Clinical features and prognosis of chronic natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current treatment status and prognostic regression of the chronic NK cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD-NK). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 18 patients with CLPD-NK who were treated at our Hospital between September 2016 and September 2022. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included: three patients were treated with chemotherapy, five patients underwent immune-related therapy, one patient was treated with glucocorticoids alone, five patients were administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood transfusion therapy, or anti-infection therapy, followed by observation and follow-up, and four patients were observed without treatment. Fifteen patients survived, including two patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and seven patients who achieved partial remission (PR), of whom one patient progressed to Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL) and sustained remission after multiple lines of treatment; three patients were not reviewed, of which one patient was still in active disease, three patients developed hemophagocytic syndrome during treatment and eventually died, one of them had positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression. The 5-years overall survival rate was 83%. CONCLUSION: Most patients with CLPD-NK have inert progression and a good prognosis, whereas some patients have a poor prognosis after progressing to ANKL and combined with hemophagocytic syndrome. Abnormal NK cells invading the center suggest a high possibility of ANKL development, and immunosuppressants and hormones are effective treatments for this disease.

[Responses of water use efficiency of Chinese fir to mixed planting and meteorological factors]. / æ‰æœ¨æ°´åˆ†åˆ©ç”¨æ•ˆçŽ‡å¯¹æ··äº¤å’Œæ°”è±¡å› å­çš„å“åº”.

Chinese fir in China are generally inefficient plantations with single species, unreasonable stand density, and low productivity. The introduction of broadleaved species is usually adopted as a strategy to improve Chinese fir plantations. Taking the pure forests and mixed forests of the Guanshan Forest Farm in Jiangxi Province as example, we quantified the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of trees based on the stable isotope carbon method, as well as its response to meteorological factors, and investigated the improvement of stand quality after introducing Phoebe zhennan into Chinese fir plantation. The results showed that the basal area increment was 0.23 cm2 in pure forest, being higher than that of 0.19 cm2 in mixed forest. The δ13C and iWUE of pure forest were -27.4‰ and 52.9%, respectively, being lower than those of -26.7‰ and 62.8% in the mixed forest. Tree δ13C in pure forest was more sensitive to changes in mean annual precipitation and mean annual relative humidity, while that in mixed forest was not significantly correlated with meteorological factors. Pure forest iWUE was positively correlated with mean annual temperature, mean annual atmospheric CO2 concentration, and mean annual maximum temperature, and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual relative humidity, while mixed forest iWUE was positively correlated with mean annual atmospheric CO2 concentration only. Our results indicated that pure forests was more sensitive to climate than mixed forests.

Orelabrutinib-bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based regimens in the treatment of central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is an aggressive lymphoma. Orelabrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a new treatment strategy for CNSL. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orelabrutinib-based regimens in the treatment of patients with CNSL. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with CNSL were included in this retrospective study. All patients received the orelabrutinib-based regimen. Efficacy was evaluated based on investigators' assessment of overall response rate (ORR), complete response/unconfirmed complete response (CR/CRu), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The safety of orelabrutinib-based regimens has also been evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 17.39% of patients received orelabrutinib-based regimens for consolidation therapy, and 82.61% of patients for induction therapy (4 newly diagnosed CNSL, 15 relapsed/refractory CNSL). In the newly diagnosed CNSL group, the ORR was 100% (1 CR, 1 CRu, 2 PR). The 6-month DOR rate, 6-month PFS rate, and 6-month OS rate were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Of the 15 relapsed/refractory CNSL patients, five therapy regimens were applied (orelabrutinib, n = 3; orelabrutinib/immunotherapy, n = 3; orelabrutinib/chemotherapy, n = 2; orelabrutinib/immunochemotherapy, n = 6; orelabrutinib/radiotherapy, n = 1). The ORR was 60.00% (4 CR, 5 PR). The 6-month DOR rate, 6-month PFS rate, and 6-month OS rate were 92.30%, 67.70%, and 70.00%, respectively. Twenty-one patients reported adverse events (AEs), and 6 patients experienced grade ≥ 3 AEs. CONCLUSION: Orelabrutinib-based regimens were efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with CNSL. These combined therapies offer a new potential therapeutic strategy for patients with CNSL.

[Growth characteristics of different tree species in shelterbelts in the depression area of Hebei Province, China.] / åä¸‹åœ°åŒºé˜²æŠ¤æž—ä¸åŒæ ‘ç§ç”Ÿé•¿ç‰¹å¾.

This research investigated shelterbelt structure indices using the standard sampling method, to study the dynamic changes of different tree species including Ulmus pumila, Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis in the depression area in Xiaobazi Township of Fengning County, Hebei Province, China. The results showed that the average age of U. pumila, P. simonii and P. tabuliformis pure forests was 10 years in this area. The average DBH and tree height of P. simonii pure forest were 2.3 times and 3.8 times as those of U. pumila pure forest, as well as, 2.3 times and 3.0 times as those of P. tabuliformis pure forest, respectively. The average DBH, tree height, LAI and height of first live branch of P. simonii pure forest were significantly larger than those of U. pumila pure forest and P. tabuliformis pure forest. Compared with P. simonii mixed forest, the stand density of P. simonii pure forest was 10.8% higher, average DBH of pure forest was 5.2% lower, and average tree height was 11.3% lower. Compared with U. pumila mixed forest, the stand density of U. pumila pure forest was 6.6% higher, average DBH and tree height of pure forest were 7.8% and 14.2% lower. Compared with P. tabuliformis mixed forest, the stand density of P. tabuliformis pure forest was 4.9% larger, but average DBH and tree height were 29.3% and 31.8% lower, respectively. The average DBH, tree height of different forest types showed significant negative correlation with the stand density. Average LAI showed significant positive correlation with density and height of first live branch, and significant negative correlation with the DBH, tree height. There was a significant positive relationship between the average height of first live branch and stand density. The increments of DBH and tree height of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest were significantly higher than those of coniferous pure forest. The comprehensive growth potential of the shelterbelts tended to increase, and the lateral growth potential on the whole exhibited a declining trend.

[Foliar water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis of different canopy heights in Beijing western mountains area, China]. / åŒ—äº¬è¥¿å±±ä¾§æŸæž—å† å±‚ä¸åŒé«˜åº¦å¤„å¶ç‰‡æ°´åˆ†åˆ©ç”¨æ•ˆçŽ‡.

In this study, we focused on Platycladus orientalis, a widely distributed tree species in Beijing western mountains area, and precisely determined its foliar water use efficiency (including instantaneous water use efficiency derived from gas exchange and short-term water use efficiency obtained on carbon isotope model) by carefully considering the discrepancies of meteorological factors and atmosphere CO2 concentration and δ13C among different canopy heights, hoping to provide theoretical basis for carbon sequestration and water loss in regional forest ecosystem, and offer technical support for regional forest management and maintenance. The results showed that the foliar instan-taneous water use efficiency tended to increase with the increasing canopy height, following the order of the upper canopy > the middle canopy > the lower canopy. A variety of meteorological factors synergistically influenced stomatal movement, and stomatal conductance would in turn have an effect on foliar instantaneous water use efficiency. Foliar short-term water use efficiency also increased with increasing canopy height, following the order of the upper canopy > the middle canopy > the lower canopy. The differences of foliar short-term water use efficiency among different heights could be explained by discrepancies of environmental drivers and atmosphere CO2 concentration and δ13C. Platycladus orientalis leaves in upper canopy adapted to ambient condition by improving water use efficiency.