues are ubiquitous in the wastewater environments. Given their potential threat on water ecosystem functioning and public health, the detection of antibiotic residues in wastewater environments has become very necessary. Based on the complexation of Al3+ with flumequine (FLU), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX), their molecular conjugated area were increased and fluorescence intensity were enhanced, combined with synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS) had good selectivity and high sensitivity, a novel method of Al3+ sensitized synchronous fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of FLU, CIP and DOX residues in wastewater was established. When the wavelength difference (Δλ) was selected 115.0 nm, synchronous fluorescence spectra of the three antibiotics could be well separated and the interference of wastewater matrix were eliminated primely. The new SFS made good use of spectral separation instead of conventional chemical separation, and the actual wastewater sample could be directly determined after simple filtration. The experiment results showed that the concentrations of FLU, CIP and DOX in the range of 0.5000-800.0 ng·mL-1, 0.5000-640.0 ng·mL-1 and 10.00-3500 ng·mL-1 had a good linear relationship with fluorescence intensity. The detection limits of three antibiotics were 0.02054 ng·mL-1, 0.03956 ng·mL-1 and 0.8524 ng·mL-1, respectively. Recovery rates of three antibiotics in wastewater samples were 90.72%-98.23%, 88.68%-95.08% and 85.94%-96.70%. The new SFS established in this experiment had the advantages of simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and good selectivity. Simultaneous and rapid detection of FLU, CIP and DOX residues in wastewater was successfully realized. It had good application prospects in real-time water quality monitoring.
Subject(s)
Ciprofloxacin , Doxycycline , Fluoroquinolones , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Wastewater , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Wastewater/chemistry , Ciprofloxacin/analysis , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Doxycycline/analysis , Fluoroquinolones/analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Aluminum/analysisABSTRACT
Scar tissue is the inevitable result of repairing human skin after it has been subjected to external destructive stimuli. It leads to localized damage to the appearance of the skin, accompanied by symptoms such as itching and pain, which reduces the quality of life of the patient and causes serious medical burdens. With the continuous development of economy and society, there is an increasing demand for beauty. People are looking forward to a safer and more effective method to eliminate pathological scarring. In recent years, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have received increasing attention from researchers. It can effectively improve pathological scarring by mediating inflammation, regulating fibroblast proliferation and activation, and vascular reconstruction. This review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertrophic scarring, summarizing the therapeutic effects of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of ADSCs in the field of hypertrophic scarring prevention and treatment, the latest application techniques, such as cell-free therapies utilizing ADSCs, and discussing the advantages and limitations of ADSCs. Through this review, we hope to further understand the characterization of ADSC and clarify the effectiveness of its application in hypertrophic scarring treatment, so as to provide clinical guidance.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic , Humans , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/therapy , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/metabolism , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology , Adipose Tissue/cytology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Stem Cells/metabolism , Stem Cells/cytology , Secretome/metabolism , Animals , Stem Cell Transplantation/methodsABSTRACT
A new species Niryasaburnia nigrutomia sp. nov. of the planthopper family Achilidae from Burmese amber collected from Hukawng Valley (Tanai) of northern Myanmar, is described, notably based on forewing pattern coloration and metatibiotarsal teeth conformation. A new fossil genus with its type species Sinuovenaxius kachinensis gen. et sp. nov. is also described. The tribe Niryasaburniini trib. nov. is established to include Niryasaburnia Szwedo, 2004, and Sinuovenaxius gen. nov., based on a unique combination of characters, of which the following states are particularly notable: head with compound eyes around half the length of pronotum, late forking of ScP+R and CuA after the fusion of Pcu+A1 on the forewing, apical teeth of metatarsomeres I and II both with subapical platellar sensilla, and a unique hindwing pattern with simple RP and biforked MP, CuA with two terminals only, and with A2 simple, reaching the posterior wing margin. The hindwing venation of this new tribe with RP with only one terminal and both MP and CuA with two terminals is unique in Achilidae.
ABSTRACT
Syngas conversion serves as a gas-to-liquid technology to produce liquid fuels and valuable chemicals from coal, natural gas, or biomass. During syngas conversion, sintering is known to deactivate the catalyst owing to the loss of active surface area. However, the growth of nanoparticles might induce the formation of new active sites such as grain boundaries (GBs) which perform differently from the original nanoparticles. Herein, we reported a unique Cu-based catalyst, Cu nanoparticles with in situ generated GBs confined in zeolite Y (denoted as activated Cu/Y), which exhibited a high selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons (65.3â C%) during syngas conversion. Such high selectivity for long-chain products distinguished activated Cu/Y from typical copper-based catalysts which mainly catalyze methanol synthesis. This unique performance was attributed to the GBs, while the zeolite assisted the stabilization through spatial confinement. Specifically, the GBs enabled H-assisted dissociation of CO and subsequent hydrogenation into CHx*. CHx* species not only serve as the initiator but also directly polymerize on Cu GBs, known as the carbide mechanism. Meanwhile, the synergy of GBs and their vicinal low-index facets led to the CO insertion where non-dissociative adsorbed CO on low-index facets migrated to GBs and inserted into the metal-alkyl bond for the chain growth.
ABSTRACT
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, mediate desmoplastic responses. CAFs are major drivers for the failure of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) chemotherapy. It is well-documented that many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-fibrotic effects based on their capacity to suppress the production of ECM proteins. Therefore, the combination of TCMs exhausting CAFs with chemotherapy is a potential regimen for treating TNBC. Here, TGF-ß was used to induce the transformation of NIH/3T3 cells into CAFs for screening TCMs to inhibit tumor fibrosis. After screening 11 candidate TCMs for inhibiting CAFs using the TMS method, rhein (Rhe) was found to strongly inhibit the proliferation of CAFs. Therefore, Rhe was chosen as a representative TCM to inhibit CAFs in TNBC. A 4T1Fluc/CAFs tumor sphere resembling the TME in vivo was constructed to explore the feasibility of inhibiting CAFs to sensitize DOX in treating TNBC. It was found that CAFs apparently hindered the penetration of DOX into 4T1Fluc/CAFs tumor spheres and decreased the the sensitivity of 4T1Fluc cells to DOX, while Rhe significantly restored the sensitivity of 4T1Fluc cells to DOX by inhibiting the proliferation of CAFs. Consistent with in vitro results, Rhe reversed the abnormal activation of CAFs and diminished the accumulation of collagen in 4T1Fluc mouse xenograft models. This removal of stromal barrier facilitated the antitumor efficacy of DOX. Altogether, this study demonstrated for the first time that Rhe could inhibit tumor tissue fibrosis and synergize DOX to treat TNBC.
Subject(s)
Anthraquinones , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Animals , Mice , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Fibrosis , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
The synergistic effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Mg2+ could significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity of enoxacin (ENO) at λex/λem = 269.2 nm/385.6 nm, ofloxacin (OFL) at λex/λem = 290.8 nm/466.2 nm and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) at λex/λem = 372.6 nm/514.8 nm. Moreover, when the wavelength difference (Δλ) was chosen 135 nm, the synchronous fluorescence spectra of the three antibiotic complexes could be well separated and the interference of the samples matrix were eliminated primely. Therefore, only one synchronous fluorescence scan was needed to simultaneously determine the three antibiotics. Based on these facts, a synchronous fluorescence spectrometry combining fluorescence sensitization for highly sensitive and selective determination of ENO, OFL and TCH residues in wastewater was developed for the first time. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of ENO, OFL and TCH in the range of 0.5-550 ng mL-1, 1-1500 ng mL-1 and 10-5500 ng mL-1 showed a good linear relationship with fluorescence intensity. The limits of detection were 0.0599 ng mL-1, 0.115 ng mL-1 and 0.151 ng mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of the actual sample were 87.50%-99.99 %, 93.00%-98.50 % and 85.70%-98.42 %, respectively. Overall, the novel synchronous fluorescence spectrometry established in the experiment has the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast detection speed and high accuracy. It has been successfully applied to the detection of residual amounts of ENO, OFL and TCH in wastewater with satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Enoxacin , Ofloxacin , Tetracycline , Wastewater , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Three-dimensional interpenetrating and hierarchically porous carbon material is an efficient catalyst support in water remediation and it is still a daunting challenge to establish the relationship between hierarchically porous structure and catalytic degradation performance. Herein, a highly porous silica (SiO2)/cellulose-based carbon aerogel with iron-based catalyst (FexOy) was fabricated by in-situ synthesis, freeze-drying and pyrolysis, where the addition of SiO2 induced the hierarchically porous morphology and three-dimensional interpenetrating sheet-like network with nitrogen doping. The destruction of cellulose crystalline structure by SiO2 and the iron-catalyzed breakdown of glycosidic bonds synergistically facilitated the formation of electron-rich graphite-like carbon skeleton. The unique microstructure is confirmed to be favorable for the diffusion of reactants and electron transport during catalytic process, thus boosting the catalytic degradation performance of carbon aerogels. As a result, the catalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline under light irradiation by adding only 5 mg of FexOy/SiO2 cellulose carbon aerogels was as high as 90 % within 60 min, demonstrating the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and Fenton reaction. This ingenious structure design provides new insight into the relationship between hierarchically porous structure of carbon aerogels and their catalytic degradation performance, and opens a new avenue to develop cellulose-based carbon aerogel catalysts with efficient catalytic performance.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Heterocyclic Compounds , Carbon/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide , Cellulose/chemistry , Porosity , Tetracycline/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , CatalysisABSTRACT
Additively manufactured biodegradable zinc (Zn) scaffolds have great potential to repair infected bone defects due to their osteogenic and antibacterial properties. However, the enhancement of antibacterial properties depends on a high concentration of dissolved Zn2+, which in return deteriorates osteogenic activity. In this study, a vancomycin (Van)-loaded polydopamine (PDA) coating was prepared on pure Zn porous scaffolds to solve the above dilemma. Compared with pure Zn scaffolds according to comprehensive in vitro tests, the PDA coating resulted in a slow degradation and inhibited the excessive release of Zn2+ at the early stage, thus improving cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity. Meanwhile, the addition of Van drug substantially suppressed the attachment and proliferation of S. aureus and E. coli bacterial. Furthermore, in vivo implantation confirmed the simultaneously improved osteogenic and antibacterial functions by using the pure Zn scaffolds with Van-loaded PDA coating. Therefore, it is promising to employ biodegradable Zn porous scaffolds with the proposed drug-loaded coating for the treatment of infected bone defects.
ABSTRACT
The human permanent dentition has been commonly used for personal identification due to its uniqueness. Limited research, however, is conducted using 3D digital dental models. We propose to develop a new 3D superimposition method using the contours of human dentition and to further evaluate its feasibility. A total of 270 intraoral scan models were collected from 135 subjects. After a one-year interval, 52 subjects were chosen at random and the secondary intraoral scan models were obtained. The dentition contours of the first and secondary models were extracted to form a resource dataset and a test dataset. Through the application of the iterative nearest point (ICP) algorithm, the test dataset was registered with the resource dataset, and the root mean square error (RMSE) values of the point-to-point distances were calculated. 104 genuine pairs and 13,936 imposter pairs were generated, and in this study, the registration accuracy was 100%. The difference between mean RMSE values for the genuine pair (0.20 ± 0.06 mm) and the minimum RMSE value for the imposter pair (0.83 ± 0.06 mm) was significant in the maxillary arch (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the mandibular arch, the difference between mean RMSE values for the genuine pair (0.22 ± 0.07 mm) and the minimum RMSE value for the imposter pair (0.85 ± 0.08 mm) was significant (p < 0.05). The difference between the RMSE value for the genuine pair in the maxillary and the mandibular arch was significant (p < 0.05). This study indicated the feasibility of dentition contour-based model superimposition and could be considered for personal identification in the future.
Subject(s)
Dentition , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Humans , Maxilla/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
How to ensure dental stability in new positions and reduce the likelihood of relapse is a major clinical concern in the orthodontic field. Occlusal contacts between arches may affect the transmission of masticatory forces, thereby influencing the biological response of the periodontal and the oromandibular system. Occlusion factors that may influence the stability after orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain largely unknown. Hence, this research was conducted in order to investigate the influence of different occlusal contact patterns on tooth stability and oromandibular system including the masseter muscle and the temporomandibular joint following OTM. By modifying the occlusal surfaces, in vivo animal study models with distinct occlusal patterns corresponding to clinical circumstances were established. The relapse distance of teeth and the level of inflammatory factors in the gingival cervical fluid were analyzed. We also closely observed the histological remodeling of periodontal tissue, masseter tissue, and joint tissue after one week of relapse. Moreover, genes expression in the alveolar bone was analyzed to illustrate the potential biological mechanisms of relapse under the influence of different occlusal contact patterns following OTM. Different occlusal contact patterns after OTM in rats were established. The intercuspation contact between cusp and fossa group exhibited the lowest level of relapse movement, inflammatory factors and osteoclast activity (P < 0.05). On the other hand, groups with interferences or inadequate contacts exhibited more relapse movement, and tend to promote inflammation of periodontal tissue and activate bone resorption (P < 0.05). Adequate occlusal contacts without interference may enhance tooth stability and reduce the likelihood of relapse. After active orthodontic treatment, necessary occlusal adjustment should be made to achieve the desired intercuspation contact relationship and ensure adequate contact between the arches. The elimination of occlusal interferences is crucial to achieving optimal stability and promoting overall healthy condition of the oromandibular system.
Subject(s)
Bone Resorption , Tooth Movement Techniques , Rats , Animals , Osteoclasts , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Mechanical cues sensed by integrins induce cells to produce proteases to remodel the extracellular matrix. Excessive protease production occurs in many degenerative diseases, including osteoarthritis, in which articular cartilage degradation is associated with the genesis of matrix protein fragments that can activate integrins. We investigated the mechanisms by which integrin signals may promote protease production in response to matrix changes in osteoarthritis. Using a fragment of the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) to activate the α5ß1 integrin in primary human chondrocytes, we found that endocytosis of the integrin and FN fragment complex drove the production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-13. Activation of α5ß1 by the FN fragment, but not by intact FN, was accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production initially at the cell surface, then in early endosomes. These ROS-producing endosomes (called redoxosomes) contained the integrin-FN fragment complex, the ROS-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and SRC, a redox-regulated kinase that promotes MMP-13 production. In contrast, intact FN was endocytosed and trafficked to recycling endosomes without inducing ROS production. Articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis showed increased amounts of SRC and the NOX2 complex component p67phox. Furthermore, we observed enhanced localization of SRC and p67phox at early endosomes, suggesting that redoxosomes could transmit and sustain integrin signaling in response to matrix damage. This signaling mechanism not only amplifies the production of matrix-degrading proteases but also establishes a self-perpetuating cycle that contributes to the ongoing degradation of cartilage matrix in osteoarthritis.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular , Osteoarthritis , Humans , Chondrocytes , Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Integrin alpha5beta1/genetics , Integrin alpha5beta1/metabolism , Integrins/genetics , Integrins/metabolism , Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Endosomes/metabolismABSTRACT
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China, with the 5-year survival rate reaching less than 30%, because most cases were diagnosed and treated at the advanced stage. However, there is still a lack of low-cost, efficient, and accurate non-invasive methods for the early detection of EC at present. Methods: A total of 48 EC plasma and 101 control plasma samples were collected in a training cohort from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021, and seven cancer-related DNA methylation markers (ELMO1, ZNF582, FAM19A4, PAX1, C13orf18, JAM3 and TERT) were tested in these samples to select potential markers. In total, 20 EC, 10 gastric cancer (GC), 10 colorectal cancer (CRC), and 20 control plasma samples were collected in a validation cohort to evaluate the two-gene panel. Results: ZNF582, FAM19A4, JAM3, or TERT methylation in plasma was shown to significantly distinguish EC and control subjects (p < 0.05), and the combination of ZNF582 and FAM19A4 methylation was the two-gene panel that exhibited the best performance for the detection of EC with 60.4% sensitivity (95% CI: 45.3%-73.9%) and 83.2% specificity (95% CI: 74.1%-89.6%) in the training cohort. The performance of this two-gene panel showed no significant difference between different age and gender groups. When the two-gene panel was combined with CEA, the sensitivity for EC detection was further improved to 71.1%. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity of the two-gene panel for detecting EC, GC, and CRC was 60.0%, 30.0%, and 30.0%, respectively, with a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion: The identified methylation marker panel provided a potential non-invasive strategy for EC detection, but further validation should be performed in more clinical centers.
ABSTRACT
Increasing evidence implicates the tumor microbiota as a factor that can influence cancer progression. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), we found that pre-resection antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria substantially improved disease-free survival by 25.5%. For mouse studies, we designed an antibiotic silver-tinidazole complex encapsulated in liposomes (LipoAgTNZ) to eliminate tumor-associated bacteria in the primary tumor and liver metastases without causing gut microbiome dysbiosis. Mouse CRC models colonized by tumor-promoting bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum spp.) or probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle spp.) responded to LipoAgTNZ therapy, which enabled more than 70% long-term survival in two F. nucleatum-infected CRC models. The antibiotic treatment generated microbial neoantigens that elicited anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. Heterologous and homologous bacterial epitopes contributed to the immunogenicity, priming T cells to recognize both infected and uninfected tumors. Our strategy targets tumor-associated bacteria to elicit anti-tumoral immunity, paving the way for microbiome-immunotherapy interventions.
ABSTRACT
A new fossil psocodean species of the previously monospecific genus Paramanicapsocus is described from Burmese amber, namely Paramanicapsocus xingyuei sp. n.. This new species can be distinguished from the other species P. longiantennatus based on the hindwing vein M two-branched and the female gonapophyses with robust external valves.