ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Photothermal therapy is a novel tumor treatment strategy that uses photothermal agents to transform light energy into heat energy to accomplish non-invasive tumor ablation.The rise of photothermal therapy and nanotechnology has provided a new perspective on breast cancer treatment.OBJECTIVE:To prepare a new type of near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe that has been modified by breast cancer cell membrane,to investigate the effect of near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging in vitro,and to observe its targeting ability and photothermal therapy effect on homologous tumor cells in vitro.METHODS:Organic small molecule ITIC-4CI with A-D-A structure was used as photothermal agents;polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer as nanocarrier;4T1 cell membrane of mouse breast cancer cells as a surface modifier of nanoparticles;perfluorohexane(PFH)was loaded.A novel near-infrared biomimetic nanoprobe(4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH)was prepared by the double emulsion evaporation method and sonication method.The basic characterization of the nanoprobe and the homologous targeting ability were detected.The photothermal properties and photothermal stability of the probe were investigated,and the near-infrared fluorescence/ultrasound imaging effect of the probe under laser irradiation was observed.The CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining were used to assess the efficacy of photothermal therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The prepared 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH nanoprobes had uniform size,high stability,and an average particle size of(92.7±2.3)nm.The probe's protein composition was identical to that of the 4T1 cell membrane.The nanoprobe's ability to target homologous 4T1 cells was validated by an in vitro cell uptake assay.(2)The nanoprobe had a red-shift absorption spectrum and tail emission extending to the near-infrared-Ⅱ,which emitted a bright near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence signal under laser irradiation.(3)After laser irradiation,the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH could be turned into microbubbles and enhanced ultrasound imaging.The results of CCK-8 assay and calcein/propidium iodide staining showed that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH had an obvious photothermal killing effect on 4T1 cells.(4)The results show that the nanoprobe 4T1m/ITIC-4CI/PFH has the ability to target homologous tumors and enhance near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging/ultrasound imaging and photothermal therapy effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative nursing intervention in the prevention of postoperative retention of urine of patients after total knee arthroplasty. Methods 128patients underwent total knee arthroplasty were divided into the intervention group and the control group (64 cases in each group) by random number table.The patients in the control group received routine nursing care and the patients in the intervention group accepted preoperative nursing intervention 3 to 5 days before surgery. The incidence of post-operation urinary retention, catheterization, satisfaction degree and compliance of the patients were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of post-operation urinary retention and catheterization of the patients was respectively 15.6%(10/64) and 7.8%(5/64) in the intervention group,lower than 34.4%(22/64) and 23.4%(15/64) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.00, 5.93, respectively, P<0.05). The satisfaction degree and compliance of patients were respectively 95.3%(61/64) and 75.0%(48/64) in the intervention group, higher than 85.2%(52/64) and 31.3%(20/64) in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.12, 24.60,respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions Preoperative nursing intervention have good effect in the prevention of postoperative retention of urine and improving satisfaction degree of patients underwent total knee arthroplasty.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of blood volume changes and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture.Methods One hundred and fifty elderly patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture were enrolled in the study.Delirium was diagnosed by Confusion Assessment Method(CAM).Preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative data were collected,and the correlation of postoperative delirium and blood volume changes were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 59 patients(28 males and 31 females)had delirium after surgery and the occurrence rate of postoperative delirium was 39.3％ (59/150).The average age in delirium group was significantly older than that in the control group[ (77.71 ±6.63)years old vs(73.79 ±5.42) years old,t =-3.958,P ＜0.001 ].The average hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in delirium group were both less than that in control group whether before surgery or at 7 days after surgery( before surgery:average hemoglobin concentration:[ ( 117.80 ± 16.59)g/L vs( 123.92 ±14.61 ) g/L,t =2.378,P =0.019; hematocrit:(0.355 ± 0.154) vs(0.372 ± 0.210),t =2.291,P =0.023 ;7days after surgery:average hemoglobin concentration:(98.15 ± 11.51 ) g/L vs ( 102.33 ± 9.88 ) g/L,t =2.369,P =0.019; hematocrit:(0.296 ± 0.040 ) vs (0.306 ± 0.030),t =-3.958,P ＜ 0.001 ].There was no significant difference on gender,fracture type,surgical approach,operative time,blood loss and hemoglobin concentration at 1,3 days after surgery between the two groups( P ＞0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR 3.280 ),education ( OR 0.389 ),and hemoglobin concentration at 7 days after operration ( OR 1.097) were significantly related to the occurrence of postoperative delirium ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Our findings suggest that the risk for postoperative delirium is the result of more than one factor.Older age,continued postoperative low hemoglobin concentration and low degree of education present high risk of delirium in patients underwent surgery for hip fractures.