ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the awareness of, adherence to, and barriers to the 2017 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) peanut allergy prevention guidelines among the pediatrics health care workforce. STUDY DESIGN: Pediatricians, family physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and dermatologists who provide care for infants were solicited for a population-based online survey, administered from June 6, 2022, through July 3, 2022. The survey collected information about NIAID guideline awareness, implementation, and barriers as well as concerns related to the guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 250 pediatricians, 250 family physicians, 504 APPs, and 253 dermatologists met inclusion criteria. Self-reported guideline awareness was significantly higher for pediatricians (76%) compared with dermatologists (58%), family physicians (52%), and APPs (45%) (P < .05). Among participants who were aware of the guidelines, most reported using part or all of the guidelines in their clinical practices. Reported practice patterns for peanut introduction in 6-month-old infants were variable and did not always align with guidelines, particularly for infants with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Although pediatricians have the highest self-reported level of NIAID guideline awareness, awareness was suboptimal irrespective of provider type. Education for all pediatric clinicians is urgently needed to promote evidence-based peanut allergy prevention practices.
ABSTRACT
This study is based on our previous research showing that commercial probiotic fermented milk (PFM) intake mitigates respiratory allergy development to ovalbumin (OVA) in adult mice (6-weeks old) increasing specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a and interferon (IFN)-γ rather than IgE. The aim was to determine if PFM exerts a protective effect when an allergy model is induced 5 days after weaning and whether the mechanisms involved are similar to those previously reported. Before inducing allergy, a group of 21-day old BALB/c mice received PFM for 10 days to analyse the impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) activation. Two more groups received PFM for 5 days and were sensitised with OVA; only one group continued taking PFM until the end of the experiment. Sensitisation scheme: 3 OVA injections 1% in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) plus 7 days OVA aerosol exposure and re-stimulus 15 days later. The contents of specific- IgE, IgG, total-secretory-IgA and Th1/Th2 balance in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and gut were measured at 7 and 15 days post-sensitisation (dPS) and 2 days post-re-stimulus (2dPR). Treg cells in lungs were also quantified. Results were compared with normal and sensitised controls. PFM induced mild activation of IECs increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) and interleukin (IL)-6 production. In sensitised mice, PFM controlled the response inducing IgG rather than IgE at 7 and 15-dPS and 2dPR (60 days old). Th1-balance (IFN-γ) was favoured by PFM in lungs at 7 dPS with low levels of IL-10 released to regulate the response. Total-S-IgA increased in lungs and gut; however, PFM intake did not affect Treg cells in lungs. PFM maintains controlled stimulation of the immune cells involved in Th1 response, favouring IgG at the respiratory mucosal site. Although the effect was not as strong as that reported previously, PFM promoted maturation and activation of gut immune cells preserving intestinal homeostasis and lung immune response.
Subject(s)
Fermented Foods , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Intestinal Mucosa/physiology , Milk/microbiology , Probiotics/pharmacology , Animals , Cytokines/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Ovalbumin/immunology , Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effectsABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la efectividad de la suplementación con omega 3 (pescado) y vitamina D durante la etapa gestacional para la prevención de diversas alergias en el lactante de 0 a 1 año. Se presenta los resultados de una compilación y categorización de la mejor evidencia científica disponible. Se aplicó la metodología sugerida para la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia, la cual inició con el establecimiento de una pregunta clínica seguido por la búsqueda de la información en las bases de datos Medline, Science Direct y Cochrane Library, obteniendo 334 artículos de los cuales al aplicar los criterios de selección se conservan 9. Luego se llevó a cabo un análisis crítico utilizando la plataforma FLC 2.0 y clasificando la evidencia por su calidad y grados de recomendación según Canadian TaskForce on Preventive Health Care.Se concluye que a pesar de que los beneficios de la vitamina D y el omega 3 son múltiples, y que el uso en conjunto de ambos en el embarazo, podría significar una mejora no solo sobre la salud materna sino también sobre el feto y lactante; al no contar con estudios con resultados contundentes, no se puede generalizar o recomendar en la práctica clínica.
Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the effectiveness of omega 3 (fish) and vitamin D supplementation during the gestational stage for the prevention of various allergies in infants aged 0 to 1 year. The results of a compilation and categorization of the best available scientific evidence are presented. The methodology suggested for the clinical practice based on the evidence was applied, which began with the establishment of a clinical question followed by the search of the information in the Medline, Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases, obtaining 334 articles of which when the selection criteria are applied, they are kept 9. Then, a critical analysis was carried out using the FLC 2.0 platform and the evidence was classified by its quality and degrees of recommendation according to the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. It is concluded that although the benefits of vitamin D and omega 3 are multiple, and that the joint use of both in pregnancy, could mean an improvement not only on maternal health but also on the fetus and infant; By not having studies with conclusive results, it can not be generalized or recommended in clinical practice.
Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever a eficácia da suplementação de ômega 3 (peixe) e vitamina D durante o estágio gestacional para a prevenção de várias alergias em lactentes de 0 a 1 ano de idade. Os resultados de uma compilação e categorização das melhores evidências científicas disponíveis são apresentados. Foi aplicada a metodologia sugerida para a prática clínica baseada na evidência, que começou com o estabelecimento de uma questão clínica seguida pela busca da informação nos bancos de dados da Medline, Science Direct e Cochrane Library, obtendo 334 artigos dos quais quando os critérios de seleção são aplicados, eles são mantidos 9. Então, uma análise crítica foi realizada usando a plataforma FLC 2.0 e a evidência foi classificada por sua qualidade e graus de recomendação de acordo com a Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Conclui-se que, embora os benefícios da vitamina D e omega 3 sejam múltiplos e que o uso conjunto de ambos na gravidez, pode significar uma melhora não só na saúde materna, mas também no feto e no bebê; Ao não ter estudos com resultados conclusivos, não pode ser generalizada ou recomendada na prática clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pregnancy Proteins/immunology , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Allergy and Immunology , Prenatal Nutrition , Costa Rica , Pregnant Women , Hypersensitivity/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Objectives: The current review presents the pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic and preventive measures to avoid the development of complications related to latex allergy. Method: Literature search electronically from articles already published on the basis of the NCBI / PUBMED / MEDLINE. Results: Manifestations of latex allergy are related to immediate hypersensitivity such as urticaria, angioedema, asthma or even anaphylaxis, or delayed hypersensitivity by a mechanism such as allergic contact dermatitis or primary irritation. Conclusion: Prevention of exposure, replacement and use of latex-free products such as synthetic gloves are essential for those affected. Adjustments in the workplace should be done with gloves without talc, low in allergens or synthetic gloves. These preventive measures significantly reduce the prevalence of allergic reactions.
Objetivos: A revisão atual apresenta os mecanismos imunopatológicos, diagnóstico e medidas terapêuticas e preventivas para evitar o desenvolvimento de complicações relacionadas à alergia ao látex. Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica por meio eletrônico a partir de artigos já publicados, na base do NCBI/PUBMED/MEDLINE. Resultados: As manifestações de alergia ao látex estão relacionadas com hipersensibilidade imediata como a urticária, o angioedema, a asma ou até anafilaxia, ou por mecanismo de hipersensibilidade tardia como a dermatite de contato alérgica ou por irritação primária. Conclusão: Prevenção à exposição, substituição e utilização de produtos livres de látex, como luvas sintéticas são essenciais para os afetados. Adaptações no local de trabalho devem ser feitas com uso de luvas sem talco, com baixo teor de alérgenos ou luvas sintéticas. Estas medidas preventivas reduzem significativamente a prevalência de reações alérgicas.
Objetivos: En esta revisión presentamos los mecanismos patogénicos, diagnóstico y medidas terapéuticas y preventivas para evitar el desarrollo de complicaciones relacionadas con la alergia al látex. Método: La búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de artículos ya publicados sobre la base de la Revista / PubMed / MEDLINE. Resultados: Las manifestaciones de la alergia al látex se relacionan con la hipersensibilidad inmediata como urticaria, angioedema, asma o incluso anafilaxia o hipersensibilidad retardada por un mecanismo como la dermatitis de contacto alérgica o irritación primaria. Conclusión: Prevención de la exposición, la sustitución y el uso de látex libres de productos tales como guantes sintéticos son esenciales para las personas afectadas. Ajustes en el lugar de trabajo se debe hacer con guantes sin talco, con bajo contenido de alergenos o guantes sintéticos. Estas medidas preventivas reducen significativamente la prevalencia de las reacciones alérgicas.