[Adaptation of african swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: Asfivirus)to growth in the continuous culture PPK-66b cells by the method of accelerated passaging].

INTRODUCTION: African swine fever virus (ASF) is a large, enveloped virus with an icosahedral capsid morphology and a double-stranded DNA genome ranging in size from 170 to 190 kb. The replication cycle proceeds in two phases, the early phase lasting 4-6 hours and the late 8-20 hours after infection. The adaptation of the ASF virus to growth in continuous cell lines makes efficient and reliable genetic analysis and more accurate interpretation of its results. OBJECTIVE: Adaptation of a new isolate of the ASF virus to growth in a continuous cell line by the method of accelerated passages and preliminary genetic analysis of the resulting strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For virus isolation and passaging of the ASF virus, a porcine leukocyte cell culture (PL) and continuous cell cultures of porcine origin (ST, PK, PPK-66b) were used with Eagle MEM and HLA essential media with 10% porcine or fetal serum. RESULTS: The article presents data on the isolation and analysis of the changes in the reproductive properties of a new African swine fever (ASF) virus isolate in the process of adaptation to growth in a continuous piglet kidney cell culture clone b (PPK-66b). The current state of the problem of cultivation of the ASF virus, the features of its reproduction, and the basis of the genetic differentiation of its isolates are described in detail. Understanding the uniqueness of the nature of the ASF virus determined the approaches to the processes of its cultivation and adaptation. In this regard, the results of studies of cultural properties, and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of 6 genes of the new isolate, as well as phylogenetic analysis of these genes with already known strains and isolates of the ASF virus are presented. CONCLUSION: A new strain obtained in the process of cell adaptation of ASVF/Znaury/PPK-23 ASF virus by the accelerated passaging method reaches a high level of reproduction in 72 hours with an accumulation titer of 7.07 lg HAdE50/cm3. Primary genetic analysis allowed to establish the main phylogenetic relationships of the newly isolated strain with previously known variants of the current ASF panzootic.

[The hardware techniques for the restoration of the gait stereotype in the patients following total hip replacement: the personalized approach].

BACKGROUND: total hip replacement has long ago become the «golden standard¼ for the treatment of dysplastic coxarthrosis in thousands of the patients receiving it every year. In the meantime, the analysis of the specialized literature gives evidence of the lack of a systematic and personified approach to the rehabilitation treatment. AIM: The objective of the present study was to improve medical rehabilitation of the patients following the total hip replacement and to develop the personalized programs for walking modality reconstruction taking into consideration the age and the body weight of the patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 240 patients were available for the observation including 184 women and 56 men. They were divided into three study groups and one control group, with the differentiation into the following three subgroups: one comprised of the patients of moderate acerage age and body weight, the other containing the obese patients (BMI>35), and the third one involving the elderly patients (age >70 years); each subgroup consisted of 20 patients. All the patients received the early basic rehabilitation treatment, those in the study groups had to perform in addition the robotic training based on the use of hardware techniques supplemented by passive mechanotherapy and electromyostimulation designed to restore the walking stereotype with three types of devices: body weight unloading, video-reconstruction associated with biological feedback and robototherapy. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of gait reconstruction has demonstrated the high effectiveness of the application of the hardware technique in the patients of moderate acerage age and body weight. At the same time, the elderly patients had a significantly higher rate of successful walking reconstruction efficiency under the influence of the video-associated training with biological feedback (3 times that achieved with training using the device for unloading the body weight and 4 times compared with the result of a course of robotic walk. The evaluation of the application of the techniques for the gait stereotype reconstruction in the obese patients gave evidence of the advantage of the Lokomat robotic trainings that produced 6 times better results than unloading of the body weight and 5 times better ones than the video-associated training with biological feedback. DISCUSSION: The results of the present study are on the whole comparable with the data reported by other authors although its design was different from that of the majority of the published studies in that our patients were allocated to different subgroups for the further personalization of the methods applied to restore the gait stereotype. The factors limiting the use of the results of this study include the medium-high level of the patients' welfare most of whom are residents of the city of Moscow and Moscow region characterized by a relatively high quality and accessibility of health care. It means that the results of such studies as the one described in the present article are directly related to the quality and accessibility of health care and can be extrapolated only to the socially safe and well-to-do patients. CONCLUSIONS: All the hardware techniques are equally effective in the patients of moderate average age and body weight. The elderly patients showed the best results using the video-reconstruction associated with biological feedback, while the Locomat technique was especially useful for the obese patients.

[Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 strains in the Moscow Region].

The Moscow Region is one of the HIV-1-affected subjects of the Russian Federation; there were 34613 HIV-1-infected subjects as of October 31, 2009. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the Moscow Region, the investigators obtained and studied HIV-1 variants from 61 infected subjects of the region, who were major risk groups: intravenous drug users (IDUs) and hetero- and homosexually infected persons. Genetic analysis of HIV-1 variants was carried out by sequencing the gag genes (729 nucleotides in length, including full-length protein p17 and partial p24) andlor env (270 nucleotides in length, V3 region) with further phylogenetic analysis. The findings demonstrated that HIV-1 subtype A variants are dominant in the Moscow Region and detectable in 93.5% of IDUs and 100% of heterosexually infected persons. Phylogenetically (and accordingly epidemiologically) unrelated HIV-1 subtype B strains were revealed in 4 patients, including 2 IDUs.

[Remote sequelae of combined influence of vinyl chloride and dichloroethane (experimental study)]. / Otdalennye posledstviia kombinirovannogo vozdeistviia vinilkhlorida i dikhlorétana (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Exposure to concentrations of vinyl chloride (VC) + dichloroethane (DCE) 50 + 50 mg/m3, VC + DCE 50 + 500 mg/m3 and VC + DCE 500 + 50 mg/m3 during pregnancy induced higher occurrence of fetal resorption, increased incidence of preimplantational and postimplantational fetal death. Carcinogenic activity of the same levels of VC and DCE was seen in various organs: high concentrations of DCE increased incidence of lung tumors, high levels of VC--of breast neoplasms, mesenterial lymphosarcoma and liver hemangiosarcoma.

[Combined effects caused by chronic exposure to vinyl chloride and dichloroethane]. / Kombinirovannoe deistvie vinilkhlorida i dikhlorétana pri dlinel'nov postuplenii v ornanizm.

The authors studied solitary and combined effects of vinyl chloride and dichloroethane in chronic (4 months) inhalation experiment using concentrations of 50 and 500 mg/m3. The experiment revealed general toxic effects including disorders of central nervous system and liver. Those disorders are caused by reductive-oxidative reactions disturbances and dystrophic processes. The authors determined safe combinations of vinyl chloride and dichloroethane concentrations for associated action.

[The biological activity of Pseudomonas solanacearum polysaccharide]. / Biologicheskaia aktivnost' lipopolisakharida Pseudomonas solanacearum.

Antitumour, antileukosis and antimetastatic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Pseudomonas solanacearum have been studied. It is established that LPS does not possess the antitumour effect on experimental animals with Lewis lung carcinoma, melanoma B-16 and sarcoma S-37 and vice versa, intensifies the tumour growth. The life time of animals with experimental leukoses lymphocytic leukemia P-388 and lymphoid leukemia L 1210 inconsiderably increases. At the same time LPS possesses the expressed antimetastatic effect that has manifested in the decrease of the volume (40 and 5 times) and of the amount (4-4.2 times) of metastases in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B-16, respectively. Study of the contribution of certain structural components of LPS molecule to the total biological activity has shown that O-specific polysaccharide and oligosaccharide of core take the expressed antimetastatic effect. Lipid A in the used dose weakly modified the development of Lewis lung carcinoma metastases.

[Occupational hygiene in major production of polyvinyl chloride]. / Voprosy gigieny truda v krupnotonazhnom proizvodstve polivinilkhlorida.

The article deals with results of manifold hygienic examination of work conditions at major production of polyvinylchloride. The authors evaluated hardness and intensity of the work and analyzed the morbidity with transitory disablement.

[The detection of the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals in Turkmenistan]. / Obnaruzhenie vozbuditelia kriptosporidioza u cheloveka i zhivotnykh v Turkmenistane.

The oocystic infestation of Cryptosporidia in patients with acute intestinal infections was first registered in Turkmenistan. It was 15.8%, highly affecting children of the first two years of life. The monoinfection is characterized by common severe and critical forms (in 60%) with marked symptoms of diarrhea. Cases of hemocolitis were detected. A large source of Cryptosporidium infection was found among 8 animal species under study (chickens, ducks, pigeons, canary birds, sheep, cattle, pigs, dogs).

[Determination of cholera enterotoxin in supernatants of homogenates from the wall of the small intestine in rabbits in the passive immune hemolysis reaction]. / Opredelenie kholernogo énterotoksina v supernatantakh gomogenatov stenki tonkoi kishki krolika v reaktsii passivnogo immunogo gemoliza.

The article presents the data indicating that suckling rabbits can be used as a model, specific only for enterotoxin-producing Vibrio eltor strains. The signs characteristic of low virulence may appear as the consequence of the action of other products resulting from the vital activity of vibrios. No strains capable of producing toxin only in vivo or in vitro have been detected. The quantitative correlation of the synthesis of enterotoxin in the body of experimental animals and in vitro has been established. The passive immune hemolysis test can be used as an objective method suitable for the determination of the choleragenic potency of vibrios.

[Role of enterotoxin and neuraminidase in the biological activity of E1 Tor vibrios]. / Rol' énterotoksina i neiraminidazy v biologicheskoi aktivnosti vibrionov E1 Tor.

The biological activity of the toxigenic strains of cholera vibrios in suckling rabbits used as a model is manifested irrespective of the amount of neuraminidase produced by these strains. Neuraminidase is important only in low-cholerogenic strains, which is confirmed by a significantly greater death rate among suckling rabbits infected with cultures producing 40-2560 ng/ml of the exoenzyme in comparison with that among suckling rabbits infected with strains producing less than 10 ng/ml of the exoenzyme, or not producing it at all. The relation between the amounts of enterotoxin and neuraminidase, produced in vitro, and the biological activity of strains in suckling rabbits has been established, which allows one to study the virulence of strains in the passive immune hemolysis and aggregate hemagglutination tests.

[Toxigenicity of NAG-vibrio isolated from patients and disease carriers]. / Toksigennost' NAG-vibrionov, izolirovannykh ot bol'nykh i nositelei.

The article deals with the in vitro determination of toxigenicity in 311 NAG vibrio strains isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases and from healthy persons. Enterotoxin-synthesizing strains have been found to occur among NAG vibrios isolated from patients as frequently as among strains from healthy persons. The latter ones have also proved to be weaker as toxin producers. Comparative determination of virulence and toxigenicity in 54 NAG vibrio strains has demonstrated a significant prevalence of cultures with weak virulence over those with weak toxigenicity.

[Determination of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin by the passive immune hemolysis technic]. / Opredelenie énterotoksina kholernykh vibrionov metodom passivnogo immunnogo gemoliza.

To determine the antigenic determinants of cholera toxin, the passive immune hemolysis test was used. This test, proved to be highly sensitive (100-200 pg/ml) and specific, yielded results quicker than all other immunological methods for the determination of cholera toxin. The study of 36 cholera and NAG-vibrio strains revealed that V. cholerae synthesized the greatest amount of the toxin, whereas V. eltor formed a heterogenous group, comprising strains capable of synthesizing the toxin in considerable amounts, as well as strains synthetizing no toxin. Some strains of NAG-vibrio were found to produce insignificant amounts of the toxin.

[Study of the embrotoxic properties of the repellent diethyltoluamide]. / Izuchenie émbriotoksicheskikh svoistv repellenta diétiltoluamida

With application to the skin of an albino female-rat over the whole period of its pregnancy of the repellent diethyltolueneamide (DETA) in doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg the overall embryonal fatality was found to go up, the size and weight of the rattlings to be down; there was recorded a lagging development of the newborns and a high postnatal death rate. The preparation could easily overcome the placental barrier, it was demonstrable in the placenta, fetuses, as well as in the bodies of newborn rattlings, even 3 months after their birth.