The correlation between the need for continuing care services, influencing factors, and social support and discharge readiness among discharged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between the need for continuing care services and influencing factors, social support, readiness for discharge among discharged pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 patients from a database of discharged patients with PTB from September 2023 to January 2024. A demographic and disease characteristics questionnaire, continuing care services basic modality questionnaire, continuing care services need questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) were used for this investigation. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the associated factors. RESULTS: The mean total score for the need for continuing care services among patients with PTB discharged from the hospital was (121.61 ± 22.98). The dimension with the highest score was health education guidance need. Compared to the the original hospital medical personnel, the primary source of care information after discharge was the local medical institutions was statistically significant and negatively correlated with continuing care service need (P = 0.005). Social support was positively associated with need for continuing care services (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Discharged PTB patients had a high degree of continuing care service need. Factors influencing the need for continuing care services are the primary source of care information after discharge was the local medical institutions, the social support. Medical staff need to provide targeted continuing care services based on relevant influencing factors to meet the discharge needs of patients.

The association between plasma osmolality and in-hospital mortality in the first 24†h after neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Background: Perturbation of osmolality is associated with increased mortality in adults and children in critically ill conditions. However, it is still unclear whether osmolality imbalance impacts the prognosis of critically ill infants. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma osmolality and prognosis in critically ill infants within 24 h of admission. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 1,042 infants who had plasma osmolality data from 2010 to 2018. The initial plasma osmolality (within 24 h after admission) was extracted from the pediatric intensive care database (PIC V1.1). The locally weighted scatter-plot smoothing (LOWESS) and restricted cubic splines (RCS) methods were used to explore the approximate relationship between plasma osmolality and in-hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to further analyse this relationship. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate the probability of hospital mortality within 90 days of admission. Subgroup analysis was employed to assess the impact of potential confounders (including postnatal days, gender, and gestational age). Results: An approximately"U"-shaped relationship between plasma osmolality and mortality was detected. In the logistic regression model, plasma osmolality <270 mmol/L (low osmolality group) was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (P < 0.05; OR 2.52; 95% CI, 1.15-5.06). Plasma osmolality >300 mmol/L (high osmolality group) was also significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05; OR 3.52; 95% CI, 1.16-8.83). This association remained even after multivariable adjustments. The 90-day survival rate was lower in the abnormal plasma osmolality group (including high or low osmolality groups) than in the intermediate group (log-rank test, P < 0.05). The abnormal plasma osmolality group had a significantly higher incidence of all-cause mortality in the 0-7 postnatal days subgroup (high osmolality group, P < 0.05; OR 5.25; low osmolality group, P < 0.05; OR 3.01). Infants with abnormal osmolality had a significantly higher mortality rate in the female group (P < 0.05). High osmolality was associated with a higher mortality rate in the preterm group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both hypoosmolality and hyperosmolality were shown to be independently associated with increased risk of in-hospital infant mortality in NICUs.

7-Guanidinyl Coumarins: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Application to Exploit the Pd-Catalyzed Release of Guanidines.

Molecular manipulation of guanidino-containing biomolecules in a cellular environment is fundamental to exploiting protein function and drug release, but currently, there is a lack of suitable methods for reaction screening and monitoring. To exploit the potential of the fluorescent method in this respect, herein, we evaluated a novel array of 7-guanidinyl coumarins by incorporating different substituted guanidino moieties into a coumarin scaffold. These compounds were prepared by guanidinylation reagent S-methylisothiourea or TFA-protected pyrazole-carboxamidine. Examination of their photophysical properties revealed that the fluorescence emission of alkyloxycarbonyl-substituted guanidinyl coumarin was significantly enhanced as compared with the unsubstituted analogue. This dramatic fluorescence difference enabled preliminary exploitation of the Pd-catalyzed release of allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc)-caged guanidinyl coumarin-6 in living cells.

ReACT (redox-activated chemical tagging) chemistry enables direct derivatization and fluorescence detection of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH).

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is a universal byproduct and product inhibitor of the methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation reaction. Here based on ReACT (redox-activated chemical tagging) chemistry, direct derivatization and fluorescence measurement of SAH were achieved with features such as mild reaction conditions and simple operation.

Facile access to S-methyl dithiocarbamates with sulfonium or sulfoxonium iodide as a methylation reagent.

Efficient access to S-methyl dithiocarbamates was achieved with sulfonium or sulfoxonium iodide as a methylation reagent. This method is reliable for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates from primary or secondary amines, with sulfoxonium iodide demonstrating more robust methylation capability than sulfonium iodide. Moreover, it also enables facile access to S-trideuteromethyl dithiocarbamates via sulfoxonium metathesis between sulfoxonium iodide and DMSO-d6 with high yields.

Global, regional, and national burden of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

To provide an overview of the global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections (NS) and their change trends from 1990 to 2019, based on the data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. This was a retrospective demographic analysis based on aggregated data. Annual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and their percentage changes of NS during 1990-2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Globally, the incident cases of NS increased by 12.79% (from 5.59 million in 1990 to 6.31 million in 2019), and the deaths decreased by 12.93% (from 0.26 million in 1990 to 0.23 million in 2019). In the globe, the ASIR of NS per 100,000 population increased by 14.35% (from 85.21 in 1990 to 97.43 in 2019), and the ASMR decreased by 11.91% (from 3.97 in 1990 to 3.5 in 2019). CONCLUSION: Increasing trends in incidence and decreasing trends in mortality of NS were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019. More robust epidemiological research and effective health strategies are urgently needed to reduce the disease burden of neonatal sepsis worldwide. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Neonatal sepsis has significant impacts on neonatal health, but estimates on the global burden and trends of neonatal sepsis are scarce and existing findings vary considerably. WHAT IS NEW: • Globally, there were 6.31 million incident cases of neonatal sepsis and 0.23 million deaths due to neonatal sepsis. • Increasing trends in incidence and decreasing trends in mortality of neonatal sepsis were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with the highest absolute burden in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the prevalence and association of pulp calcification with periodontitis.

Periodontitis has a known association with pathological calcification in the cardiovascular system. Considering the close anatomic and circulatory association between dental pulp and the periodontium, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pulp calcification (PC) under different periodontal conditions, as well as the associations of PC with the degree of periodontal damage, via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. In this study, 55 patients were categorized into three groups according to periodontal condition: group 1 (healthy controls), group 2 (periodontitis stage I-II), and group 3 (periodontitis stage III-IV). PC and radiographic bone loss (RBL) was assessed by CBCT in sagittal, axial, and coronal views, and statistical analyses were conducted. PC was identified in 378 of 1170 teeth (32.3%). The prevalence significantly differed among the three groups (P < 0.001). Group 2 had a 2.43-fold (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-3.61) higher risk of PC than group 1; and the risk of PC was 3.04-fold (P < 0.001, 95% CI 2.06-4.48) higher in group 3 than group 1. Teeth with more severe RBL exhibited a higher prevalence of PC (P < 0.001). Molar teeth had a higher risk of PC than incisors and premolars. In conclusion, the occurrence of PC is related to the periodontal state, and the prevalence of PC is higher in teeth with periodontitis; tooth type and periodontitis status are important risk factors for PC.

Strengthened Optical Nonlinearity of V2C Hybrids Inlaid with Silver Nanoparticles.

The investigation of nonlinear optical characteristics resulting from the light-matter interactions of two-dimensional (2D) nano materials has contributed to the extensive use of photonics. In this study, we synthesize a 2D MXene (V2C) monolayer nanosheet by the selective etching of Al from V2AlC at room temperature and use the nanosecond Z-scan technique with 532 nm to determine the nonlinear optical characters of the Ag@V2C hybrid. The z-scan experiment reveals that Ag@V2C hybrids usually exhibits saturable absorption owing to the bleaching of the ground state plasma, and the switch from saturable absorption to reverse saturable absorption takes place. The findings demonstrate that Ag@V2C has optical nonlinear characters. The quantitative data of the nonlinear absorption of Ag@V2C varies with the wavelength and the reverse saturable absorption results from the two-photon absorption, which proves that Ag@V2C hybrids have great potential for future ultrathin optoelectronic devices.

Regioselective Access to 2-Iminoimidazolidines via AgF-Mediated Cascade Reactions.

A convergent access to substituted 2-iminoimidazolidines from aromatic amines and N-propargyl S-methylthiourea is developed via Ag(I)-mediated cascade guanylation-cyclization reactions. This method features high regioselectivity, excellent efficiency, and mild reaction conditions. Subsequent deprotection of the Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl) group under acidic conditions provides expedient access to aryl 2-aminoimidazole derivatives in a convenient manner.

Effect of prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula on gastrointestinal diseases and physical growth in preterm infants: a Meta analysis. / é¢„é˜²æ€§ä½¿ç”¨æ°´è§£è›‹ç™½é æ–¹å¥¶å¯¹æ—©äº§å„¿èƒƒè‚ é“ç–¾ç— åŠä½“æ ¼ç”Ÿé•¿å½±å“çš„Meta分析.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the effect of prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula on gastrointestinal diseases and physical development in preterm infants. METHODS: A computerized search was performed in the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Weipu, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials of the effect of prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula on gastrointestinal diseases and physical growth in preterm infants. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a Meta analysis for the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled studies were included. The results of Meta analysis showed that compared with the whole protein formula, the prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula could reduce the risk of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (RR=0.40, P=0.04) and feeding intolerance (RR=0.40, P=0.005), and had no significant effect on the growth of weight, length and head circumference (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the whole protein formula, the prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula in preterm infants may reduce the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance, and can meet the nutrient requirement of physical development. However, the evidence is limited, and the results of this study cannot support the routine prophylactic use of hydrolyzed protein formula in preterm infants.

Ag(I)-Catalyzed rapid access to 2-amino-4-methylenethiazolines with potential applications in bioconjugation chemistry.

An Ag(i)-catalyzed tandem addition-cyclization of isothiocyanate and propargylamine was successfully applied to the synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylenethiazolines. This route features an unprecedented fast reaction rate with full conversion reached within 10 min at room temperature for aromatic isothiocyanates and excellent chemoselectivity for exocyclic products. The application of this strategy is further highlighted by the accelerated bioconjugation of propargylamine with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) under Ag(i)-catalysis.

Aldol sensor-inspired fluorescent probes for measuring protein citrullination.

Protein citrullination is an important posttranslational modification on an arginine residue. However, high quality fluorescent probes for measuring the citrullination level and capturing citrullinated proteins are quite limited. Inspired by the similarity between acid-promoted citrulline-labeling reaction and aldol reaction, here we present "turn-on" and "turn-off" fluorescent probes for measuring citrulline levels based on the scaffold of aldol sensors. Further application of the modified probe showed great potential to simultaneously monitor and capture citrullinated peptides.

[C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic treatment strategy for neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of C-reactive protein (CRP)-guided antibiotic treatment strategy for neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis (EOS). METHODS: A total of 428 neonates, with a gestational age of >35 weeks, who were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from February to July, 2019 and were suspected of EOS were enrolled as the observation group. The effect of antibiotic treatment was prospectively observed, and if clinical symptoms were improved and CRP was <10 mg/L in two consecutive tests, discontinuation of antibiotics was considered. A total of 328 neonates (gestational age of >35 weeks) who were admitted to this hospital from February to July, 2018 and were suspected of EOS were enrolled as the control group, and the use of antibiotics was analyzed retrospectively. The two groups were compared in terms of duration of antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay, incidence rate of repeated infection and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of repeated infection and clinical outcome between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For neonates with a gestational age of >35 weeks and a suspected diagnosis of EOS, CRP-guided antibiotic treatment strategy can shorten duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay and does not increase the incidence rate of repeated infection. Therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

[Application of the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality method in neonatal intensive care units].

The Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (EPIQ) method was proposed by Canadian Neonatal Network for high quality health care. The method is characterized by evidence-based, targeted, collaborative and continuous concept. At present it is applied in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This review article focuses on the application of the method in NICUs.