The clinical efficacy of combined ESA and Roxadustat treatment for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case series.

RATIONALE: Pharmacological mechanism of Roxadustat in the treatment of renal anemia. PATIENT CONCERNS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined Roxadustat and erythropoiesis stimulator (ESA) treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. DIAGNOSES: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with ESAs alone, who were admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to December 2022. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were treated with Roxadustat combined with ESAs for 3 months, during which oral iron supplementation was given, and the changes in Hb levels and laboratory-related indicators before and after the combined treatment were analyzed. OUTCOMES: The results showed that a total of 13 patients received combination therapy, with a significant increase in Hb compared to ESAs alone (t = -3.955, P = .002). The Hb qualification rate was 38.46%, and the ∆Hb response rate was 76.92%. The parathyroid hormone significantly decreased with a statistically significant difference (Z = -2.062b, P = .039). Hemoglobin (RBC), total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin (male) were significantly increased compared to ESAs alone. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than ESAs alone. The differences in the changes in the above indicators were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in other laboratory-related indicators (P > .05). No adverse reactions were observed during the combined treatment of 13 patients. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS: The combination of Roxadustat and ESAs can effectively improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as improve indicators of hyperparathyroidism and blood lipid levels with high levels of safety. This combined treatment thus provides a new and safe treatment method for these patients.

Far-infrared radiation and its therapeutic parameters: A superior alternative for future regenerative medicine?

In future regenerative medicine, far-infrared radiation (FIR) may be an essential component of optical therapy. Many studies have confirmed or validated the efficacy and safety of FIR in various diseases, benefiting from new insights into FIR mechanisms and the excellent performance of many applications. However, the lack of consensus on the biological effects and therapeutic parameters of FIR limits its practical applications in the clinic. In this review, the definition, characteristics, and underlying principles of the FIR are systematically illustrated. We outline the therapeutic parameters of FIR, including the wavelength range, power density, irradiation time, and distance. In addition, the biological effects, potential molecular mechanisms, and preclinical and clinical applications of FIR are discussed. Furthermore, the future development and applications of FIR are described in this review. By applying optimal therapeutic parameters, FIR can influence various cells, animal models, and patients, eliciting diverse underlying mechanisms and offering therapeutic potential for many diseases. FIR could represent a superior alternative with broad prospects for application in future regenerative medicine.

Effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations in women during induction of general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND: The authors aim to investigate the effect of music on hemodynamic fluctuations during induction of general anesthesia and reducing preoperative anxiety for women who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery. METHODS: It is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either a Music Intervention group (MI) or a Control group (Control). The MI participants listened to their preferred music for more than 30 minutes in the waiting area. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure anxiety levels in the groups, and hemodynamic parameters (Heart Rate [HR], Mean Arterial Pressure [MAP]) were continuously recorded before induction (T0), at loss of consciousness (T1), immediately before intubation (T2), and after intubation (T3). Intubation-related adverse events were also recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of MAP changes more than 20 % above baseline during T0-T2. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients were included in the final analyses. The incidence of MAP instability during T0-T2 was lower in the MI, and the 95 % Confidence Interval for the rate difference demonstrated the superiority of MI. HR instability was less frequent in MI participants both in T0-T2 and T2-T3. The overall incidence of preoperative anxiety was 53.7 % (88/164). After the music intervention, the mean score of STAI was significantly lower in the MI than in the Control, with a between-group difference of 8.01. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative music intervention effectively prevented hemodynamic instability during anesthesia induction and significantly reduced preoperative anxiety in women undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

Cinnamaldehyde protects SH-SY5Y cells against advanced glycation end-products induced ectopic cell cycle re-entry.

Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the brain contributes significantly to cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes by disrupting the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, thereby triggering ectopic cell cycle re-entry (CCR) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis. Cinnamaldehyde (CINA), a potential mitigator of cognitive impairment due to its blood glucose-lowering properties, warrants exploration for its role in counteracting diabetes-related neurological damage. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of CINA on AGE-damaged SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated in vitro. We investigated the impact of CINA on AGE-induced neuronal CCR and apoptosis, finding that it substantially suppressed aberrant DNA replication, precluded cells from entering the mitotic preparatory phase, and diminished apoptosis. Additionally, CINA inhibited the expression of eIF4E without altering S6K1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CINA safeguards neuronal cells from AGE-related damage by preventing abnormal CCR, preserving the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, and reducing AGE-induced apoptosis, potentially through the inhibition of eIF4E-controlled cell proliferation. Our results highlight the prospective utility of CINA in managing diabetic neuropathy.

The biological function of demethylase ALKBH1 and its role in human diseases.

AlkB homolog 1 (ALKBH1) is a member of the AlkB family of dioxygenases that are dependent on Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate. Mounting evidence demonstrates that ALKBH1 exhibits enzymatic activity against various substrates, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N3-methylcytidine (m3C), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N6-methyladenine (N6-mA, 6mA), and H2A, indicating its dual roles in different biological processes and involvement in human diseases. Up to the present, there is ongoing debate regarding ALKBH1's enzymatic activity. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of recent research on ALKBH1, including its substrate diversity and pathological roles in a wide range of human disorders, the underlying mechanisms of its functions, and its dysregulation. We also explored the potential of ALKBH1 as a prognostic target.

Identification of BAF60b as a chromatin remodeling checkpoint of diet-induced fatty liver disease.

Overnutrition has gradually become the primary causative factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, how nutritional signals are integrated to orchestrate the transcriptional programs important for NAFLD progression remains poorly understood. Here, we identified hepatic BAF60b as a lipid-sensitive subunit of the switch/sucrose-nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex and is negatively associated with liver steatosis in mice and humans. Hepatic BAF60b deficiency promotes high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver steatosis in mice, while transgenic expression of BAF60b in the liver attenuates HFD-induced obesity and NAFLD, both accompanied by a marked regulation of PPARγ expression. Mechanistically, through motif analysis of liver ATAC-Seq and multiple validation experiments, we identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ß (C/EBPß) as the transcription factor that interacts with BAF60b to suppress PPARγ gene expression, thereby controlling hepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD progression. This work uncovers hepatic BAF60b as a negative regulator of liver steatosis through C/EBPß dependent chromatin remodeling.

Biphasic co-detection of melanoma aneuploid tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells in guidance of specifying the field cancerized surgical excision margin and administering immunotherapy.

An optimum safety excision margin (EM) delineated by precise demarcation of field cancerization along with reliable biomarkers that enable predicting and timely evaluating patients' response to immunotherapy significantly impact effective management of melanoma. In this study, optimized biphasic "immunofluorescence staining integrated with fluorescence insitu hybridization" (iFISH) was conducted along the diagnosis-metastasis-treatment-cellular MRD axis to longitudinally co-detect a full spectrum of intact CD31- aneuploid tumor cells (TCs), CD31+ aneuploid tumor endothelial cells (TECs), viable and necrotic circulating TCs (CTCs) and circulating TECs (CTECs) expressing PD-L1, Ki67, p16 and Vimentin in unsliced specimens of the resected primary tumor, EM, dissected sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and peripheral blood in an early-stage melanoma patient. Numerous PD-L1+ aneuploid TCs and TECs were detected at the conventional safety EM (2 cm), quantitatively indicating the existence of a field cancerized EM for the first time. Contrary to highly heterogeneous PD-L1 expression and degrees of Chr8 aneuploidy in TCs and TECs in the primary lesions as well as CTCs and CTECs in peripheral blood, almost all TCs and TECs in SLNs and EM were homogeneously PD-L1+ haploid cells. Dynamic monitoring and cellular MRD assessment revealed that, in contrast to PD-L1+ CTCs being responsive to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI-anti-PD-1), multiploid (≥pentasomy 8) PD-L1+ and Ki67+ CTECs were respectively resistant to ICI-sensitized T cells. In therapeutically stressed lymphatic and hematogenous metastatic cascades, stratified phenotypic and karyotypic profiling of iFISH tissue and liquid biopsied TCs, TECs, CTCs and CTECs in future large-cohort studies will enable appropriate re-specification of the optimal safety EM and distribution mapping of in-depth characterized, subcategorized target cells to help illustrate their metastatic relevance, ultimately improving risk stratification and clinical intervention of tumor progression, metastases, therapy resistance and cancer relapse.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Continuous Heparin Infusion to Prevent Asymptomatic Catheter-related Thrombosis at Discharge in Infants After Cardiac Surgery: The CHIP-CRT Trial.

OBJECTIVES: There are conflicting results in preventing catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). Continuing infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) was a potential option for CRT. This study was to determine the effect of continuous UFH infusion on asymptomatic CRT at discharge in infants after cardiac surgery. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial at a single center. All infants with central venous catheters after cardiac surgery, below 3 months of age, were eligible. Stratified by CRT, infants were randomly assigned to the UFH group or the normal saline group. UFH was initiated at a speed of 10 to 15 units/kg/h for infants with CRT and 2 to 3 units/kg/h without CRT. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of CRT at discharge. The secondary outcomes included thrombosis 6 months after surgery, adverse events of UFH, and post-thrombotic symptoms. RESULTS: Due to slow recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic, this trial was prematurely stopped. Only 35 infants were randomly assigned to the UFH or control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in CRT rate at discharge ( P =0.429) and 6 months after surgery ( P =1.000) between groups. All CRTs except one disappeared at discharge. No thrombosis or post-thrombotic symptom was reported at follow-up evaluation. There was no difference between groups in duration of thrombus ( P =0.088), D dimer ( P =0.412), catheter in situ days ( P =0.281), and post-thrombotic syndrome ( P =1.000), except for activated partial thromboplastin time ( P =0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With the early stop of this trial and limited data, it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy of UFH on CRT. Meanwhile, considering the data from 6 months follow-up, in this population, asymptomatic CRT might resolve with no intervention.

Taxonomic study on the genus Mongoloniscus Verhoeff, 1930 (Isopoda, Agnaridae) from China: morphological and phylogenetic analyses.

A combination of morphological traits and DNA data (COI and 28S rRNA partial sequences) was used to study the genus Mongoloniscus Verhoeff, 1930 from China. Four new species are described: M.crenatus Jiang, Li & Huang, sp. nov., M.orientalis Jiang, Li & Huang, sp. nov., M.polyacanthum Jiang, Li & Huang, sp. nov., and M.parvus Jiang, Li & Huang, sp. nov. Following an in-depth examination of the Mongoloniscus species, Lucasioidesvannamei (Arcangeli, 1927), comb. nov. (from Mongoloniscus) is proposed, and M.chevronus Yang & An, 2021, syn. nov. is synonymized with Koreoniscusracovitzai (Arcangeli, 1927). A restrictive criterion for recognizing the genus Mongoloniscus is also provided in the present study.

Effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses and capsular tension rings implantation for cataract patients with axial high myopia.

AIM: To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia. METHODS: A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Totally 98 eyes (74 patients) who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery: 46 eyes (33 patients) with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths (AL) group (260.05). The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function (MTF) average height were similar between the two groups. The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group (P<0.05). The total satisfaction score in the long AL group (91.32±2.76) was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group (90.36±3.47), but there was no difference (P=0.136). A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and dysfunctional lens index (r=-0.382, P=0.009), and between CDVA and the total MTF average height (r=-0.374, P=0.01). But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score (r=0.059, P=0.696). Postoperative complications mainly presented as posterior capsular opacity (PCO), retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema. There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease (6.5% vs 3.8%, P=0.663) or PCO (17.4% vs 7.7%, P=0.217) between the two groups at two years. CONCLUSION: The utilization of trifocal IOL and capsular tension ring implantation is beneficial for cataract patients with axial high myopia undergoing FLACS. This approach not only ensures excellent subjective feelings and objective visual quality, but also does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications.

Mitochondria-localizing triphenylphosphine-8-hydroxyquinoline Ru complexes induce ferroptosis and their antitumor evaluation.

Ruthenium complexes are one of the most promising anticancer drugs and ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death, the study on the effect of Ru complexes on ferroptosis is helpful to find more effective antitumor drugs. Here, the synthesis and characterization of two Ru complexes containing 8-hydroxylquinoline and triphenylphosphine as ligands, [Ru(L1) (PPh3)2Cl2] (Ru-1), [Ru(L2) (PPh3)2Cl2] (Ru-2), were reported. Complexes Ru-1 âˆ¼ Ru-2 showed good anticancer activity in Hep-G2 cells. Researches indicated that complexes Ru-1 âˆ¼ Ru-2 could be enriched and appear as red fluorescence in the mitochondria, arouse dysfunction of mitochondria, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), while the morphology of nuclei and cell apoptosis had no significant change. Further experiments proved that GPX4 and Ferritin were down-regulated, which eventually triggered ferroptosis in Hep-G2 cells. Remarkably, Ru-1 showed high inhibitory activity against xenograft tumor growth in vivo (TGIR = 49%). This study shows that the complex Ru-1 could act as a novel drug candidate by triggering cell ferroptosis.

A review of the Augustine blood group system.

Augustine is a newly identified blood group system comprising four antigens, one of which is the high-frequency antigen Ata in the original "series". Four antigens are located on a multipass membrane glycoprotein equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter is encoded by SLC29A1. In 2016, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognised Augustine as a blood group system and numbered it as 036. The glycoprotein ENT1 transports nucleotides into cells to participate in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and this is an important link for chemotherapeutic glycosides to enter tumour cells. Augustine antibodies are clinically relevant in blood transfusion and pregnancy.

Development of an 18F-labeled azobenzothiazole tracer for α-synuclein aggregates in the brain.

Nuclear imaging of aggregated α-synuclein pathology is an urgent clinical need for Parkinson's disease, yet promising tracers for brain α-synuclein aggregates are still rare. In this work, a class of compact benzothiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for α-synuclein aggregates. Among them, azobenzothiazoles exhibited specific and selective detection of α-synuclein aggregates under physiological conditions. Fluoro-pegylated azobenzothiazole NN-F further demonstrated high-affinity binding to α-synuclein aggregates and efficient 18F-radiolabeling via nucleophilic displacement of a tosyl precursor. [18F]NN-F was stable in plasma in vitro and showed efficient brain uptake with little defluorination in vivo.

Structural identification and anti-neuroinflammatory effect of a heteropolysaccharide ATP50-3 from Acorus tatarinowii rhizome.

Acorus tatarinowii, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the clinical treatment of memory impairment and dementia. In this research, AT50, the crude polysaccharide extracted from A. tatarinowii rhizome, significantly improved the memory and learning ability of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exerted excellent anti-neuroinflammatory effects. More importantly, AT50 returned the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1ß, PGE-2, and IL-6 in AD mouse brains to normal levels. To identify the active ingredients in AT50, a heteropolysaccharide ATP50-3 was obtained from AT50. Structural analysis indicated ATP50-3 consisted of α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, α-D-Xylp-(1→, →3,4)-ß-D-Xylp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-4-OAc-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →2,3,6)-ß-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, and →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1 â†’ residues and terminated with Xyl and Ara. Additionally, ATP50-3 significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. ATP50-3 may be an active constituent of AT50, responsible for its anti-neuroinflammatory effects, with great potential to treat AD.

Mammalian PIWI-piRNA-target complexes reveal features for broad and efficient target silencing.

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is an adaptive defense system wherein piRNAs guide PIWI family Argonaute proteins to recognize and silence ever-evolving selfish genetic elements and ensure genome integrity. Driven by this intensive host-pathogen arms race, the piRNA pathway and its targeted transposons have coevolved rapidly in a species-specific manner, but how the piRNA pathway adapts specifically to target silencing in mammals remains elusive. Here, we show that mouse MILI and human HILI piRNA-induced silencing complexes (piRISCs) bind and cleave targets more efficiently than their invertebrate counterparts from the sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis. The inherent functional differences comport with structural features identified by cryo-EM studies of piRISCs. In the absence of target, MILI and HILI piRISCs adopt a wider nucleic-acid-binding channel and display an extended prearranged piRNA seed as compared with EfPiwi piRISC, consistent with their ability to capture targets more efficiently than EfPiwi piRISC. In the presence of target, the seed gate-which enforces seed-target fidelity in microRNA RISC-adopts a relaxed state in mammalian piRISC, revealing how MILI and HILI tolerate seed-target mismatches to broaden the target spectrum. A vertebrate-specific lysine distorts the piRNA seed, shifting the trajectory of the piRNA-target duplex out of the central cleft and toward the PAZ lobe. Functional analyses reveal that this lysine promotes target binding and cleavage. Our study therefore provides a molecular basis for the piRNA targeting mechanism in mice and humans, and suggests that mammalian piRNA machinery can achieve broad target silencing using a limited supply of piRNA species.

A Chinese adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A): factor structure and psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: To examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) in Chinese children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: A total of 248 MDD patients aged between 12 and 18 years were recruited and evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A), the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D), the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), and the improved Clinical Global Impression Scale, Severity item (iCGI-S). Thirty-one patients were selected randomly to complete the PHQ-A again one week later. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of the scale. Reliability was evaluated by Macdonald Omega coefficient. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the item-total correlation and the correlation of PHQ-A with CES-D and MFQ respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess test-retest reliability. The optimal cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity of the PHQ-A were achieved by estimating the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve. RESULTS: CFA reported adequate loadings for all items, except for item 3. Macdonald Omega coefficient of the PHQ-A was 0.87. The Spearman correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.70. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the PHQ-A with CES-D and MFQ were 0.87 and 0.85, respectively (p < 0.01). By taking the iCGI-S as the remission criteria for MDD, the optimal cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-A were 7, 98.7%, 94.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-A presented as a unidimensional construct and demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity among the Chinese children and adolescents with MDD. A cut-off value of 7 was suggested for remission.

Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of eicosane on glutamate and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of eicosane on glutamate-induced cell damage and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury in a mouse model of glaucoma. METHODS: The protective effects of eicosane on the rat R28 retinal precursor cell line were assessed using cell counting kit-8 assays and Hoechst-propidium iodide staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorescent probe 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and flow cytometry. The protective role of eicosane on NMDA-induced RGC injury in a mouse glaucoma model was determined by immunostaining of frozen sections of retina. The effects of eicosane on the metabolome of the retina in mice with NMDA-induced RGC damage were evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics analyses. RESULTS: Eicosane treatment significantly attenuated glutamate-induced damage to R28 cells in vitro. Eicosane also protected RGCs against NMDA-induced injury in a mouse glaucoma model. Untargeted metabolomics analyses showed that eicosane increased multiple metabolites, including L-arginine and L-carnitine, in the retina. CONCLUSION: Eicosane has protective effects, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory properties in an in vitro model of glutamate-induced cell damage and in an in vivo model of NMDA-induced RGC injury in mouse glaucoma through modulation of L-arginine and/or L-carnitine metabolism.

A novel U-tied semi-manual anastomosis in totally laparoscopic colectomy.

TECHNIQUE: We describe improvements to the previously proposed "U-tied anastomosis" with the aim of broadening its indications, especially in left hemicolectomy. After bowel mobilization and vascular ligation, the proximal and distal colon were aligned in a U-shape using a ligature. An anastomosis was constructed using a linear stapler through the common enterotomies. Following resection of the bowel using laparoscopic coagulation shears, the common opening was closed using 3-0 barbed sutures. RESULTS: Eight consecutive patients underwent colectomy using the U-tied semi-manual technique between May and July 2023. In all cases, the U-tied procedures were completed using one cartridge and two sutures. No complications or mortality were observed after one month of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The U-tied semi-manual anastomosis is a straightforward and effective method for intracorporeal anastomosis. The simplified reconstruction technique of U-tied series, together with the minimization of technique variability, results in consistent outcomes when performed by surgeons with different levels of experience. The streamlined process enhances the homogeneity of the intracorporeal anastomosis while reducing cartridge use.