Drug-induced entero-colitis due to interleukin-17 inhibitor use; capsule endoscopic findings and pathological characteristics: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors are known to cause exacerbation or new onset of inflammatory bowel disease upon administration. However, few reports have described characteristic endoscopic and histopathologic findings, and no small intestinal lesions have been reported so far. CASE SUMMARY: A woman in her 60s with psoriasis was administered ixekizumab (IXE), an anti-IL-17A antibody, for the treatment of psoriasis. Twenty months after commencing treatment, the patient visited our hospital because of persistent diarrhea. Blood tests performed at the time of the visit revealed severe inflammation, and colonoscopy revealed multiple round ulcers throughout the colon. A tissue biopsy of the ulcer revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells and granuloma-like findings in the submucosal layer. Capsule endoscopy revealed multiple jejunal erosions. After the withdrawal of IXE, the symptoms gradually improved, and ulcer reduction and scarring of the colon were endoscopically confirmed. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, 17 reports have documented IL-17 inhibitor-induced entero-colitis with endoscopic images, endoscopic findings, and pathological characteristics, including the present case. Nine of these cases showed diffuse loss of vascular pattern, coarse mucosa/ulcer formation in the left colon, and endoscopic findings similar to those of ulcerative colitis. In the remaining eight cases, discontinuous erosions and ulcerations from the terminal ileum to the rectum were seen, with endoscopic findings similar to those of Crohn's disease. In this case, the findings were confirmed by capsule endoscopy, which has not been previously reported.

"Direct MPR": A Useful Tool for Oblique CT Fluoroscopy-Assisted Puncture.

OBJECTIVE: Conventional multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) imaging can be used as a tool for planning oblique puncture procedures, but it takes a few minutes to reconstruct and is not appropriate for real-time CT fluoroscopy-assisted puncture. Recently, new MPR technology has been used that requires only 8 s and makes it possible to obtain a nearly real-time CT fluoroscopy-assisted oblique puncture. We refer to it as "direct MPR." This is the first clinical report of this technique. METHODS: Since February 2016, we have performed real-time, CT-guided oblique punctures with this new technology, "direct MPR," using an angio-CT system. We retrospectively reviewed all of our procedures with this new method between February 2016 and June 2016. RESULTS: We used this technique for 14 cases during the study period. Eight cases were radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), four were biopsies (lung and adrenal gland), and two were for percutaneous abscess drainage. Six of eight RFA cases were for HCC located immediately below the diaphragm. Both of the drainage cases were abscesses located immediately below the diaphragm. All procedures were successfully completed. The average length of the lesion in the RFA cases was 15.4 ± 3.2 mm. The average length of the lesions in all of the cases was 30.9 ± 31.9 mm. The average craniocaudal angle was 32.5° ± 14.0°. CONCLUSIONS: Direct MPR makes CT-guided oblique puncture for inaccessible targets, especially those located immediately below diaphragm, easier and safer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, Level IV.