ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Neuropeptide Y (NpY) is an important factor in neuropeptide signalling, and significantly change in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, the role of NpY remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between NpY levels, nutritional status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with CKD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this cohort study, we performed Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions to assess the relationship between CSF and serum NpY levels, as well as nutritional indices. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of CSF NpY levels. As NpY affects the cardiovascular system, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the relationship between serum NpY levels and CVD. RESULTS: CSF NpY levels and nutritional indices were related during CKD progression (energy intake: ß=0.236, P<0.001; mid-arm muscle circumference: ß=0.953, P=0.014; prealbumin: ß=0.067, P<0.001), and had high specificity (79.9%). High serum NpY levels may be a risk factor associated with CVD (relative risk=1.8015, 95% confidence interval: 1.0509-3.0881). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested a relationship between CSF NpY levels and nutritional indices in CKD patients. High serum NpY concentrations may be a risk factor associated with CVD.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Neuropeptide Y/cerebrospinal fluid , Nutritional Status , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Up-Regulation , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropeptide Y/blood , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/cerebrospinal fluid , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
We purified many kinds of antifreeze proteins with high activity from the leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by several biochemical techniques. The antifreeze activities of these AFPs were measured by both osmometry and differential scanning calorimetry, and the inhibition of growth of ice crystals by the AFPs was obvious. Additionally, the antifreeze proteins were analyzed by sequencing, glycosylation reaction, mass spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both samples have some other unique structures different from those of fishes and of insects. It was suggested that plant AFPs might have a particular antifreeze mechanism in comparison with that of fish and insects.