[Early vocabulary development in Mandarin children with cochlear implantation].

Objective: To investigate the development of receptive and expressive vocabulary in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CI) during the first year after CI activation. Methods: A total of 827 children (411 boys and 416 girls) who were implanted CI before 2.5 years of age from October 2019 to December 2022 in the Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital were included in this study. The Infant Checklist of the Mandarin Early Vocabulary Inventory (EVI) was used to assess the quantity and content of receptive and expressive vocabulary at the time of CI activation and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th months post-activation. SPSS 22.0 was used to describe the receptive and expressive vocabulary of CI children at the first year after activation. Results: During the first year after CI activation, CI children's receptive and expressive vocabulary consistently increased with the CI usage. The average number of receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary respectively increased from 0 to 178, and from 0 to 97. At the first year of post-activation, the number of receptive and expressive vocabulary of CI children were superior to that of hearing-age matched typical-hearing children, but fell behind of that of chronological age matched typical-hearing children. In terms of lexical categories, receptive and expressive vocabulary was acquired in the following order: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns. Among the top 50 words that CI children could express, nouns were the most common, then followed by verbs, adjectives, and pronouns. Father's education level can significantly and positively predictethe receptive vocabulary of CI children at the first year post-activation. At the first year after CI activation, the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were 113, 149, 178, 202, 223 for the receptive vocabulary, and 9, 37, 97, 148, 188 for expressive vocabulary. Conclusion: For Mandarin speaking children with CI, the receptive and expression vocabulary continuely increased within the first year after CI activation. The ability to grasp receptive vocabulary precedes the ability to express expressive vocabulary. Compared to hearing-age matched typical-hearing children, CI children showed faster rate of the vocabulary growth, and earlier and more frequently verb expression. However, it still larged behind that of chronological age matched hearing normal children. CI children respectively understood and expressed nouns and verbs the first. In children with CI, the first concepts understood and expressed were nouns and verbs. Among the first 50 words expressed, nouns were the most numerous, and the age at which verbs were acquired was earlier than that for hearing-age matched typical-hearing children.

[Soy isoflavones alleviates calcium overload in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which soybean isoflavone (SI) reduces calcium overload induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into 4 groups to receive sham operation, cerebral middle artery occlusion for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R model group), or injection of adeno-associated virus carrying Frizzled-2 siRNA or empty viral vector into the lateral cerebral ventricle after modeling.Western blotting was used to examine Frizzled-2 knockdown efficiency and changes in protein expressions in the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway.Calcium levels and pathological changes in the ischemic penumbra (IP) were measured using calcium chromogenic assay and HE staining, respectively.Another 72 SD randomly allocated for sham operation, I/R modeling, or soy isoflavones pretreatment before modeling were examined for regional cerebral blood flow using a Doppler flowmeter, and the cerebral infarct volume was assessed using TTC staining.Pathologies in the IP area were evaluated using HE and Nissl staining, and ROS level, Ca2+ level, cell apoptosis, and intracellular calcium concentration were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay or flow cytometry; the protein expressions of Wnt5a, Frizzled-2, and P-CaMK Ⅱ in the IP were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In rats with cerebral I/R, Frizzled-2 knockdown significantly lowered calcium concentration (P < 0.001) and the expression levels of Wnt5a, Frizzled-2, and P-CaMK Ⅱ in the IP area.In soy isoflavones-pretreated rats, calcium concentration, ROS and MDA levels, cell apoptosis rate, cerebral infarct volume, and expression levels of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway-related proteins were all significantly lower while SOD level was higher than those in rats in I/R model group. CONCLUSION: Soy isoflavones can mitigate calcium overload in rats with cerebral I/R by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway.

Learning end-to-end respiratory rate prediction of dairy cows from RGB videos.

Respiratory rate (RR) is an important indicator of the health and welfare status of dairy cows. In recent years, progress has been made in monitoring the RR of dairy cows using video data and learning methods. However, existing approaches often involve multiple processing modules, such as region of interest (ROI) detection and tracking, which can introduce errors that propagate through successive steps. The objective of this study was to develop an end-to-end computer vision method to predict RR of dairy cows continuously and automatically. The method leverages the capabilities of a state-of-the-art Transformer model, VideoMAE, which divides video frames into patches as input tokens, enabling the automated selection and featurization of relevant regions, such as a cow's abdomen, for predicting RR. The original encoder of VideoMAE was retained, and a classification head was added on top of it. Further, the weights of the first 11 layers of the pre-trained model were kept, while the weights of the final layer and classifier were fine-tuned using video data collected in a tie-stall barn from 6 dairy cows. Respiratory rates measured using a respiratory belt for individual cows were serving as the ground truth (GT). The evaluation of the developed model was conducted using multiple metrics, including mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.58 breaths per minute (bpm), root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.52 bpm, root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE; as a proportion of observed mean) of 15.03%, and Pearson correlation (r) of 0.86. Compared with a conventional method involving multiple processing modules, the end-to-end approach performed better in terms of MAE, RMSE and RMSPE. These results suggest the potential to implement the developed computer vision method for an end-to-end solution, for monitoring RR of dairy cows automatically in a tie-stall setting. Future research on integrating this method with other behavioral detection and animal identification algorithms for animal monitoring in a free-stall dairy barn can be beneficial for a broader application.

[Construction of CD138-targeted chimeric antigen receptor- modified T cells and their effect in multiple myeloma therapy].

Objective: To construct a novel chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell targeting CD138 and to investigate its cytotoxicity against myeloma cells. Methods: The hybridoma strain that can stably secrete the CD138 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared and obtained through monoclonal antibody screening technology. The hybridoma strain cells were intraperitoneally injected into mice to produce ascites containing monoclonal antibodies, which were then collected and purified to obtain pure CD138 mAb. Further examinations were performed to assess the biological characteristics of CD138 mAb. The variable region sequence of this antibody was amplified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and was used as the antigen recognition domain of CD138 CAR, which was subsequently expressed on the surface of T cells by lentiviral infection. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the phenotype of CD138 CAR-T cells. In vitro cytotoxicity and degranulation assays were performed to evaluate their antitumor effects. Results: ① We successfully prepared anti-human CD138 antibody hybridoma cell lines and screened a hybridoma cell strain, 5G2, which could persistently and stably secrete the anti-CD138 antibody. ② The purified CD138 (5G2) mAb can especially recognize CD138(+) cells with a binding affinity constant (K(D)) of 6.011×10(-9) mol/L and showed no significant binding activity with CD138(-) cells. ③The variable region sequence of the CD138 (5G2) antibody was obtained using molecular cloning technology, and CD138 (5G2) CAR was successfully constructed and expressed on T cells through lentivirus infection and, concurrently, demonstrated effective binding to recombinant human CD138 protein.④ The proliferation of T cells transduced with the CD138 (5G2) CAR was highly efficient. The phenotype analysis revealed that CD138 (5G2) CAR-T cells exhibited a greater tendency to differentiate into central memory T cells and memory stem T cells, with a reduced proportion of terminally differentiated effector memory subsets. ⑤CD138 (5G2) CAR-T cells demonstrated specific cytotoxicity against CD138(+) myeloma cell line H929, whereas CD138(-) cell line K562 remained unaffected. The percentage of residual H929 cells was (12.92±8.02) % after co-culturing with CD138 (5G2) CAR-T cells, while (54.25±15.79) % was left in the Vector-T group (E∶T=1∶2; P<0.001). ⑥Results of degranulation assays demonstrated a significant activation of CD138 (5G2) CAR-T cells after co-culture with the H929 cell line, whereas no significant activation was observed in Vector-T cells [ (25.78±3.35) % vs (6.13±1.30) %, P<0.001]. ⑦After co-culturing with CD138(+) cells, CD138 (5G2) CAR-T cells exhibited a significant increase in cytokine secretion compared to the Vector-T group [interleukin-2: (1 697.52±599.05) pg/ml vs (5.07±1.17) pg/ml, P<0.001; interferon-γ: (3 312.20±486.38) pg/ml vs (9.28±1.46) pg/ml, P<0.001; and tumor necrosis factor-α: (1 837.43±640.49) pg/ml vs (8.75±1.65) pg/ml, P<0.001]. However, no significant difference was observed in cytokine secretion levels between the two groups after co-culturing with CD138(-) cells. Conclusion: This study successfully prepared a novel monoclonal antibody against CD138, and CAR-T cells constructed with the antigen recognition domain derived from this 5G2 mAb demonstrated effective antitumor activity against myeloma cells. This can be used as a new option for the detection of the CD138 antigen and proposes a novel strategy for multiple myeloma immunotherapy.

[Therapeutic effectiveness of modified endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for acute appendicitis of different severities in children].

Objective: To investigate the effects of modified endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (mERAT) on the treatment of children with different severities of acute appendicitis. Methods: This study was a case-control study. A total of 586 children with acute appendicitis, who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University between January 2019 and November 2023, were selected as the research subjects. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into simple appendicitis group, suppurative appendicitis group and perforated appendicitis group. The baseline data, hospitalization treatment and costs, outcomes, and recurrence in each group were analyzed, and the difference in the effectiveness of mERAT between the groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ2 test. Results: Among 586 children, there were 338 males and 248 females. The age at onset was 7.0 (4.6, 9.4) years. There were 475 cases of simple appendicitis, 78 cases of suppurative appendicitis, and 33 cases of perforated appendicitis. There were no significant differences in age and gender among the three groups (F=0.59, χ2=3.31, both P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in body temperature, white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, nausea or vomiting, right lower abdominal pain, umbilical pain, right lower abdominal tenderness, and right lower abdominal rebound pain (H=7.56, 161.52, 169.11, and 169.61, χ2=12.05, 13.82, 12.05, 7.74, 20.35, and 94.61, all P<0.05). Also, the treatment time, postoperative hospital stay, total hospital stay, and cost showed statistically significant differences (H=4.70, 33.66, 34.99, 30.37, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the initial treatment success rate (98.1% (466/475) vs. 98.7% (77/78) vs. 90.9% (30/33), P=0.057). During the 30 (23, 36) months of follow-up, the recurrence rate was 7.9% (35/433) in the simple appendicitis group, 20.8% (15/72) in the suppurative appendicitis group, and 30.0% (9/30) in the perforated appendicitis group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=23.56, P<0.001). Among the children with recurrent appendicitis, 15 cases still chose mERAT, of them 11 cases (31.2%) had simple appendicitis, 2 cases (2/15) had suppurative appendicitis, and 2 cases (2/9) had perforated appendicitis.The latest time to recurrence in the 3 groups was 32, 35 and 10 months, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment with mERAT has a good effect in pediatric simple appendicitis, but has a higher recurrence rate despite a better initial treatment success rate in suppurative appendicitis and perforated appendicitis.

Parent-child interaction, appetite self-regulation, and BMIz in Chinese preschoolers: a mediation analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Research on parent-child interaction (PCI) and its impact on children's weight status is a thriving study area. However, their potential pathways have not been established. This study investigated the association between PCI and children's body-mass index z score (BMIz) examining the role of appetite self-regulation (ASR) as a mediator. STUDY DESIGN: Mediation analysis. METHODS: We included children from 33 kindergartens in Wuhan with parents' consent, measuring children's height and weight, and calculating BMIz. To assess the PCI quality, we utilized the Brigance Parent-Child Interactions Scale. Additionally, children's ASR was tested by satiety responsiveness (SR) and food responsiveness (FR) using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Quantile regression was employed to examine the PCI-BMIz association, while mediation analysis was conducted to explore ASR's mediating effect on the relationship between PCI and BMIz. RESULTS: Of 3973 children (53.88% boys) included in the analysis, the mean BMIz was 0.24 ± 1.13. The results revealed that children with poorer PCI quality have higher BMIz across all selected BMIz percentiles, except for the 5th percentile. Furthermore, these associations were significant across most percentiles, whether for boys or girls. Mediation analysis suggested that these associations were partially mediated by children's ASR (indFR = -0.026, PFR < 0.001; indSR = -0.058, PSR < 0.001), with stronger effects observed among boys. CONCLUSION: The variation in how strongly BMIz was linked to PCI across different percentiles suggests that children with poorer PCI have higher BMIz. The link is partially mediated through children's ASR. It's important to pay attention to the PCI quality in children with higher BMIz levels, especially in boys.

[Functional analysis of laparoscopic intracorporeal Xing's neobladder in long-term follow-up].

Evaluation of neobladder function in patients with long-term survival and no recurrence after laparoscopic radical cystectomy and intracorporeal Xing's neobladder. The clinical data of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and intracorporeal Xing's neobladder in long-term survival patients with bladder cancer treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from July 2013 to July 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All 17 patients underwent the surgery by the same surgical team, including 15 males and 2 females, whose mean age at the time of operation was (55.9±7.6) years. Thepostoperative urinary function and renal function were summarized. All operations were successfully completed. The mean operative time was (340±62) min. All patients were followed up for a long time, with a median follow-up time of 80(70, 96) months, Urinary continence was achieved in 17 (100%)casesduring the day and 13 (76.5%) cases at night, with a median bladder volume of 350 (200, 400) ml. All patients had good urinary control after surgery, and no hydronephrosis or creatinine increase was found in reexamination.After the application of Xing's neobladder operation, the patient maintained acceptable urinary control status after the operation, and the long-term follow-up effect was satisfactory.

Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics.

The inherent brittleness of ceramics, primarily due to restricted atomic motions from rigid ionic or covalent bonded structures, is a persistent challenge. This characteristic hinders dislocation nucleation in ceramics, thereby impeding the enhancement of plasticity through a dislocation-engineering strategy commonly used in metals. Finding a strategy that continuously generates dislocations within ceramics may enhance plasticity. Here, we propose a "borrowing-dislocations" strategy that uses a tailored interfacial structure with well-ordered bonds. Such an approach enables ceramics to have greatly improved tensile ductility by mobilizing a considerable number of dislocations in ceramic borrowed from metal through the interface, thereby overcoming the challenge associated with direct dislocation nucleation within ceramics. This strategy provides a way to enhance tensile ductility in ceramics.

[MRI manifestations of 40 cases with the hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma classification based on the morphology and size].

Objective: To explore the MRI characteristics of the hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) classification according to morphology and size. Methods: The clinical, pathological, and MRI imaging data of 40 cases with HEHE confirmed pathologically from December 2009 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: There were 40 cases (5 solitary, 24 multifocal, 9 local fusion, and 2 diffuse fusion) and 214 lesions (163 nodules, 31 masses, and 20 fusion foci). The most common features of lesions were subcapsular growth and capsular depression. The signal intensity of lesions ≤1cm was usually uniform with whole or ring enhancement. Nodules and mass-like lesions ≥1cm on a T1-weighted image had slightly reduced signal intensity or manifested as a halo sign. Target signs on a T2-weighted image were characterized by: target or centripetal enhancement; fusion-type lesions; irregular growth and hepatic capsular retraction, with ring or target-like enhancement in the early stage of fusion and patchy irregular enhancement in the late stage; blood vessels traversing or accompanied by malformed blood vessels; focal bleeding; an increasing proportion of extrahepatic metastases and abnormal liver function with the type of classified manifestation; primarily portal vein branches traversing; and reduced overall intralesional bleeding rate (17%). Lollipop signs were presented in 19 cases, with a high expression rate in mass-type lesions (42%). The fusion lesions were expressed, but the morphological manifestation was atypical. The diffusion-weighted imaging mostly showed high signal or target-like high signal. An average apparent diffusion coefficient of lesions was (1.56±0.36) ×10(-3)mm(2)/s, which was statistically significantly different compared with that of adjacent normal liver parenchyma (t=8.28, P<0.001). Conclusion: The MRI manifestations for the HEHE classification are closely related to the morphology and size of the lesions and have certain differences and characteristics that are helpful for the diagnosis of the disease when combined with clinical and laboratory examinations.

[Hinokiol regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells via Hippo-YAP signaling pathway].

Objective: To explore the effects of hinokiol on the cell cyle and apoptosis of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and the relevant molecular mechanism. Methods: The CNE1 cells were cultured in vitro and incubated with different concentrations of honokiol, and the cells were divided into blank control group, 10 µmol/L, 20 µmol/L and 40 µmol/L hinokiol treatment groups, and 10 µg/ml cisplatin group. Cell viability was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, the cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential test kit, apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the proteins expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and G1/S specific cyclin D1 (cyclin D1) were detected by immunoblotting. RNA-Seq was conducted in the hinokiol-treated cells. The mRNA expression of yes-associated protein delta (YAP) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The proteins expression of phosphor-YAP (p-YAP) and nuclear YAP were detected by immunoblotting, the nuclear distribution of YAP protein was detected by immunofluorescence in the cells with or without treated with the mammalian STE20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) inhibitor (XMU-MP-1), hinokiol, and XMU-MP-1+hinokiol. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. Resluts Compared with the control group, the cell viablity of CNE1 cells, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, the proteins expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 in hinokiol treatment groups were markedly decreased (all P values<0.05), while the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells and the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased (both P values<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that differential genes were mainly enriched in Wnt signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway. The mRNA level of YAP and the protein expression of YAP in the nucleus were decreased and the level of p-YAP protein was increased in cells treated with hinokiol, which were significantly different from control group (all P values<0.05). Compared with the hinokiol group, XMU-MP-1+hinokiol groups showed the decrease of p-YAP protein expression (1.157±0.076 vs 0.479±0.038, t=37.120, P<0.05), the increase of YAP protein expression in the nucleus (0.143±0.012 vs 0.425±0.031, t=29.181, P<0.05), the reduced proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase [(72.494±3.309)% vs (58.747±2.865)%, t=17.265, P<0.05], and the decrease of apoptosis ratio [(53.158±3.376)% vs (29.621±2.713)%, t=28.584, P<0.05]. Conclusion: Hinokiol can arrest the cell cycle and induce the cell apoptosis of CNE1 cells via Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without bicanalicular silicone tube in patients with a small lacrimal sac: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: To establish whether bicanalicular silicone tube intubation is required during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) for treating chronic dacryocystitis with a small lacrimal sac. METHODS: In total, this study enrolled 264 patients diagnosed with unilateral chronic dacryocystitis with small lacrimal sacs via computed tomography-dacryocystography that underwent En-DCR from March 2016-September 2020. Patients were randomized into two treatment groups, with those in group A undergoing tubes intubation and those in group B not undergoing this procedure. The tubes were removed 3 months post-operation in group A. Surgical outcomes and related complication rates were then compared. RESULTS: This study included 242 patients, including124 and 118 in groups A and B, respectively. At the three-month follow-up time point, 12.90% of patients in group A exhibited ostial granulation tissue, with this frequency with no differences observed in group B (11.86%). At 6 months post-surgery, 80.65% of patients in group A and 72.88% of patients in group B exhibited successful surgical outcomes, with no significant differences between groups. At 9 months postoperatively, the overall effective success rate was 60.74%, and the success rate was significantlyhigher in group A relative to group B (group A: 75.81%; group B: 44.92%). There were no failed patient outcomes observed as of the 12-month follow-up time point. CONCLUSIONS: While En-DCR-based treatment of chronic dacryocystitis in those with smalllacrimal sacs did not yield satisfactory outcomes with respect to the overall effective success rate, these results suggest that intraoperative intubation may improve success rates in long-term follow-up.

[Analysis of active components of Acorus tatarinowii extracts and its activity against dust mites].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activity of Acorus tatarinowii extracts against dust mites, and to isolate and characterize active ingredient of A. tatarinowii extracts. METHODS: The essential oil components were extracted from A. tatarinowii rhizome powder by rotary evaporation with methanol as solvents, followed by petroleum ether extraction and rotary evaporation. The essential oil was mixed with Tween-80 at a ratio of 1:1 and diluted into concentrations of 1.000 00%, 0.500 00%, 0.250 00%, 0.125 00%, 0.062 50% and 0.031 25%, while diluted Tween-80 served as controls. A. tatarinowii essential oil at each concentration (200 µL) was transferred evenly to filter papers containing 100 adult mites, with each test repeated in triplicate, and controls were assigned for each concentration. Following treatment at 25 °C and 75% relative humidity for 24 h, the mean corrected mortality of mites was calculated. The essential oil components were separated by silica gel column chromatography, and the essential oil was prepared in the positive column of medium pressure; and then, each component was collected. Silica gel column chromatography was run with the mobile phase that consisted of petroleum ether solution containing 10% ethyl acetate and pure ethyl acetate, detection wavelength of 254 nm, positive silica gel column as the chromatography column, and room temperature as the column temperature. Each component of the purified A. tatarinowii essential oil was diluted into 1.000 00% for acaricidal tests. The components with less than 100% acaricidal activity were discarded, and the remaining components were diluted into 50% of the previous-round tests for subsequent acaricidal tests. The components with acaricidal activity were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and pulsed-Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structure of active monomer compounds was determined by standard spectral library retrieval and literature review. RESULTS: A. tatarinowii essential oil at concentrations of 1.000 00%, 0.500 00%, 0.250 00% and 0.125 00% killed all dust mites, and the corrected mortality was all 100%. Exposure to A. tatarinowii extracts at an effective concentration of 0.062 50% for 24 hours resulted in 94.33% mortality of dust mites. Six components (A to F) were separated using gel column chromatography, and components D and E both showed a 100% acaricidal activity against dust mites at a concentration of 0.50000%. In addition, Component D was identified as isoeugenol methyl ether, and Component E as ß-asarinol. CONCLUSIONS: The extract of A. tatarinowii essential oil has acaricidal activity, and the isoeugenol methyl ether shows a remarkable acaricidal activity against dust mites.

FEDM: a convolutional neural network based fertilised egg detection model.

1. The production of goose eggs holds significant economic value on a global scale and the quality of fertilised eggs is crucial for the successful hatching and sustained development of the poultry industry. Developing a low-cost fertilised egg identification system that is suitable for large-scale testing is of great significance. However, existing methods are expensive and have high environmental detection requirements, which limit their promotion.2. To address this issue, an improved object detection model called FEDM based on YOLOv5 is proposed, which has been shown to be outstanding among nine models. The main network of YOLOv5 is enhanced with the SENet attention mechanism to improve the feature selection capability. The C3_DCNv3 is introduced to enhance the detection ability of blood vessels in the fertilised eggs. The application of Dyhead significantly improved the representation capacity of the object detection head without any computational overhead. The loss function is replaced with MPDIoU to simplify the calculation process.3. Experimental results from the augmented dataset showed that the average precision of the FEDM reached 96.7%, which is a 5.5% improvement compared to the YOLOv5s model. FEDM exhibited better detection performance on eggs from different shooting angles than the YOLOv5 algorithm and achieves high detection speed.4. The FEDM secured significant advancement on the detection rate of the fourth day fertilised egg compared to the YOLOv5 algorithm. Based on this result, savings and space utilisation can be made, which has practical application value.

[Effect of SIRT7 on inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in pancreatic cancer cells and related mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of SIRT7 in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: The pancreatic cancer cells were divided into siControl, siSIRT7, over-expression SIRT7, siSIRT7+siCOL4A1, and siSIRT7+siSLUG groups using siRNA or plasmid transfection. The proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells were detected by EdU, wound healing assay and Transwell experiments, respectively. The expression of EMT and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) and western blot. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in SIRT7 knockdown PANC-1 cells was performed to explore the signaling pathways and target genes regulated by SIRT7. Then the target genes directly regulated by SIRT7 were identified with quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (q-ChIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR). The expressions of SIRT7 and target genes were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) in pancreatic cancer tissues, and the correlation between SIRT7 and target gene expression was analyzed using TCGA dataset. The correlation between expression of SIRT7 or target genes and survival was analyzed on KM-plotter website. Finally, GeneMANIA, STRING and ENCORI were used to predict SIRT7-related proteins and miRNAs. Results: EdU assay showed that the cell proliferation rates in SIRT7-overexpressed PANC-1 [(19.33±0.35)%] and BxPC-3 cells [(17.00±1.89)%] were lower than those in the control group [(31.60±1.37)% and (24.33±0.78)%, respectively, P＜0.05]. The proliferation rates of SIRT7-knockdown PANC-1 [(23.94±1.00)% and (27.08±0.97)%] and BxPC-3 cells [(22.00±1.86)% and (25.96±1.61)%] were higher than those of the siControl group [(11.80±1.86)% and (13.42±1.39)%, respectively, P＜0.05]. In PANC-1 cells, the wound healing assay showed that the relative migration rate of SIRT7-overexpression cells [(76.67±2.74)%] was lower than that of control cells [(100.00±2.13)%, P＜0.05]; the relative migration rate of cells with SIRT7 knockdown [(134.22±4.08)% and (199.82±9.20)%, respectively] was higher than that of siControl group [(102.24±3.13)%, P＜0.05]. Compared with the control group, SIRT7 overexpression decreased the number of migrated BxPC-3 cells (45.66±1.69 vs 28.33±2.62, P＜0.05); while SIRT7 knockdown increased these numbers (65.66±2.86 and 82.00±2.94 versus 33.00±0.81, P＜0.01). Transwell experiment revealed that the number of invaded cells in SIRT7 overexpression groups (16.33±2.05 and 34.66±1.69) was lower than that control groups (54.33±4.64 and 58.66±5.90, P＜0.05); with SIRT7 knockdown, the numbers of invaded PANC-1 (63.66±2.49 and 69.33±3.29) and BxPC-3 cells (134.33±3.09 and 181.66±4.02) were higher than those in control groups (35.33±2.49 and 42.00±0.81, P˂0.05). Also, SIRT7 knockdown decreased the expressions of epithelial markers and increased the expressions of mesenchymal and CSC markers. RNA-seq analysis showed that SIRT7 was involved in regulating a variety of cancer-related signaling pathways, including the pancreatic cancer pathway and the EMT pathway. Furthermore, SIRT7 could directly bind to the promoter regions of target genes, such as COL4A1 and SLUG. SIRT7 was negatively correlated with the expression and function of COL4A1 and SLUG in pancreatic cancer cells. The expressions of SIRT7, COL4A1, SLUG and SOX2 were verified in pancreatic cancer tissues by IHC. Finally, SIRT7 was predicted to be associated with many proteins and miRNAs based on GeneMANIA, STRING, and ENCORI online tools. Conclusions: SIRT7 can inhibit the EMT of pancreatic cancer cells through transcriptionally inhibiting the expression of target genes, such as COL4A1 and SLUG. Thus, SIRT7 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer.

[Association between onset time of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and clinical outcome in patients with sepsis].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the onset time of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: Data were derived from Beijing Acute Kidney Injure Trial (BAKIT) which investigated the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients at 30 intensive care units (ICU) of 28 tertiary hospitals in Beijing from 1 March to 31 August 2012. Patients who were older than 18 years and diagnosed with sepsis and AKI, and expected to stay in ICU for at least 24 h were included in this study. A total of 653 patients were included in this study, 414 males and 239 females with a mean age of (68.2±17.0) years. According to the onset time of SA-AKI, patients were grouped into early AKI (E-AKI) (AKI occurred within 48 hours after ICU admission) and late AKI (L-AKI) (AKI occurred after 48 hours of ICU admission) group. The primary outcome was major adverse kidney events (MAKE), consisted of all-cause mortality, renal replacement therapy-dependence, and an inability to recover to 1.5 times of the baseline creatinine value up to 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the onset time of SA-AKI and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 653 patients with SA-AKI were included, 423 (64.8%) patients developed E-AKI, 230 (35.2%) cases developed L-AKI, MAKE occurred in 405 (62.0%) cases, and 301 (46.1%) patients died in hospital. Compared with E-AKI group, L-AKI patients showed higher AKI 3 level rate [55.7%(128/230) vs 40.2%(170/423), P<0.001], incidence of MAKE [72.6%(167/230) vs 56.3%(238/423,P<0.001)] and hospital mortality [55.2%(127/230) vs 44.1%(174/423), P=0.001]. The risk of MAKE and in-hospital mortality in L-AKI group increased for 2.55-fold times (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 1.94-6.04) and 1.84-fold times (OR=2.84, 95%CI: 1.44-5.60) when compared with those in E-AKI, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Late timing onset of SA-AKI is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

[Magnetic resonance imaging features and classification of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct].

Objective: To explore the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and classification of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). Methods: Data from 90 patients with intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct confirmed pathologically between June 2010 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The image analysis included the shape and location of the tumor, whether bile ducts had dilatation and the degree of dilation, whether there was a history of liver disease, whether there was a history of schistosomiasis, whether there was cancerous transformation, whether there were concurrent bile duct stones, whether there was hepatic lobe atrophy, whether there was hilar or abdominal lymph node enlargement, whether there was invasion of the bile duct wall, whether there was invasion of surrounding blood vessels, whether the tumor appears on T1-and T2 weighted imaging (T(1)WI and T(2)WI), whether the diffusion was limited, whether there was concurrent bleeding, enhancement rate, and whether there was abdominal fluid accumulation. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct were divided into four types according to the morphological classification standards: type I (local bile duct dilation), type II (cystic), type III (free tumor), and type IV (dilated bile duct). The differences in the clinical and MRI features of the four groups of lesions were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with a t-test, an analysis of variance, and an χ(2)-test according to the different data. Results: Among the 90 cases with hepatic IPNB, there were 31 cases of type I, 15 cases of type II, 16 cases of type III, and 28 cases of type IV, 41 cases of liver left lobe, 11 cases of right and left lobe liver span, 7 cases of liver right lobes, 2 cases of liver caudate lobe, and 13 cases of hepatic hilar. There were statistically significant differences between the four groups (P < 0.05) in terms of age, clinical symptoms, direct bilirubin, γ-glutamyltransferase, whether they were cancerous, whether they were combined with bile duct stones, whether the liver lobes were atrophying, whether there was limited diffusion, intrahepatic bile duct diameter, and common bile duct diameter. However, there were no statistically significant differences among the four groups in gender, location, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, history of liver disease, history of schistosomiasis, carcinoembryonic antigen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, whether hemorrhage was associated, lesion enhancement rate, whether the hilar/retroperitoneal lymph node was enlarged, whether the bile duct wall was invaded, whether blood vessels were invaded, and whether abdominal fluid was accumulated (P > 0.05). Conclusion: MRI manifestations have certain features for different types of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct tumors; hence, MRI aids in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this disease.