Molecular Detection of kdr and superkdr Mutation Sites and Analysis of the Binding Modes of Pyrethroid Insecticides with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in the Plant Bug Lygus pratensis (Hemiptera: Miridae).

This study identified genetic mutations linked to resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the plant pest Lygus pratensis. The voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene was cloned, revealing two mutations (Met918Thr and Leu1014Phe) in laboratory strains and field populations from Inner Mongolia, resulting in variable pyrethroid resistance. A 3D model of LpVGSC was created using homology modeling, and pyrethroid binding patterns were analyzed via molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed structural stability changes and binding stability of pyrethroids to VGSC sites. Mutation frequencies of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes did not exceed 40 and 20%, respectively. Toxicity tests showed high resistance to λ-cyhalothrin (LC50:401.31 ng/cm2). The kdr (L1014F) and superkdr (M918T) mutations weakened interaction forces, reducing pyrethroid binding. M918T and L1014F mutations are predicted to reduce Type I pyrethroid affinity, suggesting Type II pyrethroids may be more effective against resistant strains. These findings aid in resistance management and insecticide design.

Effects of multisensory stimulation on infants' learning of object pattern and trajectory.

This study investigated whether infants encode better the features of a briefly occluded object if its movements are specified simultaneously by vision and audition than if they are not (data collected: 2017-2019). Experiment 1 showed that 10-month-old infants (N = 39, 22 females, White-English) notice changes in the visual pattern on the object irrespective of the stimulation received (spatiotemporally congruent audio-visual stimulation, incongruent stimulation, or visual-only; η p 2 $$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ = .53). Experiment 2 (N = 72, 36 female) found similar results in 6-month-olds (Test Block 1, η p 2 $$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ = .13), but not 4-month-olds. Experiment 3 replicated this finding with another group of 6-month-olds (N = 42, 21 females) and showed that congruent stimulation enables infants to detect changes in object trajectory (d = 0.56) in addition to object pattern (d = 1.15), whereas incongruent stimulation hinders performance.

Boron induced multiple quorum-sensing circuits in parallel to assist in anaerobic digestion recovery from volatile fatty acids accumulation.

Exogenous quorum sensing (QS) molecular can regulate the activity and granulation process of anaerobic sludge in anaerobic digestion process, but would be impractical as a standalone operation. Here we demonstrated that application of 1 mg L-1 boric acid assisted in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor recovery from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. After VFAs accumulation, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal suddenly reduced from 78.98% to 55.86%. The relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens decreased from 55.79% to 68.28%-23.14%∼25.41%, and lead to the acetate accumulate as high as 1317.03 mg L-1. Granular sludge disintegrated and the average size of sludge decreased to 586.38 ± 42.45 µm. Application of 1 mg L-1 boric acid activated the interspecies QS signal (AI-2) and then induced the secretion of intraspecies QS signal (N-acyl-homoserine lactones, AHLs). AHLs were then stimulated the growth of syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogen. Moreover, the concentration of acetate decreased to 224.50 mg‧L-1, and the COD removal increased to 75.10% after application of 1 mg L-1 boric acid. The activated AI-2 may induce multiple quorum-sensing circuits enhance the level of AI-2 and AHLs in parallel, and in turn assisted in anaerobic digestion recovery from VFAs accumulation.

Monocyte HLA-DR level on admission predicting in-hospital mortality rate in exertional heatstroke: A 12-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Exertional heatstroke (EHS), a fatal illness, pronounces multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and high mortality rate. Currently, no ideal factor prognoses EHS. Decreased monocyte human leukocyte-DR antigen (mHLA-DR) has been observed in critically ill individuals, particularly in those with sepsis. While most research focus on the pro-inflammatory response exploration in EHS, there are few studies related to immunosuppression, and no report targeted on mHLA-DR in EHS. The present study tried to explore the prognostic value of mHLA-DR levels in EHS patients. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study. Clinical data of EHS patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy patients with 54 survivors and 16 nonsurvivors were ultimately enrolled. Levels of mHLA-DR in the nonsurvivors (41.8% [38.1-68.1]%) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (83.1% [67.6-89.4]%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that mHLA-DR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.939; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.892-0.988; p = 0.016) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores (OR = 0.726; 95% CI: 0.591-0.892; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors related with in-hospital mortality rate in EHS. A nomogram incorporated mHLA-DR with GCS demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration abilities. Compared to the traditional scoring systems, the prediction model incorporated mHLA-DR with GCS had the highest area under the curve (0.947, 95% CI: [0.865-0.986]) and Youden index (0.8333), with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83.33%, and a greater clinical net benefit. CONCLUSION: Patients with EHS were at a risk of early experiencing decreased mHLA-DR early. A nomogram based on mHLA-DR with GCS was developed to facilitate early identification and timely treatment of individuals with potentially poor prognosis.

The Changes in the Quantity of Lymphocyte Subpopulations during the Process of Sepsis.

Sepsis remains a global challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where there is an urgent need for easily accessible and cost-effective biomarkers to predict the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis. Lymphocyte counts are easy to measure clinically, and a large body of animal and clinical research has shown that lymphocyte counts are closely related to the incidence and prognosis of sepsis. This review extensively collected experimental articles related to lymphocyte counts since the unification of the definition of sepsis. The article categorizes and discusses the relationship between absolute lymphocyte counts, intrinsic lymphocyte subsets, effector T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and the incidence and prognosis of sepsis. The results indicate that comparisons of absolute lymphocyte counts alone are meaningless. However, in addition to absolute lymphocyte counts, innate lymphocyte subsets, effector T-cells, B-lymphocytes, and dendritic cells have shown certain research value in related studies.

The significance of HAUS1 and its relationship with immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: HAUS Augmin-like complex subunit 1(HAUS1), as a controlling gene, which affected the production of spindle was firstly discovered in Drosophila cells. Although HAUS1 has been intensively studied, but its significance and relationship with the immune microenvironment in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Materials and Methods: All data of HCC in this paper were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Human Protein Atlas(HPA) database. The role and potential value of HAUS1 in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC were studied by applying plenty of bioinformatics analysis methods. Knocked down the expression of HAUS1 through siRNA and further investigated the function of HAUS1 in HCC Results: HAUS1 was highly expressed in HCC, which led to a poor prognosis. ROC curve analysis showed that HAUS1 had a excellent diagnostic value. It was also associated with clinical stage, pathological grade and AFP of HCC. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that HAUS1 was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. HAUS1 was associated with immune cells infiltrate and immune checkpoints in HCC, and it could generate significative therapeutic results when combined with anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 treatment. In vitro experiments, HAUS1 was found to promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis, participated in cell cycle regulation and inhibited apoptosis of HCC. Conclusion: These results suggested that HAUS1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target, as well as a diagnostic, prognostic, and survival biomarker for HCC.

Prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases: a scoping review / 预防医学

Objective@#To conduct a scoping review on prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases, and understand modeling methods, predictive factors and predictive effect of the models, so as to provide the reference for prognostic evaluation on patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases.@*Methods@#Literature on prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases was collected through SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science published from the time of their establishment to November 1, 2023. The quality of literature was assessed using prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST), then modeling methods, predictive factors and predictive effects were reviewed.@*Results@#Totally 2 130 publications were retrieved, and nine publications were finally enrolled, with an overall high risk of bias. Thirteen models were involved, with three established using machine learning methods and ten established using logistic regression. The prediction results of four models were death, with main predictive factors being age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Barthel index and pressure ulcers; the prediction results of nine models were rehospitalization, with main predictive factors being age, BMI, hospitalization frequency, duration of hospital stay and hospitalization costs. Eleven models reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), ranging from 0.663 to 0.991 6; two models reported the C-index, ranging from 0.64 to 0.70. Eight models performed internal validation, one model performed external validation, and four models did not reported verification methods.@*Conclusions@#The prognostic prediction models for patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases are established by logistic regression and machine learning methods with common nursing evaluation indicators, and perform well. Laboratory indicators should be considered to add in the models to further improve the predictive effects.

Mulches assist degraded soil recovery via stimulating biogeochemical cycling: metagenomic analysis.

Soil degradation of urban greening has caused soil fertility loss and soil organic carbon depletion. Organic mulches are made from natural origin materials, and represent a cost-effective and environment-friendly remediation method for urban greening. To reveal the effects of organic mulch on soil physicochemical characteristics and fertility, we selected a site that was covered with organic mulch for 6 years and a nearby lawn-covered site. The results showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels were improved, especially at a depth of 0-20 cm. The activities of cellulase, invertase, and dehydrogenase in soil covered with organic mulch were 17.46%, 78.98%, and 283.19% higher than those under lawn, respectively. The marker genes of fermentation, aerobic respiration, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation were also enriched in the soil under organic mulch. Nitrogen cycling was generally repressed by the organic mulch, but the assimilatory nitrate and nitrite reduction processes were enhanced. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was 12.63% higher in the mulch-covered soil, and functional genes involved in phosphorus cycling were also enriched. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the influence of organic mulch on soil microbes and provides a deeper insight into the recovery strategy for soil degradation following urban greening. KEY POINTS: • Long-term cover with organic mulches assists soil recovery from degradation • Soil physical and chemical properties were changed by organic mulches • Organic mulches enhanced genes involved in microbially mediated C and P cycling • Soil organic matter was derived from decomposition of organic mulch and carbon fixation • N cycling was repressed by mulches, except for assimilatory NO2- and NO3- reductions.

A nomogram based on lymphocyte percentage for predicting hospital mortality in exertional heatstroke patients: a 13-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a life-threatening disease without ideal prognostic markers for predicting hospital mortality. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study. Clinical data from EHS patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, were recorded and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors for mortality. The prediction model was developed with the prognostic markers, and a nomogram was established. RESULTS: The study ultimately enrolled 156 patients, and 15 (9.6%) of patients died before discharge. The lymphocyte count (Lym) and percentage (Lym%) were significantly lower in non-survivors (P<0.05). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that Lym% at the third day of admission (Lym% D3) (OR=0.609, 95%CI: 0.454-0.816) and hematocrit (HCT) (OR=0.908, 95%CI: 0.834-0.988) were independent protective factors for hospital mortality. A nomogram incorporating Lym% D3 with HCT was developed and demonstrated good discrimination and calibration ability. The comparison between the prediction model and scoring systems revealed that the prediction model had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.948, 95%CI: 0.900-0.977), with 100.00% sensitivity and 83.69% specificity, and a greater clinical net benefit. CONCLUSION: Severe EHS patients had a higher risk of experiencing prolonged lymphopenia. A nomogram based on Lym% D3 and HCT was developed to facilitate early identification and timely treatment of patients with potentially unfavorable prognoses.

Efficient Binocular Rendering of Volumetric Density Fields With Coupled Adaptive Cube-Map Ray Marching for Virtual Reality.

Creating visualizations of multiple volumetric density fields is demanding in virtual reality (VR) applications, which often include divergent volumetric density distributions mixed with geometric models and physics-based simulations. Real-time rendering of such complex environments poses significant challenges for rendering quality and performance. This paper presents a novel scheme for efficient real-time rendering of varying translucent volumetric density fields with global illumination (GI) effects on high-resolution binocular VR displays. Our scheme proposes creative solutions to address three challenges involved in the target problem. Firstly, to tackle the doubled heavy workloads of binocular ray marching, we explore the anti-aliasing principles and more advanced potentials of ray marching on interior cube-map faces, and propose a coupled ray-marching technique that converges to multi-resolution cube maps with interleaved adaptive sampling. Secondly, we devise a fully dynamic ambient GI approximation method that leverages spherical-harmonics (SH) transform information of the phase function to reduce the huge amount of ray sampling required for GI while ensuring fidelity. The method catalyzes spatial ray-marching reuse and adaptive temporal accumulation. Thirdly, we deploy a two-phase ray-tracing algorithm with a tiled k-buffer to achieve fast processing of order-independent transparency (OIT) for multiple volume instances. Consequently, high-quality and high-performance real-time dynamic volume rendering can be achieved under constrained budgets controlled by developers. As our solution supports mixed mesh-volume rendering, the test results prove the practical usefulness of our approach for high-resolution binocular VR rendering on hybrid multi-volumetric and geometric environments.

Analysis of risk factors for severe acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A retrospective study.

Background: Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) tend to have a poor prognosis. However, the exact mechanism of the co-occurrence of the two diseases is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for severe AKI in patients with AMI. Methods: A total of 2022 patients were included in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care. Variables were identified via univariate logistic regression, and the variables were corrected via multivariate logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the risks associated with the variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the risk of severe AKI among the patients. Results: Patients with severe AKI had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (28.6% vs. 9.0%, P < 0.001) and a longer duration of intensive care (6.5 days vs. 2.9 days, P < 0.001). In patients with AMI, the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP); international normalized ratio (INR); the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, and calcium; and a history of liver disease were found to be the independent risk factors for developing severe AKI after their admission. Increased levels of BUN and blood glucose and a high INR increased the risk of severe AKI; however, increased levels of calcium decreased the risk; SBP presented a U-shaped curve relationship. Conclusions: Patients with severe AKI have a poor prognosis following an episode of AMI. Furthermore, in patients with AMI, SBP; INR; a history of liver disease; and the levels of BUN, glucose, and calcium are the independent risk factors for developing severe AKI after their admission.

Cortical signatures of visual body representation develop in human infancy.

Human infants cannot report their experiences, limiting what we can learn about their bodily awareness. However, visual cortical responses to the body, linked to visual awareness and selective attention in adults, can be easily measured in infants and provide a promising marker of bodily awareness in early life. We presented 4- and 8-month-old infants with a flickering (7.5 Hz) video of a hand being stroked and recorded steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). In half of the trials, the infants also received tactile stroking synchronously with visual stroking. The 8-month-old, but not the 4-month-old infants, showed a significant enhancement of SSVEP responses when they received tactile stimulation concurrent with the visually observed stroking. Follow-up experiments showed that this enhancement did not occur when the visual hand was presented in an incompatible posture with the infant's own body or when the visual stimulus was a body-irrelevant video. Our findings provide a novel insight into the development of bodily self-awareness in the first year of life.

Prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with exertional heatstroke: a 13-year retrospective study.

Hyperactivity of coagulation is common in exertional heatstroke (EHS). Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is the most severe form of coagulation dysfunction and associated with poor outcome. DIC, temperature and Glasgow coma scale score were identified as independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and we developed a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality in a 13-year EHS patient cohort. The nomogram was assessed by calibration curves and bootstrap with 1,000 resamples. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared. Two hundred and ten patients were included. The in-hospital mortality was 9.0%, and the incidence of DIC was 17.6%. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.897 (95% CI 0.848-0.935, p < .0001) and was non-inferior to SOFA and APACHE II scores but superior to SIRS score, which were widely-used score systems of disease severity. The nomogram contributed to the adverse outcome prediction of EHS.

Method to Solve Underwater Laser Weak Waves and Superimposed Waves.

With the rapid development of Lidar technology, the use of Lidar for underwater terrain detection has become feasible. There is still a challenge in the process of signal resolution: the underwater laser echo signal is different to propagating in the air, and it is easy to produce weak waves and superimposed waves. However, existing waveform decomposition methods are not effective in processing these waveform signals, and the underwater waveform signal cannot be correctly decomposed, resulting in subsequent data-processing errors. To address these issues, this study used a drone equipped with a 532 nm laser to detect a pond as the study background. This paper proposes an improved inflection point selection decomposition method to estimate the parameter. By comparing it with other decomposition methods, we found that the RMSE is 2.544 and R2 is 0.995975, which is more stable and accurate. After estimating the parameters, this study used oscillating particle swarm optimization (OPSO) and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM) to optimize the estimated parameters; the final results show that the method in this paper is closer to the original waveform. In order to verify the processing effect of the method on complex waveform, this paper decomposes and optimizes the simulated complex waveforms; the final RMSE is 0.0016, R2 is 1, and the Gaussian component after decomposition can fully represent the original waveform. This method is better than other decomposition methods in complex waveform decomposition, especially regarding weak waves and superimposed waves.

Overexpression of DBT suppresses the aggressiveness of renal clear cell carcinoma and correlates with immune infiltration.

Conventional therapy for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is unpromising. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately linked to the invasiveness of a variety of tumor forms, including KIRC. The purpose of this research is to establish the prognostic and immune-related significance of dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) in individuals with KIRC. In this investigation, we discovered that DBT expression was down-regulated in a range of human malignancies, and low DBT expression in KIRC was linked to higher-level clinicopathological characteristics as well as a poor prognosis for KIRC patients. Based on the findings of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, DBT might be employed as an independent prognostic factor in KIRC patients. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to better investigate DBT's predictive usefulness. To confirm DBT expression, we examined KIRC cell lines using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We also examined the role of DBT in KIRC using colony formation, CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and wound healing assays. We discovered that plasmid-mediated overexpression of DBT in KIRC cells slowed cell proliferation and decreased migration and invasion. Multiple enrichment analyses revealed that DBT may be involved in processes and pathways related to immunotherapy and drug metabolism. We computed the immune infiltration score and discovered that the immunological score and the ESTIMATE score were both greater in the DBT low expression group. According to the CIBERSORT algorithm, DBT seems to promote anti-cancer immune responses in KIRC by activating M1 macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells while inhibiting regulatory T cells. Finally, in KIRC, DBT expression was found to be highly linked to immunological checkpoints, targeted medicines, and immunotherapeutic agents. Our findings suggest that DBT is a distinct predictive biomarker for KIRC patients, playing a significant role in the TME of KIRC and serving as a reference for the selection of targeted treatment and immunotherapy.

Immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from Phellinus igniarius YASH1.

Introduction: Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius) (Sanghuang) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine fungus, and its natural products have great potential for clinical application in immune enhancement. This study aimed to explore the immune-enhancing activity and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius) and to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of novel drugs. Methods: Wild P. igniarius YASH1 from the Loess Plateau in Yan'an region was collected, and polysaccharides and total flavonoids were extracted, isolated and identified from mycelium and sporophore. In vitro antioxidant activity was detected through the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals and total antioxidant capacity. Cell Counting Kit-8 and trypan blue detection kit were used to detect the effect of extract polysaccharides and flavonoids on the proliferation and phagocytosis ability of immune cells. To assess the effect of the drugs on cytokine secretion by immune cells and immune recovery in immunocompromised mice, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined at the cellular and animal levels. The species composition, abundance of gut microbiota and the altered content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces were analyzed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of drugs by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplifiers sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Both polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from mycelium or sporophore had antioxidant activity and may stimulate the expression and secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in immune cells while inhibiting TNF-α expression and secretion and increasing IL-2, IL-6, and IFN- γ expression levels in mice. Furthermore, polysaccharides and flavonoids from mycelium and sporophore showed different effects on the metabolic response of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice, and the use of these drugs remarkably changed the species composition and abundance of intestinal flora in mice. Discussion: Polysaccharides and flavonoids from P. igniarius YASH1 mycelium and sporophore have in vitro antioxidant activity, and they affect the promotion of cell proliferation, stimulation of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ secretion, and inhibition of TNF-α expression in immune cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids from P. igniarius YASH1 may enhance immunity in immunocompromised mice and remarkably affect the intestinal flora and content of SCFAs.

Construction and Validation of the Nomogram Based on von Willebrand Factor Predicting Mortality in Patients with Heatstroke.

Heatstroke (HS), a severe condition, can develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. However, at present, no early reliable index exists for risk stratification and prognosis. von Willebrand factor (vWF), a marker of vascular endothelial injury, is a key regulatory target of inflammation and coagulation, which is closely associated with the pathogenesis of HS. vWF was reported as a prognostic marker in several infectious and noninfectious severe illness such as COVID-19, sepsis, and trauma. Although early increased level of vWF is seen in HS, the relationship between vWF and mortality is to be elucidated. Clinical data of patients with HS in a tertiary hospital were recorded and analyzed. It was shown that plasma vWF concentrations at admission were significantly increased in the nonsurvivors (351% ± 105%) compared with survivors (278% ± 104%, p = 0.021). After multivariate logistic regression analysis it was shown that vWF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.010; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-1.18; p = 0.017), hemoglobin (Hb) (OR = 0.954; 95% CI, 0.931-0.979; p < 0.001), and hematocrit (HCT) in blood (OR = 0.859; 95% CI, 0.790-0.934; p < 0.001) were independent factors of in-hospital mortality in HS. The nomogram based on vWF and Hb was constructed in patients with HS. The area under curve under the receiver operating characteristic of this prediction model was 0.860 (95% CI, 0.773-0.923) and cutoff was 0.15, with Youden index 0.5840, which were not significantly different to sequential organ failure assessment (p = 0.0644), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (p = 0.7976), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) scores (p = 0.3274). The prediction model that integrated vWF and Hb showed a better predicting efficiency than single variable, and a higher specificity (81.48%) than APACHE II (72.84%) and SIRS (72.84%) scores. In summary, vWF, as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality, combined with Hb, could effectively prognosis the mortality in HS patients at early stage.

Temporal hormetic response of soil microbes to cadmium: A metagenomic perspective.

The hormetic response of microbes to cadmium (Cd) is often observed in soil, but the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we proposed a novel perspective of hormesis that successfully explained the temporal hermetic response of soil enzymes and microbes, and the variation of soil physicochemical properties. Several soil enzymatic and microbial activities were stimulated by 0.5 mg·kg-1 exogenous Cd, but inhibited at higher Cd dosages. The phenomena suggested the hormetic response to 0.5 mg·kg-1 Cd was highly generalizable concerning soil enzymes and microbial activity. However, the response disappeared after incubation for >10 days. Soil respiration was also initially enhanced by exogenous Cd and decreased after consumption of labile soil organic matter. The metagenomic results revealed Cd stimulation of genes involved in labile soil organic matter decomposition. Additionally, Cd enriched the antioxidant enzymatic activity and abundances of the corresponding marker genes, rather than genes involved in the efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance. The microbes enhanced their primary metabolism to make up the energy gaps, with hormesis evident. The hormetic response disappeared after the labile compounds in soil were exhausted. Overall, this study illustrates the dose-dependence and temporal variation of stimulants and provides a novel and feasible strategy for the study of Cd in soil microorganisms.

Prodrug Based on Ionic Liquids for Dual-Triggered Release of Thiabendazole.

The application of triggered release pesticides can provide active ingredient release at required environmental conditions, reduce environmental problems, and toxicity to nontarget organisms. In this work, a novel prodrug that responds to water and enzymes as release triggers for thiabendazole was prepared. The release behaviors under different conditions, bioactivity against Penicillium italicum, and acute toxicity to Danio rerio of prodrugs were investigated. The results showed that the prodrug had remarkable water- and enzyme-triggered release properties, and the correlation coefficients (r 2) fitted by the Weibull model were all >0.99. Meanwhile, the prodrug showed improved antifungal efficacy against Penicillium italicum and reduced toxicity to Danio rerio. Overall, the prodrug developed offers an efficient way to triggered release pesticides, control fungal, and reduce the risk of harm to aquatic organisms.