Sufficient sleep and physical activity can relieve the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter on depressive symptoms among 0.31 million children and adolescents from 103 counties in China.

BACKGROUND: Although long-term exposures to air pollutants have been linked to mental disorders, existing studies remain limited and inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and depressive symptoms, as well as the potential role of sleep duration and physical activity. METHOD: Using the surveillance data (2019 to 2022) of common diseases and risk factors among 312,390 students aged 10-25 years, logistic regression, generalized liner model (GLM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were employed to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to PM and depressive symptoms. RESULT: Significant associations were found between PM1 (OR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.32), PM2.5 (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.19-1.38), and PM10 (OR = 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.69-2.07) and increased risks of depressive symptoms. Sleep duration and physical activity relieved these associations. The odds ratios (ORs) of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on depressive symptoms were lower in group with sufficient sleep (1.02 vs. 1.49, 1.20 vs. 1.80, 2.15 vs. 2.23), lower in group with high level MVPA (1.13 vs. 1.48, 1.14 vs. 1.58, 1.85 vs. 2.38), and lower in group with high level outdoor activity (1.19 vs. 1.55, 1.23 vs. 1.63, 1.83 vs. 2.72). LIMITATIONS: Conclusions about causality remain speculative because of the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: Sufficient sleep duration and outdoor activity may mitigate the decline in mental health among adults in developing countries caused by long-term exposure to PM. This contribution enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms linking air pollution to mental health.

Machine learning-based integration develops a mitophagy-related lncRNA signature for predicting the progression of prostate cancer: a bioinformatic analysis.

Prostate cancer remains a complex and challenging disease, necessitating innovative approaches for prognosis and therapeutic guidance. This study integrates machine learning techniques to develop a novel mitophagy-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature for predicting the progression of prostate cancer. Leveraging the TCGA-PRAD dataset, we identify a set of four key lncRNAs and formulate a riskscore, revealing its potential as a prognostic indicator. Subsequent analyses unravel the intricate connections between riskscore, immune cell infiltration, mutational landscapes, and treatment outcomes. Notably, the pan-cancer exploration of YEATS2-AS1 highlights its pervasive impact, demonstrating elevated expression across various malignancies. Furthermore, drug sensitivity predictions based on riskscore guide personalized chemotherapy strategies, with drugs like Carmustine and Entinostat showing distinct suitability for high and low-risk group patients. Regression analysis exposes significant correlations between the mitophagy-related lncRNAs, riskscore, and key mitophagy-related genes. Molecular docking analyses reveal promising interactions between Cyclophosphamide and proteins encoded by these genes, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues. This comprehensive study not only introduces a robust prognostic tool but also provides valuable insights into the molecular intricacies and potential therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer, paving the way for more personalized and effective clinical approaches.

The potential role of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 during blastocyst implantation and uterine decidualization in mice.

During early pregnancy in mice, the establishment of uterine receptivity and endometrial decidualization require the extensive proliferation and differentiation of endometrial epithelial cells or stromal cells. Pin1 has been suggested to act as a molecular 'timer' of the cell cycle and is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation by binding many cell-cycle regulatory proteins. However, its physiological role during early pregnancy is still not fully understood. Here, we employed immunohistochemistry to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of Pin1 expression during early pregnancy. We found that Pin1 was mainly localized in subluminal stromal cells on day 4, in the decidual zone on days 5 to 8 of pregnancy and in artificial decidualization. Using a uterine stromal cell culture system, we found that progesterone, but not estrogen, induced the expression of Pin1 in a progesterone receptor-dependent manner. Inhibition of Pin1 in the uterus leads to impaired embryo implantation and decidualization in mice. Notably, a decrease in Pin1 activation affected the functional execution of several implantation- or decidualization-related factors. These findings provide new evidence for a previously unknown function of Pin1 in mediating embryo implantation and decidualization during successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance.

Safety evaluation of ceftazidime/avibactam based on FAERS database.

OBJECTIVE: To explore adverse event (AE) signals of Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. METHODS: AE reports primarily associated with CZA were retrieved from the FAERS database from the second quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2023. Signal detection was conducted using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) methods. RESULTS: A total of 750 AEs reports with CZA as the preferred suspected drug were obtained, identifying 66 preferred terms (PTs) involving 24 system organ classes (SOCs). Besides, the AEs already mentioned in the drug label, this study also revealed some new, clinically valuable potential AEsignals, such as Cholestasis (n = 14, ROR 29.39, PRR 29.15, IC 3.34, EBGM 29.11), Drug-induced liver injury (n = 8, ROR 9.05, PRR 9.01, IC 2.25, EBGM 9.01), Hepatocellular injury (n = 7, ROR 13.90, PRR 13.84, IC 2.41, EBGM 13.63), Haemolytic anaemia (n = 5, ROR 24.29, PRR 24.22, IC 2.42, EBGM 40.53), etc. Additionally, AE signals with higher intensity were identified, such as Hypernatraemia (n = 5, ROR 40.73, PRR 40.61, IC 2.31, EBGM 24.19), Toxic epidermal necrolysis (n = 4, ROR 11.58, PRR 11.55, IC 1.89, EBGM 11.54). Therefore, special vigilance for these potential AEs is warranted when using CZA clinically. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential AEs and risks associated with the clinical use of CZA, particularly the risks related to Cholestasis, Drug-induced liver injury, Haemolytic anaemia, Hypernatraemia, and Toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Applying metabolic modeling and multi-omics to elucidate the biotransformation mechanisms of marine algal toxin domoic acid (DA) in sediments.

Domoic acid (DA)-producing algal blooms are a global marine environmental issue. However, there has been no previous research addressing the question regarding the fate of DA in marine benthic environments. In this work, we investigated the DA fate in the water-sediment microcosm via the integrative analysis of a top-down metabolic model, metagenome, and metabolome. Results demonstrated that biodegradation is the leading mechanism for the nonconservative attenuation of DA. Specifically, DA degradation was prominently completed by the sediment aerobic community, with a degradation rate of 0.0681 ± 0.00954 d-1. The DA degradation pathway included hydration, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, automatic ring opening of hydration, and ß oxidation reactions. Moreover, the reverse ecological analysis demonstrated that the microbial community transitioned from nutrient competition to metabolic cross-feeding during DA degradation, further enhancing the cooperation between DA degraders and other taxa. Finally, we reconstructed the metabolic process of microbial communities during DA degradation and confirmed that the metabolism of amino acid and organic acid drove the degradation of DA. Overall, our work not only elucidated the fate of DA in marine environments but also provided crucial insights for applying metabolic models and multi-omics to investigate the biotransformation of other contaminants.

Unraveling neoantigen-associated genes in bladder cancer: An in-depth analysis employing 101 machine learning algorithms.

The therapeutic outcomes for bladder cancer (BLCA) remain suboptimal. Concurrently, there is a growing appreciation for the role of neoantigens in tumors. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the involvement of neoantigen-associated genes in BLCA and their impact on prognosis. Our analysis incorporated both single-cell sequencing and bulk sequencing data sourced from publicly available databases. By employing a comprehensive set of 10 machine learning algorithms, we generated 101 algorithm combinations. The optimal combination, determined based on consistency indices, was utilized to construct a prognostic model comprising nine genes (CAPG, ACTA2, PDIA6, AKNA, PTMS, SNAP23, ID2, CD3G, SP140). Subsequently, we validated this model in an independent cohort, demonstrating its robust testing efficacy. Moreover, we explored the correlations between various clinical traits, model scores, and genes. Leveraging extensive public data resources, we conducted a drug sensitivity analysis to provide insights for targeted drug screening. Additionally, consensus clustering analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed on bulk sequencing datasets and immunotherapy cohorts. These analyses yield valuable insights into the role of neoantigens in BLCA, guiding future research endeavors.

Analysis of related factors associated with campus bullying among middle and high school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyse associated factors of campus bullying in schools, and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of campus bullying, so as to provide a theoretical basis for campus bullying prevention and control.@*Methods@#In September 2023, 89 117 middle and high school students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method within 12 cities (103 counties) in Inner Mongolia, and were surveyed with self administered questionnaire. Among them, there were 62 381 participants in the training set and 26 736 participants in the testing set. Statistical analysis was conducted using χ 2 test and multiple Logistic regression, and a nomogram model was drawn for predicting campus bullying.@*Results@#The prevalence of campus bullying was 3.49%. Living in a suburban county, living in an unstable family, not the only child, having a father with a college degree or above, sometimes or never eating breakfast, being overweight or obese, living on campus, being scolded by parents in the past 30 days, smoking, Internet addiction, experiencing depression, anxiety symptoms, recreational soluble solvents use, cough medicine abuse, nonprescribed use of sedatives were all positively correlated with campus bullying ( OR =1.18, 1.40, 1.12, 1.33, 1.13, 1.72 , 1.12, 1.17, 1.82, 1.32, 1.83, 3.92, 2.40, 2.25, 1.51, 1.63, P <0.01).There were a negative correlation between high school students, female students, and the number of physical education classes per week (2-3, ≥4) with campus bullying ( OR =0.67, 0.58, 0.72, 0.83, P <0.01). The prediction model of campus bullying risk was established by nomogram model. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.82, and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value was close to the actual value.@*Conclusions@#Bullying among middle and high school students are related to family intimacy, poor daily behaviour and psychological factors. Targets of bullying intervention in schools should be identified, and preventive and control measures against bullying in secondary schools should be formulated, so as to reduce the occurrence of campus bullying.

Correlation between age of menarche/first spermatozoa and obesity in urban and rural primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the pubertal development of primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021, so as to provide clues for further clarification of the health hazards of early pubertal initiation.@*Methods@#From October to November 2021, primary and secondary school students in 12 provinces and cities of Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified cluster random sampling, including 21 662 girls who had reached menarche and 10 600 boys who had their first seminal emission, as well as 46 183 girls who had not reached menarche and 78 995 boys who had not experienced their first seminal emission. The height and weight of the primary and secondary school students were measured, and the time of first seminal emission or menarche was recorded. The study used the Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the differences between urban and rural students, Spearmans rank correlation to analyze the correlation between overweight and obesity and the age of pubertal initiation, and the Logistic regression model to analyze the correlation between pubertal initiation and age of pubertal initiation.@*Results@#The age of menarche for urban girls [(12.31±1.29) years old] was earlier than that of suburban girls [(12.43±1.24) years old], and the age of first spermatozoa for urban boys [(13.85±1.20) years old] was statistically significant compared with that of suburban boys [(13.79±1.36) years old] (t=12.76, 10.58, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the age of menarche and overweight/obesity among girls aged 10-14 years (r=-0.169, P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the age of spermarche and overweight/obesity in boys aged 5-9, 10-14, and 15-20 years (r=0.122, -0.022, -0.004, P>0.05). The occurrence of menarche in overweight girls was 1.06(95%CI=1.01-1.11) times higher than that in the normal group, and 1.13(95%CI=1.06-1.20) times higher among obese girls than normalweight girls. Compared to urban areas, primary and secondary school students in suburban counties observed the onset of puberty later [OR=0.88(95%CI=0.85-0.91) for menarche, OR=0.94(95%CI=0.89-0.99) for first spermatozoa] (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Obesity during childhood and adolescence is associated with earlier onset of puberty among female students in Inner Mongolia, and later onset of puberty among primary and secondary school students in suburban counties compared with those in urban areas.

Analysis of factors associated with anxiety symptoms of high school students in Inner Mongolia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyse the correlation between unhealthy lifestyles and anxiety symptoms among high school students in Inner Mongolia Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of anxiety symptoms among high school students.@*Methods@#From September to November 2023, 35 362 high school students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from 12 cities (103 counties) in Inner Mongolia Region, and the survey was conducted by using the questionnaire on student health status and influencing factors. The χ2 test and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms.@*Results@#The total number of students with anxiety symptoms was 2 747, and the detection rate of anxiety symptoms was 7.77%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that female students, father having higher education background, never eating breakfast, being overweight and obese, sleeping <8 h/d, being scolded by parents in the past 30 days, and depressive symptoms were positively correlated with the anxiety symptoms of the high school students (OR=1.31, 1.23, 1.53, 1.14, 1.22, 1.51,28.92); nonsmoking, having no alcohol consumption, no Internet addiction and no use of sedatives without doctors permission were all negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms of high school students (OR=0.84, 0.73, 0.57,0.40) (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Anxiety symptoms of high school students are closely related to unhealthy lifestyle. Measures should be taken to improve unhealthy lifestyle, so as to reduce the occurrence of anxiety symptoms in high school students.

Abscisic acid-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ modulates triterpenoid accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum. / è„±è½é ¸ä»‹å¯¼èƒžå† Ca2+参与调控灵芝三萜积累.

Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom widely used for its edible and medicinal properties. Primary bioactive constituents of G. lucidum are ganoderic triterpenoids (GTs), which exhibit important pharmacological activity. Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, is associated with plant growth, development, and stress responses. ABA can also affect the growth, metabolism, and physiological activities of different fungi and participates in the regulation of the tetracyclic triterpenes of some plants. Our findings indicated that ABA treatment promoted GT accumulation by regulating the gene expression levels (squalene synthase (sqs), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (hmgr), and lanosterol synthase (ls)), and also activated cytosolic Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, under ABA mediation, exogenous Ca2+ donors and inhibitors directly affected the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and related gene expression in Ca2+ signaling. Our study also revealed that ABA-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ played a crucial regulatory role in GT biosynthesis, accompanied by antioxidant defense modulation with increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and the resistance ability of O2•- and glutathione (GSH) contents.

Metabolomic responses based on transcriptome of the hepatopancreas in Exopalaemon carinicauda under carbonate alkalinity stress.

High carbonate alkalinity is one of the major stress factors for survival of aquatic animals in saline-alkaline water. Exopalaemon carinicauda is a good model for studying the saline-alkaline adaption mechanism in crustacean because of its great adaptive capacity to alkalinity stress. In this study, non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analyses based on high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were used to study the metabolomic responses of hepatopancreas in E. carinicauda at 12 h and 36 h after acute carbonate alkalinity stress. The results revealed that most of the significantly differential metabolites were related to the lipid metabolism. In particular, the sphingolipid metabolism was observed at 12 h, the glycerophospholipid metabolism was detected at 36 h, and the linoleic acid metabolic pathway was significantly enriched at both 12 h and 36 h. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that energy consumption increased at 12 h, resulting in significant enrichment of AMPK signaling pathways, which contributed to maintain energy homeostasis. Subsequently, the hepatopancreas provided sufficient energy supply through cAMP signaling pathway and glycerophosphate metabolism to maintain normal metabolic function at 36 h. These findings might help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the E. carinicauda under carbonate alkalinity stress, thereby promote the research and development of saline-alkaline resistant shrimp.

Adverse events of epidiolex: A real-world drug safety surveillance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.

Epidiolex, the first FDA-approved drug with cannabis extract, treats Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. Using data from the FAERS database between 2018 and 2023, this study analyzed 13,275 Epidiolex-related adverse events. Through computational methods (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, EBGM), we found that real-world adverse reactions largely align with those in Epidiolex's drug leaflet. However, Seizure cluster, Blood ketone body decrease, Cortical visual impairment, Hyperactive pharyngeal reflex, and Poverty of speech emerged as potential new side effects not previously listed, warranting further attention for drug safety.

Association Between Combinations of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Depression Among Adolescents - Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2019-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding the escalating rates of depression among adolescents. While certain individual behaviors have been suggested as potential protective factors for mental health, there is a scarcity of research examining the collective influence of 24-hour movement behaviors. What is added by this report?: This research documented the prevalence of adolescent depression, along with the rates of adherence to 24-hour movement behavior guidelines encompassing moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, and sleep time, in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. A significant correlation was observed between levels of depression and combined health behaviors. Of particular note was the finding that adherence to the "screen+sleep time" recommendation was linked with the lowest risk of depression. What are the implications for public health practice?: A comprehensive intervention that targets three 24-hour movement behaviors should be accentuated, with the combination of "sleep and screen time" potentially offering the most effective approach to managing depression.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness difference of SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccine in different populations in the real world: A review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has ravaged the world since December 2019. Up to now, it is still prevalent around the world. Vaccines are an important means to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and reduce severe disease and mortality. Currently, different types of novel coronavirus vaccines are still being developed and improved, and the relevant vaccines that have been approved for marketing have been widely vaccinated around the world. As vaccination coverage continues to grow, concerns about the efficacy and safety of vaccines after real-world use have grown. Some clinical studies have shown that vaccine effectiveness is closely related to antibody response after vaccination. Among them, the advantages of COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine, such as better adaptability to variant strains and better immune response ability, have attracted great attention. However, different populations with different genders, ages, previous COVID-19 infection history, underlying diseases and treatments will show different antibody responses after mRNA vaccination, which will affect the protection of the vaccine. Based on this, this paper reviews the reports related severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines, and summarizes the effectiveness of vaccines in different populations and different disease states and looked forward to the precise vaccination strategy of the vaccine in the future.

Marine toxin domoic acid alters protistan community structure and assembly process in sediments.

Domoic acid (DA)-producing algal blooms have been the issue of worldwide concerns in recent decades, but there has never been any attempt to investigate the effects of DA on microbial ecology in marine environments. Protists are considered to be key regulators of microbial activity, community structure and evolution, we therefore explore the effect of DA on the ecology of protists via metagenome in this work. The results indicate that trace amounts of DA can act as a stressor to alter alpha and beta diversity of protistan community. Among trophic functional groups, consumers and phototrophs are negative responders of DA, implying DA is potentially capable of functional-level effects in the ocean. Moreover, microecological theory reveals that induction of DA increases the role of deterministic processes in microbial community assembly, thus altering the biotic relationships and successional processes in symbiotic patterns. Finally, we demonstrate that the mechanism by which DA shapes protistan ecological network is by acting on phototrophs, which triggers cascading effects in networks and eventually leading to shifts in ecological succession of protists. Overall, our results present the first perspective regarding the effects of DA on marine microbial ecology, which will supplement timely information on the ecological impacts of DA in the ocean.

Spatial responses of water quality to river density and connectivity alterations on the Taihu Plain.

With the advancement of urbanization, the structure and connectivity of river networks have been changed by the interference of human activities, resulting in a series of water environment problems. Numerous studies have indicated that river networks are associated with water quality; unfortunately, few studies have revealed the contributions of the structure and connectivity of river networks to variations in water quality. Taking one water conservancy region with dense and braided rivers on the Taihu Plain as an example, we depicted the spatial aggregations of water quality using the Getis-Ord Gi* index, quantified the variations in polluted regions using the standard deviational ellipse method, and quantified the influence of river density and connectivity on water quality during the different seasons. The results showed that (1) the water quality during the flood season was better than that during the non-flood season, especially in the western region; (2) the spatial aggregations of most water quality indicators were higher and the polluted regions increased in size during the flood period compared to the non-flood period; and (3) the relative contribution rates of the river density and connectivity exhibited mean values of 62.5% (61.2%) and 37.5% (38.8%) in the flood (non-flood) period. Our results provide theoretical support for enhancing water environment management.

A longitudinal study on the effect of extreme temperature on non-accidental deaths in Hulunbuir City based on DLNM model.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the frequency and effect of extreme temperature on the non-accidental death rate in Hulunbuir, a Chinese ice city. METHODS: From 2014 to 2018, mortality data of residents residing in Hulunbuir City were collected. The lag and cumulative effects of extreme temperature conditions on non-accidental death and respiratory and circulatory diseases were analyzed by distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). RESULTS: The risk of death was the highest during high-temperature conditions, the RR value was 1.111 (95% CI 1.031 ~ 1.198). The effect was severe and acute. The risk of death during extreme low-temperature conditions peaked on the fifth day, (RR 1.057; 95% CI 1.012 ~ 1.112), then decreased and was maintained for 12 days. The cumulative RR value was 1.289 (95% CI 1.045 ~ 1.589). Heat significantly influenced the incidence of non-accidental death in both men (RR 1.187; 95% CI 1.059-1.331) and women (RR 1.252; 95% CI 1.085-1.445). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the temperature effect, the risk of death in the elderly group (≥ 65 years) was significantly higher than that of the young group (0-64 years). High-temperature and low-temperature conditions can contribute to the increased number of deaths in Hulunbei. While high-temperature has an acute effect, low-temperature has a lagging effect. Elderly and women, as well as people with circulatory diseases, are more sensitive to extreme temperatures.

Prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence and trend of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021，so as to provide a reference for making scientific and effective prevention and controlling measures of myopia.@*Methods@#By using the stratified random cluster sampling method, 555 093 children and adolescents were selected from 12 professional institutions in league cities of the whole region for remote vision examination and refractive examination. The refraction test was carried out under the condition of non-Ciliary muscle paralysis using a desktop automatic computer optometer. Chi-squared test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the myopia status of children and adolescents and its influencing factors.@*Results@#From 2019 to 2021, the myopia rate of children and adolescents was 53.30%, 58.65% and 54.82%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=991.70, P <0.01). The overall female myopia rate(58.82%) was higher than that of male (51.52%), and the differece was statistical significant ( χ 2=3 295.66, P <0.05). The myopia rates of boys and girls by year were 49.44% and 57.30%, 54.76% and 62.60%, 51.23% and 57.62%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=1 197.02, 922.31, 1 172.09, P <0.01). The overall myopia rate of urban students (59.42%) was higher than that of suburban counties (53.61%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=1 565.03, P <0.05). The myopia rates of children and adolescentss in urban and suburban counties were 59.20% and 50.79%, 60.26% and 57.88%, 58.95% and 53.36%, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=1 150.80, 74.10, 529.25, P <0.01). The children and adolescents of learning stages were of statistical significance ( χ 2=92 402.39, P <0.05), and the overall myopia rate of senior school students was the highest, accounting for 83.57%. The difference of overall myopia rates of different age groups was of statistical significance ( χ 2=121 881.67, P <0.05), and the students in age group of 17 ranked the first (83.32%), those in age group of 5 ranked the last(15.52%).@*Conclusion@#From 2019 to 2021, the myopia rate of children and adolescents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region increase first and then decrease, and the myopia rate in 2020 and 2021 is higher than that in 2019. The high incidence and low age of myopia are intensifying. The prevention and controlling of myopia among children and adolescents should be strengthened, so as to reduce the occurance of myopia.

Establishment and exploration of the mechanism of Co-morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention of major health problems of children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, child and adolescent health problems such as myopia, obesity, and mental health have attracted the attention of society as a whole and have become important public health issues. Considering high prevalence in each of the major health problems among children and adolescents in China, current high prevalence of co morbidities of these health problems needs further attention. Shared behavioral and environmental risk and protective factors make it possible to improve the co morbidities among children and adolescents through the same interventions. It is urgent to explore the Co morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention mechanism of common diseases of children and adolescents in China, and to explore standardized programs and processes for the implementation of comorbidity intervention for children and adolescents across varied scenarios including families, schools, communities and medical institutions, so as to improve the health level of children and adolescents.

Prevalence trend and related factors of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence trend of scoliosis among myopic students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2019-2022, to explore the common etiology of myopia and scoliosis co-morbidities, so as to provide a reference for the development of relevant measures.@*Methods@#The method of stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 181 533, 141 552 , 200 987, 190 918 primary and secondary school students from 12 leagues(103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Atuonomous Region in September each year from 2019 to 2022. And scoliosis screening, vision examination and questionnaire survey were conducted among students in the included studies. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the data, and the binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the influencing factors of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities.@*Results@#From 2019 to 2022, the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 55.55%-59.72%, scoliosis rate was 1.56 %-2.81% and the rates of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities were 1.14%-1.95%, and the difference between different years was statistically significant ( χ 2=595.01, 775.56, 461.84, P < 0.05 ). In 2022, the co-morbidity rate was higher in girls than in boys(1.32% vs 0.97%), the rate of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas(2.57% vs 0.62%), the rate of students in vocational high school and high school was higher than that in junior high school and primary school (3.82%,2.47% vs 1.70%,0.42%), the rate of over developed areas was higher than that of poor areas (1.21% vs 0.99%)( χ 2=52.19, 1 269.82, 1 361.52, 17.29, P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that at least 1 h of moderate and high intensity exercise every day on weekends, the number of physical education classes per week was more than 3 sessions, the height of desks and chairs was adjusted according to height, resting outdoors, limiting screen time, and strictly requiring standing and sitting posture were the negative correlated with scoliosis and myopia, and the OR value was 0.65-0.90, reading books or electronic screens while participating in cram classes, walking or riding in the car were positively correlated with comorbid scoliosis and myopia, and the OR values were 1.27 and 1.13 ( P < 0.05), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Behavioral habits severely affect scoliosis and myopic of students. Prevention and control of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidity should start with students behavioral habits, early screening and early intervention.