ABSTRACT
The textile industry's high-salinity wastewater presents a significant difficulty for fractioning salts and dyes. To fractionate the dyes and salts, a high-performance CPVC composite loose nanofiltration membrane (LNM) was fabricated by interfacial polymerization. The organic phase was obtained by crosslinking polyethylenimine (PEI) with tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA) using TMC. The resultant composite LNM performance was enhanced by adjusting the coating parameters, which included TA and GA concentrations as well as coating time. The study examined the effects of the total content of TA/PEI and GA/PEI concentrations on the chemical structure, surface roughness, and microstructure of the selective layer of LNM using SEM, AFM, FTIR, and water contact angle measurements. It also investigated the filtration performance of the membrane's selective layer, including pure water flux, PEG800 rejection rate, and membrane fouling analysis. However, the resultant membrane treated simulated reactive black 5 (RB5) dye wastewater. When the total content of TA/PEI is 4 kg L-1, the permeability of pure water flux is high at 7.5 L per m2 per h per bar when the total content of GA/PEI is 14 kg L-1 and the pure water flux is high at 8.8 L per m2 per h per bar. The overall PEG800 rejection rates were 97-98.98%. The optimal TA : PEI ratios reached a good pure water permeability up to 6.4 L per (m2 per h per bar) with a high rejection rate of 99.69% for a ratio 1/3 to dye, and GA : PEI ratios reached a good water permeability at 5.5 and 6.5 L per (m2 per h per bar) with rejection rates of 99.21% and 98.88% for ratio 1/3 and 3.5/10.5 for simulated RB5 dye, and the NaCl retention rate gradually decreased from 4% to 3%. The resultant LNM demonstrated promising applications in dye and salt fractionation.
ABSTRACT
Montmorillonite was used as raw clay to prepare the Al-pillared interlayer clay (Al-PILC) as support by impregnation methods. Co and Fe were loaded in series on Al-PILC to prepare the bimetal catalysts (Fe-Co/Al-PILC). The SCR-CH4 was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor and the results indicated that 0.27Fe-Co/Al-PILC exhibited 100% N2 selectivity and above 63% NO conversion in the presence of 10% H2O, and the introduction of Fe significantly improved the Co/Al-PILC catalyst's resistance to H2O and SO2. Characterization showed that Lewis and Brønsted acids co-existed on the catalyst surface, and the Lewis acid was the dominant active acid site and enhanced the activation of methane over the 0.27Fe-Co/Al-PILC. Fe promoted the formation of isolated Co2+ and CoO species, and the isolated Fe3+ particles improved CH4-SCR performance. The reaction route was proposed based on in situ DRIFTS tests and the active intermediates were mainly various nitrates and nitromethane (CH3NO2).
ABSTRACT
Buildings constitute one of the most important landscapes in remote sensing (RS) images and have been broadly analyzed in a wide range of applications from urban planning to other socioeconomic studies. As very-high-resolution (VHR) RS imagery becomes more accessible, the current building extraction methods are confronted with the challenges of the diverse appearances, various scales, and complicated structures of buildings in complex scenes. With the development of context-aware deep learning methods, it has been proven by numerous works that capturing contextual information can offer spatial relation cues for robust recognition and detection of the objects. In this article, we propose a novel local-global dual-stream network (DS-Net) that adaptively captures local and long-range information for the accurate mapping of building rooftops in VHR RS images. The local branch and the global branch of DS-Net work in a complementary manner to each other with different fields of view on the input image. Through a well-defined dual-stream architecture, DS-Net learns hierarchical representations for both the local and global branches, and a deep feature sharing strategy is further developed to enforce more collaborative integration of the two branches. Extensive experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of our model on three widely used VHR RS data sets: the Massachusetts buildings data set, the Inria Aerial Image Labeling data set, and the DeepGlobe Building Detection Challenge data set. Empirically, the proposed DS-Net achieves competitive or superior performance compared with the current state-of-the-art methods in terms of quantitative measures and visual evaluations.
Subject(s)
Neural Networks, Computer , Remote Sensing TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of temporary ectopic implantation of amputated fingers and dorsalis pedis flaps for thumb reconstruction and skin defect repair of the hand. METHODS: Between February 2006 and February 2012, 9 patients with thumb amputation having no replanted condition were treated. There were 7 males and 2 females with an average age of 35 years (range, 20-45 years). The injury causes included explosive injury in 1 case, puncher injury in 1 case, stiring machine injury in 1 case, gear injury in 3 cases, and heavy pound injury in 3 cases. At 2-5 hours after injury, one-stage temporary ectopic implantation of amputated finger to foot was performed. After debridement, thumb defect was rated as degree III in 1 case, as degree IV in 3 cases, and as degree V in 5 cases. When amputated fingers survived completely after 1-4 months, the amputated finger was replanted to its anatomic position, skin defect was repaired with dorsalis pedis flap. The area of skin defect ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 7 cm x 6 cm. The area of flaps ranged from 6 cm x 5 cm to 8 cm x 7 cm. The donor site was repaired by the skin grafting. RESULTS: Arterial crisis occurred in 1 case after 1 day of one-stage operation, and was cured after vascular exploration, and the amputated fingers survived in the others. The reconstructed thumbs and flaps survived after two-stage operation, and the skin graft at donor site survived. The patients were followed up 1-4 years (mean, 2.8 years). The reconstructed thumbs had good appearance and satisfactory opposition and finger-to-finger functions. According to the standard functional evaluation issued by Hand Surgery Association of Chinese Medical Association, the scores of survival fingers were 73-91 (mean, 84); the results were excellent in 7 cases and good in 2 cases with an excellent and good rate of 100%. CONCLUSION: Temporary ectopic implantation of amputated finger to foot combined with dorsalis pedis flap can be used to reconstruct thumb and repair skin defect of the hand.