ABSTRACT
Oral photography is one of the essential methods of maintaining dental records. The primary purpose of photography is to record an image. Images of the oral cavity should have sufficient detail for discerning the features of the hard and soft tissues; in addition, they should accurately reproduce the real colors as they appear in the mouth. Photographs are of value during the repeated monitoring of patients and while making comparisons among historical cohort studies. This article describes the equipment and techniques for obtaining high-quality images of the oral cavities of dogs and cats in a standardized way.
ABSTRACT
We employed genomic mutagenesis to the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis using Zeocin as a mutagen to develop enhanced carotenoid-producing mutant strains. The yeast mutant strains with enhanced carotenoid pigmentation were produced on agar plates containing Zeocin at a concentration of less than 1.5 µg/mL. The optimum concentration for producing enhanced carotenoid-pigmentation mutant strains was 0.25 µg/mL. The production of ß-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin in an enhanced pigmentation strain were 1.3, 1.65, and 1.5 times higher than in the wild-type strain. These results suggested that genomic mutagenesis of the yeast using Zeocin could be applied for efficiently producing enhanced carotenoid-producing mutant strains.