Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of C4-C5 Isoparaffins via CoxMn1-xO Nanocomposites with Suppressed CO2.

The synthesis of a specific product via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis remains challenging due to the uncontrollable coupling of CHx on active sites. Isoparaffins, essential high-quality petroleum additives for improving octane numbers, are primarily derived from petroleum or natural gas. With petroleum reserves dwindling and the associated low selectivity, the direct conversion of syngas to isoparaffins has emerged as a promising alternative. This study presents a tandem catalyst comprising CoxMn1-xO and zeolites for catalyzing the direct conversion of syngas to C4-C5 isoparaffins. The relay catalyst exhibited an impressive selectivity of 55.6% toward the desired products while maintaining a low CO2 selectivity of approximately 20%. Notably, the selectivity of isobutane reached 43.5%, exceeding predictions based on the Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution. Syngas undergoes conversion into olefins on CoxMn1-xO nanocomposites, diffuses into microporous zeolites, and interacts with Brønsted acids to produce isoparaffins. The stability of the relay catalyst relied significantly on the pore characteristics and acidic density of the zeolites.

The Discovery of Cyclic Lipopeptide Olenamidonins in a Deepsea-Derived Streptomyces Strain by Knocking Out a DtxR Family Regulator.

Three new cyclic lipopeptides, olenamidonins A-C (1-3), in addition to two previously reported metabolites (4 and 5), were accumulated in the ΔdtxRso deletion mutant of deepsea-derived Streptomyces olivaceus SCSIO 1071. The structures of these cyclic lipopeptides were determined by a combination of spectroscopic methods and circular dichroism (CD) measurement. The antibacterial assay results showed that compounds 1-5 displayed different degrees of growth inhibition against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 and Enterococcus faecium CCARM 5203 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.56-6.25 µg/mL.

The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Cognitive Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms.

Purpose: Social isolation and depression have an impact on cognitive frailty. However, the underlying mechanisms between these variables have not been well defined. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between social isolation and cognitive frailty among older adults in China. Methods: From Mar 2023 to Aug 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 496 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Demographic information was collected using the General Information Questionnaire. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item (GDS-15), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and FRAIL scale were used for the questionnaire survey. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were utilized to explore the associations among social isolation, depressive symptoms, and cognitive frailty, and Bootstrap analysis was used to explore the mediating role of depressive symptoms in social isolation and cognitive frailty. Results: Linear regression results revealed that social isolation was positively associated with depressive symptoms (ß = 0.873, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that social isolation (OR = 1.769, 95% CI = 1.018~3.075) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.227, 95% CI = 1.108~1.357) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty. Mediation analysis demonstrated that depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between social isolation and cognitive frailty, with an indirect effect of 0.027 (95% CI = 0.003~0.051), and the mediating effect accounted for 23.6% of the total effect. Conclusion: Social isolation is associated with cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults, and depressive symptoms partially mediate the effect between social isolation and cognitive frailty. Active promotion of social integration among older individuals is recommended to enhance their mental health, reduce the incidence of cognitive frailty, and foster active aging.

Comparison of supraclavicular block with infraclavicular block for distal arm surgeries: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

BACKGROUND: Supraclavicular and infraclavicular nerve block are commonly used for the analgesia of distal arm surgeries, and this meta-analysis aims to compare their analgesic efficacy for distal arm surgeries. METHODS: We searched several databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases, and selected the randomized controlled trials exploring the analgesic efficacy of supraclavicular block versus infraclavicular block for distal arm surgeries. This meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effect or fixed-effect model based on the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with infraclavicular nerve block for distal arm surgeries, supraclavicular nerve block was associated with substantially reduced complete sensory block (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19-0.88; P = .02) and block performance time (standard mean difference [SMD] = -3.06; 95% CI = -5.82--0.31; P = .03), but had no effect on duration of analgesia (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.49-0.18; P = .36), time to sensory block (SMD = -0.41; 95% CI = -2.28-1.47; P = .67), vascular puncture (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.11-10.05; P = .98) or adverse events (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.12-4.04; P = .69). CONCLUSIONS: Infraclavicular nerve block may be superior to supraclavicular nerve block for the analgesia of distal arm surgeries but needs increased block performance time.

Delivery of mRNA Encoding Interleukin-12 and a Stimulator of Interferon Genes Agonist Potentiates Antitumor Efficacy through Reversing T Cell Exhaustion.

T cell exhaustion has emerged as a major hurdle that impedes the clinical translation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists. It is crucial to explore innovative strategies to rejuvenate exhausted T cells and potentiate the antitumor efficacy. Here, we propose an approach utilizing MSA-2 as a STING agonist, along with nanoparticle-mediated delivery of mRNA encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12) to restore the function of T cells. We developed a lipid nanoparticle (DMT7-IL12 LNP) that encapsulated IL12 mRNA. Our findings convincingly demonstrated that the combination of MSA-2 and DMT7-IL12 LNP can effectively reverse the exhausted T cell phenotype, as evidenced by the enhanced secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and Granzyme B, coupled with reduced levels of inhibitory molecules such as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 and programmed cell death protein-1 on CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, this approach led to improved survival and tumor regression without causing any systemic toxicity in melanoma and lung metastasis models. These findings suggest that mRNA encoding IL-12 in conjunction with STING agonists has the potential to confer superior clinical outcomes, representing a promising advancement in cancer immunotherapy.

Construction of an Infectious DNA Clone of Grapevine Geminivirus A Isolate GN and Its Biological Activity in Plants Analyzed Using an Efficient and Simple Inoculation Method.

The pathogenicity of grapevine geminivirus A (GGVA), a recently identified DNA virus, to grapevine plants remains largely unclear. Here, we report a new GGVA isolate (named GGVAQN) obtained from grapevine 'Queen Nina' plants with severe disease symptoms. The infectious clone of GGVAQN (pXT-GGVAQN) was constructed to investigate its pathogenicity. Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with GGVAQN by agroinfiltration displayed upward leaf curling and chlorotic mottling symptoms. A simple, quick, and efficient method for delivering DNA clones of GGVAQN into grapevine plants was developed, by which Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying pXT-GGVAQN were introduced into the roots of in vitro-grown 'Red Globe' grape plantlets with a syringe. By this method, all 'Red Globe' grape plants were systemically infected with GGVAQN, and the plants exhibited chlorotic mottling symptoms on their upper leaves and downward curling, interveinal yellowing, and leaf-margin necrosis symptoms on their lower leaves. Our results provide insights into the pathogenicity of GGVA and a simple and efficient inoculation method to deliver infectious viral clones to woody perennial plants.

Self-Efficacy's Mediating Role in the Relationship Between Self-Perceived Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older-Adult Inpatients in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study investigated the current state of self-efficacy and the association between self-perceived burden (SPB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Chinese older-adult inpatients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to survey Chinese older-adult inpatients. Data regarding demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, SPB, and HRQoL were collected. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among the research variables. SPSS® Statistics V26.0, and SPSS® PROCESS Macro Model 4 were used to analyze the available data. The bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating role of self-efficacy. Results: Survey participants included 514 older-adult inpatients, with a mean age of 72.28±5.58 years. Self-efficacy (r=0.471, p<0.01) was positively correlated with HRQoL, whereas self-efficacy (r=-0.891, p<0.01) and HRQoL (r=-0.516, p<0.01) were negatively correlated with SPB. The mediating effect analysis revealed that self-efficacy either completely or partially mediated the effect of SPB on HRQoL, with the indirect effect accounting for 30.2% of the total. Conclusion: This study provides a mediating model suggesting that SPB exerts both direct and indirect effects on the HRQoL of older-adult inpatients through self-efficacy.

Latent Class Analysis of Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients and its Influencing Factors.

Background: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) frequently experience sleep disorders, which may elevate the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Yet, sleep types in MCI patients and the factors influencing them have not been sufficiently investigated. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore potential sleep typing and its influencing factors in patients with MCI using latent class analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. Cognitive function in older adults was assessed using neuropsychological tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale-Beijing version (MoCA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Latent class analysis based on PSQI scores and multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the influencing factors of sleep typing. Results: The study included a total of 611 patients with MCI. Latent class analysis identified three latent classes to categorize the sleep patterns of MCI patients: the good sleep type (56.6%), the insufficient sleep type (29.6%), and the difficulty falling asleep type (13.7%). Potential sleep typing is influenced by gender, chronic disease, physical exercise, social activity, brain exercise, smoking, frailty, subjective cognitive status, and global cognitive function. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the notable heterogeneity in the sleep patterns of patients with MCI. Future research may provide targeted prevention and interventions to address the characteristics and influencing factors of patients with different subtypes of sleep MCI.

Red cell distribution width to total serum calcium ratio and in-hospital mortality risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A MIMIC-IV retrospective analysis.

We investigated the relationship among red cell distribution width (RDW), to total serum calcium (TSC) ratio (RCR), and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study was a retrospective analysis. The data of 2700 AIS patients was retrospectively analyzed from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database (version IV). The main outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine whether RCR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves for RCR. Subgroup analyses were performed to measure the mortality across various subgroups. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated to ascertain the quality of RCR as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with AIS. In the multivariate analysis, statistically significant differences were identified in age, ethnicity, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, RDW, hemoglobin, RCR, whether taking anticoagulants, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation (P < .05). A threshold inflection point value of 1.83 was obtained through a two-piecewise regression model. There was a non-linear relationship between RCR and hospital mortality in patients with AIS. The hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) on the right and left of the inflection point were 0.93 (0.57-1.51; P = .7660) and 2.96 (1.37-6.42; P = .0060), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that survival rates were higher when RCR was ≤ 1.83 and lower when RDW was > 1.83 after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, ethnicity. The area under curve (AUC) of RCR was 0.715. A higher RCR was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AIS.

Management of PICC rupture in a multidisciplinary collaborative model: A case report.

A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is commonly used for fluid infusion in patients. However, rupture is one of the most serious complications associated with PICC placement. We investigated an 81-year-old patient who experienced a catheter break nearly 11 months after the placement of PICC, followed by a catheter break during catheter capture that was removed after accessing the superior vena cava with a catcher. This case suggests that silicone-based PICCs are fragile and have a high risk of spontaneous dislocation. Therefore, they should be replaced with polyurethane-based PICCs.

Highly active and regioselective hydroaminomethylation of olefins catalyzed by Rh/sulfoxantphos with ZSM-5.

Rh-catalyzed hydroaminomethylation has been developed with acid sulfoxantphos and ZSM-5. Linear amines were obtained in good yields (71-95%) with high l/b ratios (up to 132.4) and excellent TON values (up to 23 760). The ZSM-5 and SO3H group of ligands improved the performances of hydroformylation and reductive amination.

Antagonistic effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas combinations against Fusarium oxysporum and their effect on disease resistance and growth promotion in watermelon.

AIMS: We aimed to develop an effective bacterial combination that can combat Fusarium oxysporum infection in watermelon using in vitro and pot experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, 53 strains of Bacillus and 4 strains of Pseudomonas were screened. Pseudomonas strains P3 and P4 and Bacillus strains XY-2-3, XY-13, and GJ-1-15 exhibited good antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum. P3 and P4 were identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. XY-2-3 and GJ-1-15 were identified as B. velezensis, and XY-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The three Bacillus strains were antifungal, promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and had genes to synthesize antagonistic metabolites such as bacilysin, surfactin, yndj, fengycin, iturin, and bacillomycin D. Combinations of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains, namely, XY-2-3 + P4, GJ-1-15 + P4, XY-13 + P3, and XY-13 + P4, exhibited a good compatibility. These four combinations exhibited antagonistic effects against 11 pathogenic fungi, including various strains of F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia. Inoculation of these bacterial combinations significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoted plant growth, and improved soil nutrient availability. XY-13 + P4 was the most effective combination against Fusarium wilt in watermelon with the inhibition rate of 78.17%. The number of leaves; aboveground fresh and dry weights; chlorophyll, soil total nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus content increased by 26.8%, 72.12%, 60.47%, 16.97%, 20.16%, and 16.50%, respectively, after XY-13 + P4 inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Moreover, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of watermelon seedlings were the highest after XY-13 + P3 inoculation, exhibiting increases by 265.83%, 316.79%, and 390.99%, respectively, compared with the uninoculated control. CONCLUSIONS: XY-13 + P4 was the best bacterial combination for controlling Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoting the growth of watermelon seedlings, and improving soil nutrient availability.

The relationship between red cell distribution width, serum calcium ratio, and in-hospital mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure: A retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database.

To investigate the impact of RDW/CA (the ratio of red cell distribution width to calcium) on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 6981 ARF patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database 2.0. Critically ill participants between 2008 and 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine whether the RDW/CA ratio independently correlated with in-hospital mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves of the RDW/CA. Subgroup analyses were performed to measure the mortality across various subgroups. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found that a higher RDW/CA was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35, P = .0365) in ARF patients. A nonlinear relationship was observed between RDW/CA and in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point of 1.97. When RDW/CA ≥ 1.97 was positively correlated with in-hospital mortality in patients with ARF (HR = 1.554, 95% CI: 1.183-2.042, P = .0015). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated the higher survival rates for RDW/CA < 1.97 and the lower for RDW/CA ≥ 1.97 after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, and ethnicity. RDW/CA is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with ARF. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was observed between RDW/CA and in-hospital mortality in patients with ARF.

The Modified Neo-Bioscore System for Staging Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy Based on Prognostic Significance of HER2-Low Expression.

Background: Recently, the classification of HER2 status evolves from binary to ternary, and HER2-low expression may exhibit prognostic significance. We aimed to investigate whether HER2-low tumor is distinct from HER2-zero or HER2-positive tumors, and then to develop a modified staging system (mNeo-Bioscore) that incorporates HER2-low status into Neo-Bioscore. Patients and Methods: This cohort study was conducted using data from the prospective database on breast cancer patients between January 2014 and February 2019. Results: Among 259 patients enrolled in the study, the HER2-low tumor exhibited significantly lower histological grade, pathological staging and Ki-67 level than the other two groups. HER2-low patients and HER2-positive patients receiving concurrent HER2-directed therapy may have similar LRFS (p = 0.531) and OS (p = 0.853), while HER2-zero peers may have significantly worse LRFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.017). In particular, a similar trend was also found in the patients without pathological complete response after surgery. Incorporation of HER2-low status made improvement in fit: 5-year OS rate estimates ranged from 33.33% to 100% for mNeo-Bioscore vs 61.36% to 100% for Neo-Bioscore. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that HER2-low tumor may exhibit prognostic significance. The innovative mNeo-Bioscore, based on a new classification of HER2 status, may serve as a prognostic staging system superior to Neo-Bioscore.

Intergenerational reproduction and self-assessed mental health in adulthood in China.

Physical and mental health disparities by socioeconomic status in China are well documented but the effects of the intergenerational reproduction in socioeconomic status on adult mental health have received little attention to date. We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey to examine the significance of intergenerational socioeconomic reproduction for differences in self-assessed mental health in a national sample of Chinese adults between the ages of 23 and 65. We documented substantial elasticities between the socioeconomic status of the survey respondents and their parents: father's education, mother's education and childhood social class were all associated with both respondent education and respondent household income. We also found that associations between parental socioeconomic status and their adult children's self-assessed mental health were partly explained by the children's own socioeconomic status. However, these pathways were noticeably moderated by age cohort. Among younger people, associations between parental socioeconomic status and mental health were mostly explained by educational attainment whereas among older people associations between parental socioeconomic status and mental health were mostly explained by household income. In general, parental socioeconomic status appear to have a greater influence on the mental health of people who grew up after the Chinese economic reform of the 1970s.

Survivin as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment take on critical significance in preventing and treating bladder cancer. As indicated by numerous studies, survivin can serve as a biomarker of bladder cancer, whereas the results of a wide variety of studies have been controversial. This paper is to assess the accuracy of survivin in the diagnosis of bladder cancer by a meta-analysis. The studies regarding the diagnosis of bladder cancer using survivin were systematically retrieved from the CNKI, WanFang, CBM, VIP, Web of science, cochrane library and pubmed were extracted, and the literature quality was assessed. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 16.0 MP. 2,082 relevant studies were searched, and 40 studies were finally covered for meta-analysis. The pooled specificity and pooled sensitivity of survivin mRNA was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.91, 0.97) and 0.94 (95%CI: 0.88, 0.97). The pooled specificity and pooled sensitivity of survivin protein reached 0.95 (95%CI: 0.90, 0.97) and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78, 0.92). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, pooled negative likelihood ratio, the area under the curve, and diagnostic odds ratio for survivin mRNA reached 17.7 (95%CI: 10.3, 30.6), 0.07 (95%CI: 0.04, 0.12), 0.98 (95%CI: 0.97, 0.99) and 266 (95%CI: 114, 621), respectively. For survivin protein was 16.4 (95%CI: 7.9, 33.9), 0.14 (95%CI: 0.08, 0.24), 0.97 (95%CI: 0.95, 0.98) and 117 (95%CI: 38, 357), respectively. Survivin takes on great significance in diagnosing bladder cancer. However, due to some limitations in the number and quality of covered studies, this conclusion should be validated through additional higher quality clinical studies.

Targeted mRNA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Postischemic Stroke by Modulating Microglia Polarization.

The ischemic stroke is a major global health concern, with high mortality and disability rates. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of effective clinical interventions for managing poststroke neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption that are crucial for the brain injury evolving and neurological deficits. By leveraging the pathological progression of an ischemic stroke, we developed an M2 microglia-targeting lipid nanoparticle (termed MLNP) approach that can selectively deliver mRNA encoding phenotype-switching interleukin-10 (mIL-10) to the ischemic brain, creating a beneficial feedback loop that drives microglial polarization toward the protective M2 phenotypes and augments the homing of mIL-10-loaded MLNPs (mIL-10@MLNPs) to ischemic regions. In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model of an ischemic stroke, our findings demonstrate that intravenously injected mIL-10@MLNPs induce IL-10 production and enhance the M2 polarization of microglia. The resulting positive loop reinforces the resolution of neuroinflammation, restores the impaired BBB, and prevents neuronal apoptosis after stroke. Using a permanent distal MCAO mouse model of an ischemic stroke, the neuroprotective effects of mIL-10@MLNPs have been further validated by the attenuation of the sensorimotor and cognitive neurological deficits. Furthermore, the developed mRNA-based targeted therapy has great potential to extend the therapeutic time window at least up to 72 h poststroke. This study depicts a simple and versatile LNP platform for selective delivery of mRNA therapeutics to cerebral lesions, showcasing a promising approach for addressing an ischemic stroke and associated brain conditions.

Effects of aerobic exercise or Tai Chi Chuan interventions on problematic mobile phone use and the potential role of intestinal flora: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Problematic use of mobile phones (PMPU) has been described as a serious public health issue. METHODS: This study was a parallel three-arm randomized controlled trial and has completed registration (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05843591). Ninety college students with PMPU were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise group (AE group, n = 30), the Tai Chi Chuan group (TCC group, n = 30), or the wait-list control group (WLC group, n = 30). At the end of the intervention, stool samples from the study participants were collected for biological analysis based on 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology. The primary outcome was addiction symptoms assessed by the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The secondary outcomes are emotional symptoms, physical symptoms, and flora species. RESULTS: Compared with the WLC group, the AE and TCC groups showed reductions in PMPU levels, physical and mental fatigue, but there was no difference between the two groups. Moreover, the effect of increasing self-esteem embodied in the TCC group was not present in the AE group. Compared to the WLC group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides were lower in the AE group, while the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and Alistipes were lower in the TCC group. And the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Alistipes were significantly and negatively correlated with the decline in PMPU scores. CONCLUSION: AE or TCC is an effective, safe and efficient intervention for college students with PMPU, providing some physiological and psychological benefits and having some impact on their intestinal flora.

Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River.

The continuous increase of nitrate (NO3-) level in rivers is a hot issue in the world. However, the driving mechanism of high NO3- level in large rivers is still lacking, which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water treatment. In this study, multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River (LRYR). The major sources of NO3- were sewage and manure (SAM) in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen (SN) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in the high-flow season. Nitrification was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the LRYR. However, in the biological removal processes, denitrification may not occur significantly. The temporal variation of contributions of NO3- sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the LRYR. The proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO3- in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%, 44.2%-46.2% and 36.0%-40.8%, 54.9%-56.9%, respectively. The driving mechanisms of high NO3- level were unreasonable sewage discharge, intensity rainfall runoff, nitrification and lack of nitrate removal capacity. To control the NO3- concentration, targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment, increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological engineering. This study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.

Constructing stable V2O5/V6O13 heterostructure interface with fast Zn2+ diffusion kinetics for ultralong lifespan zinc-ion batteries.

Given their plentiful reserves, impressive safety features, and economical pricing, aqueous zinc - ion batteries (ZIBs) have positioned themselves as strong competitors to lithium - ion batteries. Yet, the scarcity of available cathode materials poses a challenge to their continued development. In this study, a V2O5/V6O13 heterostructure has been synthesized using a one - pot hydrothermal approach and employed as the cathode material for ZIBs. As evidenced by both experimental and theoretical findings, V2O5/V6O13 heterostructure delivers a rapid electrons and ions diffusion kinetics promoted by the stable interface and strong electronic coupling with significant charge transfer between V2O5 and V6O13, as well as a stable interface achieved by adjusting V - O bond length. Consequently, the optimized V2O5/V6O13 heterostructure cathode of ZIBs demonstrates exceptional capacity (338 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), remarkable cycling stability (92.96 % retained after 1400 cycles at 1 A g-1). Through comprehensive theoretical calculations and ex situ characterization, the kinetic analysis and storage mechanism of Zn2+ are thoroughly investigated, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of novel V - based cathode materials aimed at enhancing the performance of ZIBs.