Transplanting mitochondria from gastric epithelial cells reduces the malignancy of gastric cancer.

Mitochondria are essential for energy supplementation and metabolic homeostasis of cancer cells. Using mitochondria transplantation to reduce the malignancy of gastric cancer (GC) cells is herein proposed. In our study normal human gastric mucous epithelium cell line (GES-1) showed a lower mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) compared to immortalized human vascular endothelial cell line (EAhy 926) and human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS). The transplantation of GES-1 mitochondria to AGS were confirmed both by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After transplanting GES-1 mitochondria, the AGS showed a reduced cell migration, and invasion without affecting cell viability and apoptosis. Investigating the expression of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), transplanted GES-1 mitochondria reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers α-SMA, MMP-9, snail, vimentin and N-cadherin, whereas the epithelial markers E-cadherin and clauding-1 were not changed. The proteins implicated in the cell cycle such as cyclin B1 and D1 were decreased. In mice, inoculation with AGS carrying the transplanted GES-1 mitochondria resulted in smaller sized tumors. Further investigating the mitochondrial balance, the transplanted GES-1 mitochondria were more stably preserved compared to endogenous AGS mitochondria. The MMP, ATP production and mitochondrial mass decreased in GES-1 mitochondria and the mitophagic proteins LC3 II and PINK1 were up-regulated. In conclusion the decreased malignancy of AGS was a result of exogenous GES-1 mitochondria transplantation. This suggests for a therapy with low efficiency mitochondria transplantation in the treatment of cancer cells.

The quantum oscillations in different probe configurations in the [Formula: see text] topological insulator macroflake.

We demonstrate quantum oscillations in [Formula: see text] topological insulator macroflakes in different probe configurations. The oscillation period in the local configuration is twice compared to the non-local configuration. The Aharonov-Bohm-like (AB-like) oscillation dominates the transport property in the local configuration and the Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak-like (AAS-like) oscillation dominates the transport property in the non-local configuration. The AB-like oscillation period is 0.21 T and the related loop diameter is 156 nm which is consistent with the reported phase coherence length in topological insulators. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation frequency is the same but oscillation peaks reveal a [Formula: see text] phase shift in the local and non-local configuration. The Berry phase is [Formula: see text] in the local configuration and 0 in non-local configuration.

Observation of Landau Level-Dependent Aharonov-Bohm-Like Oscillations in a Topological Insulator.

We study the quantum oscillations in the BiSbTe3 topological insulator. In addition to the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation, the Aharonov-Bohm-like (ABL) oscillations are also observed. The ABL oscillation period is constant at each Landau level (LL) which is determined from the SdH oscillation. The shorter ABL oscillation periods are observed at lower LLs. The oscillation period is proportional to the square root of the LL at temperatures. The ratio of the ABL oscillation period to the effective mass is weak LL dependence. The LL-dependent ABL oscillation might originate from the LL-dependent effective mass.