ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease defined by fibrovascular conjunctival growth extending onto the cornea. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of CD44, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and E-cadherin in pterygium formation and recurrence. METHODS: Sixty patients with pterygium participated in the study, and we collected conjunctival samples from 30 patients to form a control group. CD44, PCNA, and E-cadherin expressions in surgically excised pterygium were compared with tissue samples from the control group. RESULTS: We observed that the percentages of CD44 and PCNA were statistically higher in the primary pterygium group and recurrent pterygium group than in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, E-cadherin values were statistically higher in the control group than in the primary and recurrent pterygium groups (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Cell proliferation and cell adhesion factors may play important roles in the pathogenesis of pterygium.
Subject(s)
Cadherins , Conjunctiva , Hyaluronan Receptors , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Pterygium , Female , Humans , Male , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cadherins/metabolism , Cadherins/biosynthesis , Conjunctiva/metabolism , Conjunctiva/pathology , Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism , Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics , Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/biosynthesis , Pterygium/diagnosis , Pterygium/metabolism , Pterygium/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Surgery is presently the mainstay in the treatment of cerebral hydatid cysts, but removal without perforation of the cyst wall is critical. The Dowling-Orlando technique has been the main surgical choice for the intact removal of intracranial hydatid cysts. Dowling described his technique in 1929, well before the introduction of the microscope in neurosurgery. Using the operating microscope has not been reported in the removal of a large hydatid cyst. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The case of a 16-year-old male with a large, right parieto-occipital hydatid cyst is presented. INTERVENTION: In this case, surgery was greatly aided by the use of the microscope in the initial stage of the removal of the cyst. Cyst extraction during the delivery process was continued without the aid of the microscope. The cyst was successfully removed intact. CONCLUSION: The use of the magnification during the early part of the surgery of a hydatid cyst is extremely helpful because, at a crucial stage of the procedure, it prevents inadvertent damage of the very thin cyst wall and allows development of the critical surgical plane.
