The application of drug behavior management methods in the treatment of dental fear and oral diseases in children: A review.

Oral behavior management methods include basic behavior management methods and drug behavior management methods. In many cases, dental treatment that cannot be done simply through basic behavior management is not possible. The uncooperative behavior of children with dental fear in oral treatment has increased the demand for medication based behavior management methods. Drug sedation can provide more effective analgesic and anti-anxiety effects, thereby helping to provide comfortable, efficient, and high-quality dental services. This article will review the drug sedation methods selected in clinical treatment of pediatric dental fear in recent years, as well as the safety and effectiveness of commonly used drugs, in order to provide guidance for dental professionals in clinical practice.

Glia Maturation Factor-ß Supports Liver Regeneration by Remodeling Actin Network to Enhance STAT3 Proliferative Signals.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Glia maturation factor-ß (GMFB) is a bona fide member of the actin depolymerizing factor homology family. Recently, emerging evidence suggested its implication in liver diseases, but data on its role in liver remain limited. METHODS: Assessment of GMFB in liver histology, impact on liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation, and the underlying molecular pathways were conducted using mouse models with acute liver injury. RESULTS: GMFB is widely distributed in normal liver. Its expression increases within 24 hours after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Adult Gmfb knockout mice and wild-type littermates are similar in gross appearance, body weight, liver function, and histology. However, compared with wild-type control, Gmfb knockout mice post-PHx develop more serious liver damage and steatosis and have delayed liver regeneration; the dominant change in liver transcriptome at 24 hours after PHx is the significantly suppressed acute inflammation pathways; the top down-regulated gene sets relate to interleukin (IL)6/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Another mouse model intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride replicated these findings. Furthermore, Gmfb knockout and wild-type groups have the similar numbers of Kupffer cells, but Gmfb knockout Kupffer cells once stimulated produce less IL6, tumor necrosis factor, and IL1ß. In hepatocytes treated with IL6, GMFB associates positively with cell proliferation and STAT3/cyclin D1 activation, but without any direct interaction with STAT3. In Gmfb knockout hepatocytes, cytoskeleton-related gene expression was changed significantly, with an abnormal-appearing morphology of actin networks. In hepatocyte modeling, actin-filament turnover, STAT3 activation, and metabolite excretion show a strong reliance on the status of actin-filament organization. CONCLUSIONS: GMFB plays a significant role in liver regeneration by promoting acute inflammatory response in Kupffer cells and by intracellularly coordinating the responsive hepatocyte proliferation.

Different dosing intervals of mifepristone-misoprostol for second-trimester termination of pregnancy: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To compare 1- and 2-day drug administration interval between mifepristone and misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination and provide evidence-based recommendations. METHODS: Search strategy: the search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for the relevant published studies from their establishment to March 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 1- and 2-day time interval of mifepristone-misoprostol for termination of pregnancy during second-trimester pregnancy were considered. Data were processed using Revman 5.3 software. RESULTS: Meta-analyses of three RCTs showed no significant difference was reported in the induction-to-abortion time and successful abortion rate between 1- and 2-day mifepristone and misoprostol intervals. Statistical difference was not identified in the induction-to-abortion time between the two drug administration intervals in nulliparous or parous women. CONCLUSIONS: Both 1- and 2-day dosing intervals between mifepristone and misoprostol are suitable for clinical use for second-trimester medical termination of pregnancy.

[Effects of Cyclical Temperature Fluctuations on Organic Carbon Mineralization in Purple Soil].

In the natural state, the soil temperature changes periodically throughout the day, but there is no unified opinion on whether the daily variation of soil temperature affects the mineralization of soil organic carbon. Therefore, the effect of cyclical temperature fluctuations on organic carbon mineralization of purple soil, widely distributed in southwest China, was studied by an incubation experiment in the laboratory. These soils were incubated at three constant temperatures (15, 20, and 25℃) with cyclically fluctuating temperatures (the range was within 15/25℃) and two moisture levels (70% water holding capacity (WHC) and submerged condition). In the entire incubation period (66 d), aerobic and submerged condition, variable temperature (15/25℃) cultivation of purple soil, SOC cumulative mineralization and the mineralization intensity had no obvious differences with constant temperature of 20℃. This indicated that the periodic variable temperature treatment (15/25℃) of SOC mineralization of purple soil with the same accumulated temperature of constant temperature processing (20℃). In addition, except for constant temperature of 15℃, the temperature processing of submerged condition of purple soil SOC cumulative mineralization was significantly higher than 70% WHC treatment (P<0.05). During the entire incubation period, soil microorganism carbon content could not reflect the SOC mineralization differences under constant temperature and cyclically fluctuating temperature. According to two-pool first-order model, the submerged condition can effectively increase the labile SOC pool size of purple soil, but the cyclically fluctuating temperature cannot effectively affect the labile SOC pool size of purple soil.

Effects and possible mechanism of a picosecond pulsed electric field on angiogenesis in cervical cancer in vitro.

Picosecond pulsed electric field (psPEF) is an athermal, minimally invasive and local ablative biomedical engineering technique used in cancer therapy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of psPEF on angiogenesis in cervical cancer is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanism of psPEF on angiogenesis in cervical cancer in vitro. HeLa cell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) suspensions were exposed to psPEF with an increasing gradient of electric field intensity (0, 200, 400 and 600 kV/cm). A Cell Counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effect of psPEF on the proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs. The invasion, migration and tube formation capabilities of HUVECs following psPEF treatment were investigated by Transwell invasion assay, scratch test and lumen formation assay, respectively. Changes in the protein and mRNA levels of angiogenesis-associated factors in HeLa cells were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. psPEF was identified to inhibit proliferation and tube formation, and induce apoptosis and necrosis of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. psPEF was revealed to decrease the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in HeLa cells. In summary, psPEF exhibited anti-angiogenic effects in cervical cancer in vitro by exerting direct effects on HUVECs and indirect effects on angiogenesis-associated factors in HeLa cells.

Speckle-type POZ (pox virus and zinc finger protein) protein gene deletion in ovarian cancer: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of a tissue microarray.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of speckle-type POZ (pox virus and zinc finger protein) protein (SPOP) gene located on chromosome 17q21 in ovarian cancer (OC). The present study evaluated a tissue microarray, which contained 90 samples of ovarian cancer and 10 samples of normal ovarian tissue, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH is a method where a SPOP-specific DNA red fluorescence probe was used for the experimental group and a centromere-specific DNA green fluorescence probe for chromosome 17 was used for the control group. The present study demonstrated that a deletion of the SPOP gene was observed in 52.27% (46/88) of the ovarian cancer tissues, but was not identified in normal ovarian tissues. Simultaneously, monosomy 17 was frequently identified in the ovarian cancer tissues, but not in the normal ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the present data revealed that the ovarian cancer histological subtype and grade were significantly associated with a deletion of the SPOP gene, which was assessed by the appearance of monosomy 17 in the ovarian cancer samples; the deletion of the SPOP gene was observed in a large proportion of serous epithelial ovarian cancer (41/61; 67.21%), particularly in grade 3 (31/37; 83.78%). In conclusion, deletion of the SPOP gene on chromosome 17 in ovarian cancer samples, which results from monosomy 17, indicates that the SPOP gene may serve as a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer.

Grb7 gene amplification and protein expression by FISH and IHC in ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (Grb7) has been found in numerous human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Grb7 gene amplification and protein expression in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS: We use Tissue Microarray (TMA) respectively to detect the gene amplification and protein expression of Grb7 in 90 cases OC and 10 control specimens of normal ovarian tissues by IHC and FISH. RESULTS: The Grb7 protein expression by IHC analysis was observed in 52/90 (57.8%) OC with 3 cases (3.3%) scored 3(+) and 9 cases (10%) scored 2(+) Grb7 gene amplification by FISH analysis was successfully detectable in 6 specimens with a positive rate of 6.8% (6/88) in which immunostaining 3(+), 2(+) and negative (1(+)/0) expressions of Grb7 were 100.0% (3/3), 11.1% (1/9) and 2.6% (2/76), respectively. Our data exhibited that the IHC and FISH results had a good consistency between Grb7 gene amplification and Grb7 protein expression (Kappa = 0.651, P < 0.001). Both the results of IHC and FISH revealed that Grb7 did not seem to have a role in OC clinicopathology. CONCLUSION: There is a close relationship between Grb7 gene amplification and GRB7 protein overexpression in human OC. IHC might have limited diagnostic value especially in these tumors and especially in characterizing genetically diverse borderline cases, FISH could be superior to IHC.