Efficient magnetic capture of PE microplastic from water by PEG modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Performance, kinetics, isotherms and influence factors.

Due to their resistance to degradation, wide distribution, easy diffusion and potential uptake by organisms, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a major environmental concern. In this study, PEG-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior adsorption efficiency against polyethylene (PE) microspheres compared to other adsorbents (bare Fe3O4, PEI/Fe3O4 and CA/Fe3O4). The maximum adsorption capacity of PE was found to be 2203 mg/g by adsorption isotherm analysis. PEG/Fe3O4 maintained a high adsorption capacity even at low temperature (5°C, 2163 mg/g), while neutral pH was favorable for MP adsorption. The presence of anions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-) and of humic acids inhibited the adsorption of MPs. It is proposed that the adsorption process was mainly driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Overall, the study demonstrated that PEG/Fe3O4 can potentially be used as an efficient control against MPs, thus improving the quality of the aquatic environment and of our water resources.

Frontier role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease.

Kidney diseases represent a diverse range of conditions that compromise renal function and structure which characterized by a progressive deterioration of kidney function, may ultimately necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation as end-stage treatment options. This review explores the complex landscape of kidney diseases, highlighting the limitations of existing treatments and the pressing need for innovative strategies. The paper delves into the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the context of kidney pathophysiology. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), in particular, offer a non-invasive means of assessing renal injury and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are examined for their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities, presenting a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions. And discusses the potential of engineering EVs to enhance their targeting and therapeutic efficacy. This paper systematically integrates the latest research findings and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of EVs in kidney disease, providing cutting-edge insights into their potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

Integrating Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data to Identify Prognostic Features Related to Activated Dendritic Cells in Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as key regulators in tumor immunity, with activated DCs potentiating antitumor responses through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Most current studies focus on the relationship between DC subgroups and clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but there is limited research on the connection between DCs and ccRCC from the perspective of immune activation. In this study, activated DC genes were identified in both bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data. A prognostic model related to activated DCs was constructed using univariate, multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression. The prognostic model was validated in three external validation sets: GSE167573, ICGC, and E-MTAB-1980. The prognostic model consists of five genes, PLCB2, XCR1, IFNG, HLA-DQB2, and SMIM24. The expression of these genes was validated in tissue samples using qRT-PCR. Stratified analysis revealed that the prognostic model was able to better predict outcomes in advanced ccRCC patients. The risk scores were associated with tumor progression, tumor mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and adverse outcomes of immunotherapy. Notably, there was a strong correlation between the expression of the five genes and the sensitivity to JQ1, a BET inhibitor. Molecular docking indicated high-affinity binding of the proteins encoded by these genes with JQ1. In conclusion, our study reveals the crucial role of activated DCs in ccRCC, offering new insights into predicting immune response, targeted therapy effectiveness, and prognosis for ccRCC patients.

Molecular Profiling Defines Three Subtypes of Synovial Sarcoma.

Synovial Sarcomas (SS) are characterized by the presence of the SS18::SSX fusion gene, which protein product induce chromatin changes through remodeling of the BAF complex. To elucidate the genomic events that drive phenotypic diversity in SS, we performed RNA and targeted DNA sequencing on 91 tumors from 55 patients. Our results were verified by proteomic analysis, public gene expression cohorts and single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptome profiling identified three distinct SS subtypes resembling the known histological subtypes: SS subtype I and was characterized by hyperproliferation, evasion of immune detection and a poor prognosis. SS subtype II and was dominated by a vascular-stromal component and had a significantly better outcome. SS Subtype III was characterized by biphasic differentiation, increased genomic complexity and immune suppression mediated by checkpoint inhibition, and poor prognosis despite good responses to neoadjuvant therapy. Chromosomal abnormalities were an independent significant risk factor for metastasis. KRT8 was identified as a key component for epithelial differentiation in biphasic tumors, potentially controlled by OVOL1 regulation. Our findings explain the histological grounds for SS classification and indicate that a significantly larger proportion of patients have high risk tumors (corresponding to SS subtype I) than previously believed.

Serum tsncRNAs reveals novel potential therapeutic targets of Salvianolic Acid B on atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Salvianolic Acid B (SalB) has been proven to delay the progression of atherosclerosis. The therapeutic mechanisms of this compound are unclear. A novel class of short non-coding RNAs, pre-transfer RNA and mature transfer RNA (tsncRNAs) may regulate gene expression. TsncRNAs-sequencing revealed novel therapeutic targets for SalB. This is the first study focusing on tsncRNAs to treat atherosclerosis using SalB. PURPOSE: To explore the potential mechanism of SalB treating atherosclerosis through tsncRNAs. METHODS: Five groups of mice were created at random: control group (CON), atherosclerosis model group (MOD), SalB with high dose-treated group (SABH), SalB with low dose-treated group (SABL), and Simvastatin-treated group (ST). Aortic sinus plaque, body weight and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The Illumina NextSeq equipment was used to do expression profiling of tsncRNAs from serum. The targets of tsncRNAs were then predicted using tRNAscan and TargetScan. The KEGG pathway and GO analysis were utilized to forecast the bioinformatics analysis. Potential tsncRNAs and associated mRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: tRF-Glu-CTC-014 and tRF-Gly-GCC-074 were markedly increased by SalB with high dose treatment and validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Two mRNAs SRF and Arrb related to tRF-Glu-CTC-014 changed consistently. GO analysis revealed that the altered target genes of the selected tsncRNAs were most enriched in protein binding and cellular process. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that altered target genes of tsncRNAs were most enriched in MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: SalB can promote the expression of tRF-Glu-CTC-014 to treat atherosclerosis.

Cryo-EM structures of a mycobacterial ABC transporter that mediates rifampicin resistance.

Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. Resistance to rifampicin, the most effective drug for TB treatment, is a major growing concern. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has a cluster of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters which are responsible for drug resistance through active export. Here, we describe studies characterizing Mtb Rv1217c-1218c as an ABC transporter that can mediate mycobacterial resistance to rifampicin and have determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Rv1217c-1218c. The structures show Rv1217c-1218c has a type V exporter fold. In the absence of ATP, Rv1217c-1218c forms a periplasmic gate by two juxtaposed-membrane helices from each transmembrane domain (TMD), while the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) form a partially closed dimer which is held together by four salt-bridges. Adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) binding induces a structural change where the NBDs become further closed to each other, which downstream translates to a closed conformation for the TMDs. AMPPNP binding results in the collapse of the outer leaflet cavity and the opening of the periplasmic gate, which was proposed to play a role in substrate export. The rifampicin-bound structure shows a hydrophobic and periplasm-facing cavity is involved in rifampicin binding. Phospholipid molecules are observed in all determined structures and form an integral part of the Rv1217c-1218c transporter system. Our results provide a structural basis for a mycobacterial ABC exporter that mediates rifampicin resistance, which can lead to different insights into combating rifampicin resistance.

Empowering probiotics with high xanthine transport for effective hyperuricemia management.

Hyperuricemia, a prevalent metabolic disorder, poses a susceptibility to various complications. The conventional pharmacotherapeutic approaches for hyperuricemia often entail notable adverse effects, posing substantial clinical challenges. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of novel, safe and effective strategies for preventing and treating hyperuricemia. Here, we developed a probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain, designated as YES301, which contains a rationally designed xanthine importer XanQ, enabling efficient uptake of xanthine and hypoxanthine, consequently leading to reduced serum uric acid concentrations and amelioration of renal impairments in a murine model of hyperuricemia. Importantly, YES301 exhibited a therapeutic efficacy comparable to allopurinol, a conventional uric acid-lowering agent, and manifesting fewer adverse effects and enhanced biosafety. These findings highlight the promising potential of engineered probiotics in the management of hyperuricemia through reducing intestinal purine levels.

M2DC: A Meta-Learning Framework for Generalizable Diagnostic Classification of Major Depressive Disorder.

Psychiatric diseases are bringing heavy burdens for both individual health and social stability. The accurate and timely diagnosis of the diseases is essential for effective treatment and intervention. Thanks to the rapid development of brain imaging technology and machine learning algorithms, diagnostic classification of psychiatric diseases can be achieved based on brain images. However, due to divergences in scanning machines or parameters, the generalization capability of diagnostic classification models has always been an issue. We propose Meta-learning with Meta batch normalization and Distance Constraint (M2DC) for training diagnostic classification models. The framework can simulate the train-test domain shift situation and promote intra-class cohesion, as well as inter-class separation, which can lead to clearer classification margins and more generalizable models. To better encode dynamic brain graphs, we propose a concatenated spatiotemporal attention graph isomorphism network (CSTAGIN) as the backbone. The network is trained for the diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder (MDD) based on multi-site brain graphs. Extensive experiments on brain images from over 3261 subjects show that models trained by M2DC achieve the best performance on cross-site diagnostic classification tasks compared to various contemporary domain generalization methods and SOTA studies. The proposed M2DC is by far the first framework for multi-source closed-set domain generalizable training of diagnostic classification models for MDD and the trained models can be applied to reliable auxiliary diagnosis on novel data.

Evaluation of droplet deposition parameters based on the Genetic-Otsu algorithm.

Pesticide spraying is a cost-effective way to control crop pests and diseases. The effectiveness of this method relies on the deposition and distribution of the spray droplets within the targeted application area. There is a critical need for an accurate and stable detection algorithm to evaluate the liquid droplet deposition parameters on the water-sensitive paper (WSP) and reduce the impact of image noise. This study acquired 90 WSP samples with diverse coverage through field spraying experiments. The droplets on the WSP were subsequently isolated, and the coverage and density were computed, employing the fixed threshold method, the Otsu threshold method, and our Genetic-Otsu threshold method. Based on the benchmark of manually measured data, an error analysis was conducted on the accuracy of three methods, and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The relative error results indicate that the Genetic-Otsu method proposed in this research demonstrates superior performance in detecting droplet coverage and density. The relative errors of droplet density in the sparse, medium, and dense droplet groups are 2.7%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, respectively. The relative errors of droplet coverage are 1.5%, 0.88%, and 1.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the Genetic-Otsu algorithm outperforms the other two algorithms. The proposed algorithm effectively identifies small-sized droplets and accurately distinguishes the multiple independent contours of adjacent droplets even in dense droplet groups, demonstrating excellent performance. Overall, the Genetic-Otsu algorithm offered a reliable solution for detecting droplet deposition parameters on WSP, providing an efficient tool for evaluating droplet deposition parameters in UAV pesticide spraying applications.

Biomechanical optimization of the magnesium alloy bionic cannulated screw for stabilizing femoral neck fractures: a finite element analysis.

Purposes: The magnesium alloy bionic cannulated screw (MABCS) was designed in a previous study promoting cortical-cancellous biphasic healing of femoral neck fractures. The main purpose was to analyze the bore diameters that satisfy the torsion standards and further analyze the optimal pore and implantation direction for stabilizing femoral neck fractures. Methods: The MABCS design with bionic holes with a screw diameter of less than 20% met the torsion standard for metal screws. The MABCS was utilized to repair the femoral neck fracture via Abaqus 6.14 software, which simulated the various stages of fracture healing to identify the optimal biomechanical environment for bionic hole size (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and implantation direction (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°). Results: The stress distribution of the MABCS fracture fixation model is significantly improved with an implantation orientation of 90°. The MABCS with a bionic hole and a screw diameter of 10% provides optimal stress distribution compared with the bionic cannulated screw with diameters of 5%, 15%, and 20%. In addition, the cannulated screw fixation model with a 10% bionic hole size has optimal bone stress distribution and better internal fixation than the MABCS fixation models with 5%, 15%, and 20% screw diameters. Conclusion: In summary, the MABCS with 10% screw diameter bionic holes has favorable biomechanical characteristics for stabilizing femoral neck fractures. This study provides a biomechanical foundation for further optimization of the bionic cannulated screw.

Association between baseline lipid profile and risk of worsening in patients with myasthenia gravis: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Dyslipidemia has been implicated in autoimmunity; however, its association with myasthenia gravis (MG) prognosis is unclear. We aimed to investigate the correlation between baseline lipid profiles and risk of MG worsening. Methods: This 7-year retrospective cohort study conducted at a Chinese hospital included 264 adult patients with MG. Data on baseline lipids, 1-year worsening, and covariates, including demographics, MG characteristics, comorbidities, and treatments were extracted. Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses failed to show a significant association between the risk of 1-year MG worsening and any of the seven blood lipid-related indicators. However, the subsequent non-linear analysis revealed an inflection point in the risk curve of ln[lipoprotein(a)], at 4.06 (58 nmol/L). The lipoprotein(a) levels on the left side of the inflection point presented a positive significant correlation with the risk of MG worsening (relative risk [RR]: 6.06, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-38.57), whereas those on the right side of the inflection point demonstrated no significant correlation (RR: 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.55-1.34). Conclusions: Except for lipoprotein(a) levels being associated with worsening of myasthenia gravis, most lipid parameters were not associated with changes in the clinical course and severity of myasthenia gravis.we observed that lower levels of lipoprotein(a) were associated with a better prognosis in the interval 7-58 nml/L, whereas beyond this interval this was not observed, suggesting dyslipidemia may impact MG prognosis. Further studies are required to validate these findings.

Ultralow-resistance and self-sterilization biodegradable nanofibrous membranes for efficient PM0.3 removal and machine learning-assisted health management.

The development of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) that enable anti-viral protection during air purification and respiratory disease diagnosis for health management is of increasing importance. Herein, we unraveled a heterostructure-enhanced electro-induced stereocomplexation (HEIS) strategy to fabrication of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) NFMs enabling a combination of efficient PM removal, respiratory monitoring and self-sterilization. The strategy involved an electro-induced stereocomplexation (EIS) approach to trigger the generation of hydrogen bonds between enantiomeric poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) chains, promoting CO dipole alignment and molecular polarization during electrospinning. This was further enhanced by incorporation of Ag-doped TiO2 (Ag-TIO) nanodielectrics to promote the electroactivity and surface activity, conferring profound refinement of PLA nanofibers (from 460 nm to an ultralow level of 168 nm) and high porosities of over 91 %. Arising from the sustainable generation of plentiful charges based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) mechanisms, the electroactive PLA NFMs exhibited remarkable triboelectric properties even in high-humidity environments (80 %RH), excellent PM0.3 filtration efficiency with an ultralow pressure drop (93.1 %, 31.8 Pa, 32 L/min), and 100 % antimicrobial efficiency against both E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, a deep-learning algorithm based on convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed to recognize various respiratory patterns. The proposed strategy confers the biodegradable NFMs an unusual combination of ultralow-resistance air purification and machine learning-assisted health management, signifying promising prospects in environmental protection and personal healthcare.

Hierarchically Nano-Decorated Poly(lactic acid) Nanofibers for Humidity-Resistant Respiratory Healthcare and High-Accuracy Disease Diagnosis.

The application of biodegradable and eco-friendly poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) toward respiratory healthcare has long been thwarted by the poor electroactivity and low surface activity of PLA. Herein, we unravel a microwave-assisted route to fabricate rod-like ZnO nanodielectrics, which were decorated with dopamine (ZnO@PDA) and anchored at the PLA nanofibers via an electrospinning-electrospray approach. The PLA/ZnO@PDA NFMs featured a substantially elevated specific surface area (up to 20.7 m2/g), increased dielectric constant (nearly 1.8) and a surface potential as high as 9.5 kV, resulting in superior air filtering performance (99.45% for PM0.3, 94.1 Pa, 32 L/min) compared with the pure PLA counterpart (90.04%, 169.0 Pa, 32 L/min). The notably increased electroactivity endowed the PLA/ZnO@PDA NFMs with significant improvements in triboelectric properties (output voltage of 11.5 V at 10 N, 0.5 Hz), laying down the cornerstone for self-powered monitoring of personal respiration. More importantly, a deep learning-assisted diagnostic system was developed based on respiration-driven signal patterns, enabling intelligent and real-time disease diagnosis with 100% accuracy for the protective membranes. The proposed hierarchical nanodecoration strategy opens up new possibilities for engendering eco-friendly nanofibers with an exceptional combination of efficient respiratory healthcare and intelligent diagnosis.

Acupuncture and moxibustion intervention in functional dyspepsia: Gastric and duodenal regulation.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a brain-gut interaction disorder located in the stomach and duodenum, which has complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and there is no effective treatment for FD. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been proven to have definite and significant efficacy on FD. Focusing on the affected area and combined with the potential pathophysiology of FD, here we discuss the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD to guide future clinical and experimental research. We argue that the pathological causes of FD can be roughly divided into gastrointestinal dysfunction, duodenal low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, and duodenal intestinal barrier and microbial imbalance. Correspondingly, the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD are elucidated from the perspective of how they improve gastric accommodation, regulate gastrointestinal motility, reduce gastric visceral sensitivity, regulate eosinophil-mast cell axis, inhibit low-grade inflammatory responses, and possibly regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis and duodenal barrier function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although some evidence is still lacking, acupuncture remains a promising treatment for FD. In the future, it is necessary to conduct additional clinical and experimental research on acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD to further explore their effects and mechanisms.

Non-canonical RNA-binding protein ANXA11 regulates microRNA resorting into small extracellular vesicles to mediate cisplatin resistance.

The sensitivity of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to chemotherapy shows large heterogeneity. The role of miRNA in small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in chemotherapy resistance is under investigation. However, the regulation and sorting mechanism of sEV miRNAs remains unclear. In this study, small RNA sequencing was used to explore miRNA expression profiles in sEV of LSCC after cisplatin stimulation; RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, and EMSA were used to clarify the binding of candidate RNA-binding protein (RBP) and candidate miRNA. Immunostaining and microRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to identify how candidate RBP affects miRNA stability and nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the biological functions and response to cisplatin of candidate RBP. We found that cisplatin stimulation induced increased expression of miR-148a-3p and sEV sorting. ANXA11 binds to miR-148a-3p in a sequence-specific manner. ANXA11 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance by binding to and retaining miR-148a-3p. Cisplatin stimulation reduced ANXA11 expression and promoted miR-148a-3p efflux through sEV pathways. ANXA11 overexpression reduced in vivo tumor proliferation and cisplatin-resistance. Taken together, ANXA11 mediates cisplatin resistance through sEV miRNA resorting. Mechanically, ANXA11 binds to miR-148a-3p in a sequence-specific manner to regulate its resorting and thus influences tumor proliferation and chemoresistance.

Complete genome sequence of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces sp. HBERC⁃20821, isolated from Wawushan Hill, Sichuan Province, China.

The complete genome of a Streptomyces capable of producing multiple antibiotics was sequenced. Strain HBERC-20821 was isolated from a soil sample collected at Wawushan Hill, Sichuan Province, China. Genomic information will facilitate our systematic genetic manipulation of the strain at the gene level, enhancing its antibiotic production.

Polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate-based conductive hydrogels with in situ formed bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks towards soft electronics.

Bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (BZIFs) have received enormous attention due to their unique physi-chemical properties, but are rarely reported for electrically conductive hydrogel (ECH) applications arising from low intrinsic conductivity and poor dispersion. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy to prepare highly conductive and mechanically robust ECHs by in situ growing Ni/Co-BZIFs within the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate dual network (PZPS). 2-methylimidazole (MeIM) ligands copolymerize with pyrrole monomers, enhancing the electrical conductivity; meanwhile, MeIM ligands act as anchor points for in-situ formation of BZIFs, effectively avoiding phase-to-phase interfacial resistance and ensuring a uniform distribution in the hydrogel network. Due to the synergism of Ni/Co-BZIFs, the PZPS hydrogel exhibits a high areal capacitance of 630.3 mF·cm-2 at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm-2, promising for flexible energy storage devices. In addition, PZPS shows excellent mechanical strength and toughness (with an ultimate tensile strength of 405.0 kPa and a toughness of 784.2 kJ·m-3 at an elongation at break of 474.0 %), a high gauge factor of up to 4.18 over an extremely wide stress range of 0-42 kPa when used as flexible wearable strain/pressure sensors. This study provides new insights to incorporating highly conductive and uniformly dispersed ZIFs into hydrogels for flexible wearable electronics.

Bilateral Symmetrical Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Separate Canals: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: The permanent canine usually has a single root and a single root canal. A one-rooted canine with two canals or a canine with two roots and two separate canals may also occur at a lower incidence in the permanent dentition. However, bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals are less common. CASE PRESENTATION: This study reported a lower incidence case of bilateral symmetrical mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals, which was found based on a CBCT examinaton. The patient visited our department and was consulted for orthodontic treatment due to the irregularity of her lower anterior teeth. As the abnormal root morphology of bilateral mandibular canines greatly increased the difficulty of orthodontic treatment, the patient finally gave up orthodontic treatment after communication. CONCLUSION: This case report provides supplementary data to better understand the complexities of the root canal system of canines.

A water-resistant egg white/chitosan/pectin blending film with spherical-linear molecular interpenetrating network strengthened by multifunctional tannin-nisin nanoparticles.

Edible films are effective alternatives to plastic packaging, however, the hydrophilicity of edible films based on protein and polysaccharide limits the application. Therefore, we fabricated a water-stable hybrid film with a linear-spherical interpenetrating molecular topology network using egg white (EW), chitosan (CS), and pectin. Meanwhile, the nisin-tannin acid self-assembly complex nanoparticles were employed as a multifunctional cross-linker, antibacterial and antioxidant agent to improve the performance of films. The FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed that the conformation and crystalline structure rearrangement of chitosan induced by the alkaline environment provided by egg white enhanced the network structure of films, effectively avoided the addition of modifying reagents. The proposed hybrid films exhibited excellent properties, with EW/TNPCS3 showing the best overall performance. The water contact angle (WCA) increased to 105.27 ± 1.62°, and its dissolution and swelling rates were significantly lower than pure egg white and pure chitosan films. Moreover, tannin-nisin (TN) nanoparticles endowed the films with excellent antimicrobial activity against the common Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Thus, the prepared blending films have great application potential in food preservation, especially to maintain stable performance in high humidity environment.

Causal effects of noise and air pollution on multiple diseases highlight the dual role of inflammatory factors in ambient exposures.

BACKGROUND: Noise and air pollution are significant environmental threats with proven adverse health effects. However, the causality between these ambient exposures and disease is still largely unknown. This study aims to provide genetic evidence for this gap and investigates the dual role of inflammatory factors, emphasizing the need for integrated public health strategies. METHODS: We included noise and air pollution as exposures, 91 inflammatory factors as mediators, and 26 diseases as outcomes. We explored causal relationships using Mendelian randomization. To ensure the reliability, we screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with exposure as instrumental variables (IVs), and assessed the pleiotropy and heterogeneity of these IVs. RESULTS: Our results suggest that "Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise" increases the risk of hypertension, bronchitis, and menopause; loud music exposure frequency increases the risk of bronchitis; noisy workplace raises the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, narcolepsy, and irritable bowel syndrome; NO2 increases the risk of myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure; NOx increases the risk of pneumonia and inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs; and PM10 increases the risk of myocardial infarction, narcolepsy, and type 2 diabetes; PM2.5-10 increases the risk of developing pneumonia and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we found that nine inflammatory factors play a mediating role, of which four play a mediating role in increasing the risk of morbidity and eight play a mediating role in protection against ambient exposures. Finally, we selected SNPs significantly associated with exposure and outcome for enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first genetic evidence linking noise and air pollution to various diseases, highlighting the dual mediating role of inflammatory factors. Our findings align with the "One Health" framework, emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental and human health. Integrated public health strategies considering these complex biological responses are essential for promoting overall well-being.