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1.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 100(6): 412-419, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38821833

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of neurological dysfunction that occurs immediately after birth following an episode of perinatal asphyxia. We conducted a scoping review to assess the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines that address this condition. METHODOLOGY: We conducted the evaluation using the AGREE II tool. High methodological quality was defined as a score greater than 70% in every domain. RESULTS: The analysis included three clinical practice guidelines; the highest scores were in the scope and purpose domain (84.26%; SD, 14.25%) and the clarity of presentation domain (84.26%; SD, 17.86%), while the lowest score corresponded to the applicability domain (62.50%; SD, 36.62%). Two guidelines were classified as high quality and one guideline as low-quality. CONCLUSIONS: Two of the assessed guidelines were classified as being of high quality; however, the analysis identified shortcomings in the applicability domain, in addition to methodological variation between guidelines developed in middle- or low-income countries versus high-income countries. Efforts are needed to make high-quality guidelines available to approach the management of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborns.


Subject(s)
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/diagnosis , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565583

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La asfixia perinatal es un síndrome caracterizado por la suspensión o grave disminución del intercambio gaseoso a nivel de la placenta o de los pulmones. Objetivo: Caracterizar los neonatos con asfixia perinatal durante el trabajo de parto con la introducción de la gasometría de la arteria umbilical. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de octubre de 2016 a diciembre de 2021. Se trabajó con la totalidad del universo: 75 neonatos asfícticos. Las variables fueron: edad materna, edad gestacional al nacimiento, enfermedades asociadas y dependientes del embarazo, tipo y tiempo de trabajo de parto, características del líquido amniótico, anomalías de la placenta y cordón umbilical, pH de la gasometría de la arteria del cordón, evolución clínica del recién nacido. Los datos se almacenaron y procesaron en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel, utilizando la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Predominaron pacientes con edad materna menor de 20 años (56 %), y edad gestacional al nacimiento de 28 a 33,6 semanas (77,3 %). La hipertensión arterial fue la comorbilidad más común, así como la preeclampsia, entre las enfermedades dependiente del embarazo (30,7 %); 61,3 % tuvieron parto eutócico, con líquido amniótico claro (65,3 %), placenta previa (38,7 %) y circulares en cordón umbilical (30,7 %). En el 86,7 % el pH de la gasometría fue menor que 7, y el 92 % presentó evolución clínica favorable. Conclusiones: La asfixia perinatal estuvo predominantemente asociada a madres adolescentes, con tiempo gestacional entre 28 y 36 semanas, preeclampsia, placenta previa, circulares del cordón umbilical y predominio de gasometría con pH menor que 7.


Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a syndrome characterized by the suspension or severe decrease in gas exchange at the level of the placenta or lungs. Objective: To characterize neonates with perinatal asphyxia during labor with the introduction of umbilical arterial blood gas test. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2016 to December 2021. It dealt with the entire universe, 75 asphyxiated neonates. The variables were: maternal age, gestational age at birth, associated and pregnancy-dependent diseases, type and time of labor, characteristics of the amniotic fluid, anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord, pH of the cord arterial blood gas test, clinical evolution of the newborn. The data were stored and processed in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, using descriptive statistics. Results: Patients with maternal age below 20 years (56%), and gestational age at birth from 28 to 33.6 weeks (77.3%) predominated. Arterial hypertension was the most common comorbidity, as well as preeclampsia, among pregnancy-dependent diseases (30.7%); 61.3% had eutocic delivery, with clear amniotic fluid (65.3%), previous placenta (38.7%) and umbilical cord circulars (30.7%). In 86.7%, the blood gas pH was less than 7 and 92% had a favorable clinical evolution. Conclusions: Perinatal asphyxia was predominantly associated with adolescent mothers, with gestational time between 28-36 weeks; preeclampsia, placenta previa, umbilical cord circulars, and blood gases pH lower than 7.

3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);28(2): 385-385, fev. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421159

ABSTRACT

Resumo Apesar da variação entre observadores na avaliação do escore de Apgar, ele permanece um indicador útil das condições gerais do recém-nascido. O presente trabalho é um estudo de corte transversal baseado na população de nascidos vivos no Brasil no ano de 1999 e no biênio 2018-2019. Foram avaliadas todas as declarações de nascidos vivos (DNV) obtidas a partir do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. As frequências foram comparadas entre os grupos por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e foi realizada análise de regressão logística multivariada. Adotou-se nível de significância estatística de 0,05. Foram analisadas 9.050.521 DNVs em nossa pesquisa. Constatamos que 2,1% dos recém-nascidos tiveram Apgar de 5º minuto < 7 em 1999, em comparação com 0,9% em 2018-2019. A análise multivariada indicou que gemelidade e gravidez na adolescência deixaram de ser fatores de risco para Apgar de 5º minuto < 7. Entre os fatores de risco, nota-se aumento da prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e anomalias congênitas. Observou-se melhoria de marcadores maternos, em especial o aumento do número de consultas pré-natais e escolaridade. Tais achados mostram a importância de acesso e seguimento pré-natal adequado e investimento em melhores condições socioeconômicas como estratégia eficaz para redução de morbimortalidade neonatal.


Abstract Although variation between observers in the assessment of the Apgar score, it remains a useful indicator of the general conditions of the newborn. This is a cross-sectional study based on population of live births in Brazil in 1999 and biennium 2018-2019. All declarations of live births (DNV) obtained from the Live Births System database were accessed. Frequencies were compared between groups using Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. We included 9.050.521 DNVs in our research. We found that 2,1% of newborns had 5th minute Apgar < 7 in 1999 compared with 0,9% in 2018-2019. Multivariate analysis shows that twins and teenage pregnancy are no longer risk factors. Among risk factors, we observed an increase in prematurity, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. An improvement in maternal markers was observed, especially increase in the number of prenatal consultations and schooling. Such findings demonstrate the importance access and adequate prenatal care and improved socioeconomic conditions as effective strategy to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

4.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2022. 203 p. ilus., tab..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1518681

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A hipotermia terapêutica é o tratamento indicado para encefalopatia moderada a grave em recém-nascidos. A terapia requer uma equipe de enfermagem capacitada e integrada, visando um cuidado qualificado, efetivo e seguro. Modelos teóricos têm sido desenvolvidos para auxiliar a incorporação de evidências científicas à prática dos enfermeiros, representando um desafio na área da saúde. A implementação de uma intervenção educativa, guiada pela estrutura i-PARIHS (Estrutura Integrada de Promoção da Ação na Implementação de Pesquisa em Serviços de Saúde), poderá preencher a lacuna entre a teoria e a prática, beneficiando a assistência e tornando os sujeitos ativos no manejo do recém-nascido em hipotermia terapêutica. Objetivo geral: avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa, guiada pelo referencial teórico i-PARIHS, sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal no conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de enfermeiros. Objetivos específicos: analisar o conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica pré e pós-intervenção educativa; identificar as barreiras e facilitadores percebidos pelos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal; implementar uma intervenção educativa, guiada pelo referencial i-PARIHS, para melhorar o conhecimento, a atitude e a prática dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal; comparar o conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros após a intervenção educativa e os indicadores quanto ao manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica. Método: trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, do tipo quase-experimental, realizado com 29 enfermeiros de uma unidade intensiva neonatal, referência no Rio de Janeiro. O desfecho principal: conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos enfermeiros no manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal A intervenção compreendeu três fases: pré-intervenção - intervenção educativa- pós-intervenção. A intervenção educativa contou com cinco encontros: "Asfixia Perinatal x Hipotermia Terapêutica", "Controle da temperatura", "Cuidados de enfermagem na HT: avaliação de dor", "Monitoramento neurológico" e "Cuidado Centrado na Família". Para a análise estatística utilizou-se de análise descritiva e aplicação dos testes Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e Mc Nemar, sendo o nível de significância adotado de 0,05. Resultados: a análise dos resultados do pré e pós-teste demonstrou um incremento no escore de acertos das questões sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros no manejo do recém-nascido submetido à hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal, apresentando significância estatística para a maioria dos itens. Para a inovação foram construídos lembretes, fluxo de admissão para recém-nascido da instituição e uma cartilha para os pais como produto da intervenção com os enfermeiros. Conclusão: O resultado das auditorias realizadas, após a implementação das evidências, constatou uma transformação positiva da prática dos enfermeiros. A utilização da estrutura i-PARIHS evidenciou a necessidade e o valor de investir no engajamento das partes interessadas, na avaliação colaborativa do contexto e na cocriação de inovação usando facilitação qualificada. A intervenção educativa, guiada pela estrutura i-PARIHS, mostrou ter impacto no manejo do recém-nascido submetido à hipotermia terapêutica por enfermeiros.


Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia is the currently indicated treatment for moderate to severe encephalopathy in newborns. Therapy requires a trained and integrated nursing team, aiming at qualified, effective and safe care. Theoretical models have been developed to help the incorporation of scientific evidence into nurses' practice, representing a challenge in the health area. The implementation of an educational intervention, guided by the i-PARIHS (Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework) framework, can fill the gap between theory and professional practice, benefiting care and making subjects active in the management of newborns with therapeutic hypothermia. General objective: to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention guided by the theoretical framework i-PARIHS, on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses. Specific objectives: to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in pre- and post-educational therapeutic hypothermia; to identify barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit; implement an educational intervention, guided by the i-PARIHS framework, to improve nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit and compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses after the participatory educational intervention program and indicators regarding the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia. Method: this is a quasi-experimental intervention study carried out with 29 nurses from a neonatal intensive care unit, a reference in Rio de Janeiro. The main outcome: knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses in the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive unit The intervention comprised three phases: pre-intervention - educational intervention - post-intervention. The educational intervention had five meetings: "Perinatal Asphyxia x Therapeutic Hypothermia", "Temperature control", "Nursing care in HT: pain assessment", "Neurological monitoring" and "Family-Centered Care". For the statistical analysis, descriptive analysis and application of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Mc Nemar tests were used, with the adopted significance level of 0.05. Results: the analysis of pre- and post-test results showed an increase in the correct score of questions about nurses' knowledge and practices in the management of newborns submitted to therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit, showing statistical significance for most items. For innovation, reminders, admission flow for newborns at the institution and a booklet for parents were created as a product of the intervention with nurses. Conclusion: The result of the audits carried out, after the implementation of the evidence, found a positive transformation of the nurses' practice. Using the i-PARIHS framework highlighted the need and value of investing in stakeholder engagement, collaborative context assessment, and co-creation of innovation using qualified facilitation. The educational intervention guided by the i-PARIHS framework was shown to have an impact on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia by nurses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Hypothermia/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced , Asphyxia Neonatorum/nursing , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/nursing , Hypothermia/nursing , Nurse Practitioners
5.
BioSC. (Curitiba, Impresso) ; 80(Supl.1): 9-13, 20220000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417631

ABSTRACT

O escore de Apgar avalia rapidamente o estado clínico de neonatos. A asfixia perinatal é uma das causas do baixo índice de Apgar e contribui significativamente com a morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do Apgar baixo no quinto minuto de vida e determinar o perfil epidemiológico desses pacientes. Método: É estudo retrospectivo transversal epidemiológico. Foram coletados os dados dos recém-nascidos vivos com Apgar 5' <7 de 2 anos. Excluiu-se pacientes com anomalias congênitas e 118 pacientes foram analisados. Resultados: A prevalência do Apgar 5' <7 foi de 21,47/1000. Sexo masculino, nascimento a termo e por cesárea, apresentação cefálica, bolsa rota no ato, gestações simples, mães entre 20 e 34 anos com hipotireoidismo e diabetes, em uso de medicação, e mais de 6 consultas de pré-natal foram a maioria dentre os fatores analisados. Do total, 33,9% eram pré-termo; 30,5% tinham baixo peso; 24% apresentaram líquido amniótico meconial; 16% distócia; e 13% circular de cordão. Conclusão: A prevalência do Apgar 5' <7 foi de 21,47/1000. O perfil epidemiológico dentre os fatores analisados foi sexo masculino, nascimento a termo e por cesárea, apresentação cefálica, bolsa rota no ato, gestações simples, mães entre 20-34 anos com hipotireoidismo e diabete, em uso de medicação, e mais de 6 consultas de pré-natal


The Apgar score quickly assesses the clinical status of neonates. Perinatal asphyxia is one of the causes of low Apgar scores and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of low Apgar in the fifth minute of life and to determine the epidemiological profile of these patients. Method: It is a retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study. Data were collected from live newborns with Apgar5' <7 over 2 years. Patients with congenital anomalies were excluded, and 118 patients were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of Apgar 5' <7 was 21.47/1000. Male, full-term and cesarean delivery, cephalic presentation, water breaking during labor, singlet pregnancies, mothers between 20 and 34 years old with hypothyroidism and diabetes, using medication, and more than 6 prenatal consultations were the majority among the analyzed factors; 33.9% were preterm; 30.5% underweight; 24% had meconium-stained amniotic fluid; 16% dystocia and 13% nuchal cord. Conclusion: The prevalence of Apgar 5' <7 was 21.47/1000. The epidemiological profile among the analyzed factors was male gender, full-term birth and by cesarean section, cephalic presentation, ruptured water at the moment, simple pregnancies, mothers between 20-34 years old with hypothyroidism and diabetes, using medication, and more than 6 consultations of prenatal care


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Apgar Score , Asphyxia Neonatorum , Health Profile , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Care , Cesarean Section , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypothyroidism
6.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 92(1): e301, jun. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248847

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El síndrome de QT largo adquirido puede ser secundario a la hipotermia, tanto accidental como terapéutica. Es poco el conocimiento sobre el efecto de ésta en la actividad eléctrica cardíaca, sobre todo en recién nacidos, y sus potenciales complicaciones. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido con diagnóstico de encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica que presenta una prolongación del intervalo QT durante el tratamiento con hipotermia. Se discute la evolución del paciente, que es consistente con lo referido en la literatura sobre el tema: buena evolución, ausencia de arritmias graves o alteraciones hemodinámicas, y normalización del electrocardiograma luego de finalizado el tratamiento.


Summary: Acquired long QT syndrome may be secondary to hypothermia, both accidental and therapeutic. There is not enough knowledge about the effect of hypothermia in cardiac activity and its potential complications, especially in newborns. We present the clinical case of a newborn with a diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy who has a prolonged QT interval during treatment with hypothermia. The evolution of the patient is discussed, which is consistent with what is referred to in the literature on the subject: Good evolution, absence of serious arrhythmias or hemodynamic alterations, and normalization of the ECG after the end of treatment.


Resumo: A síndrome do QT longo adquirida pode ser secundária à hipotermia, tanto acidental quanto terapêutica. Pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito na atividade elétrica cardíaca, principalmente em recém-nascidos, e suas possíveis complicações. Apresentamos o relato de caso clínico de um recém-nascido com diagnóstico de encefalopatia hipóxica isquêmica que apresenta prolongamento do intervalo QT durante o tratamento com hipotermia. Discutimos a evolução do paciente, a que é consistente com a literatura sobre o assunto: boa evolução, ausência de arritmias graves ou alterações hemodinâmicas e normalização do ECG após o término do tratamento.

7.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 180-189, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432227

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la atención a neonatos con indicadores de proceso, en patologías seleccionadas. Material y métodos: Evaluación multicéntrica, transversal de nueve indicadores en 28 hospitales de 11 entidades de México. Se utilizó Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) para estándares de calidad y muestra por hospital. Casos seleccionados al azar del Subsistema Automatizado de Egresos Hospitalarios. Se clasifican hospitales como "cumplimiento con estándar"/"no cumplimiento" por indicador y, cumplimiento con IC95% exacto binomial, regional y nacional, según muestreo estratificado no proporcional. Resultados: Ningún indicador cumple el estándar de 75% en hospitales, con 0 a 19 hospitales que cumplen, según indicador. Excepto la identificación oportuna de asfixia perinatal e inicio de antibiótico correcto en sospecha de sepsis temprana, el cumplimiento es <50% en todos los demás indicadores. Conclusiones: La calidad de la atención a neonatos en hospitales es heterogénea y deficiente. Se proponen indicadores para monitorizar iniciativas de mejora.


Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the quality of care to newborns with process indicators, in selected pathologies. Materials and methods: Multi-centric, cross-sectional evaluation of 9 indicators in 28 hospitals in 11 States of Mexico. Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) was used for quality standards and sample per hospital. Randomly selected cases from the Automated Hospital Discharge Subsystem. The hospitals are classified as "standard compliance"/"non-compliance" by indicator and, compliance with 95%CI exact binomial, regional and national, according to non-proportional stratified sampling. Results: No indicator meets the standard of 75% in hospitals, with range from 0 to 19 hospitals that meet, according to indicator. Except for timely identification of perinatal asphyxia and onset of correct antibiotics in suspected early sepsis, the compliance is <50% on all other indicators. Conclusions: The quality of care for newborns in hospitals is heterogeneous and poor. Indicators are proposed to monitor improvement initiatives.

8.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 36(1): 3-10, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114638

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) es causa importante de mortalidad y discapacidad neurológica en neonatos. La evidencia sugiere que la terapia de hipotermia es capaz de impactar estos desenlaces. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas y las ayudas diagnósticas realizadas a recién nacidos con EHI sometidos a terapia de hipotermia corporal total con el uso de criterios preestablecidos de ingreso a la terapia, en una muestra de dos instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el periodo 2017-2018, incluyendo la totalidad de pacientes con EHI ingresados a terapia de hipotermia. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron datos de 256 pacientes, con predominio masculino (182; 71,1%). Se evidenciaron fallas en el registro y subjetividad en la aplicación de los criterios de ingreso al protocolo de hipotermia en ambas instituciones. En 197 pacientes (77 %) no hubo reporte de evento centinela, y el expulsivo prolongado fue considerado por los clínicos un hallazgo significativo a la hora de definir el ingreso a la terapia. Hubo, además, pacientes ingresados que no cumplieron con el criterio de APGAR ≤ 5 a los 10 minutos (n = 136). Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de mejorar la adherencia al protocolo de ingreso a la terapia, pero al mismo tiempo señalan la importancia del concepto del clínico a la hora de abordar cada paciente de manera individual.


SUMMARY Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of mortality in the neonatal population and neurological disability. The evidence shows that hypothermia therapy is capable of impacting these outcomes. This study was carried out with the objective of describing the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic aids made to newborns with HIE undergoing total body hypothermia therapy and the use of criteria for admission to therapy in a sample of two institutions in the city of Medellin. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted, including all patients with HIE admitted to hypothermia therapy during 2017 and 2018. RESULTS: The data of 256 patients (males 182; 71.1 %) were obtained. There were flaws in the registry and subjectivity in the application of the entry criteria to the hypothermia protocol in both institutions. In 197 (77 %) patients there was no report of sentinel event and the prolonged labour was considered by the clinicians as a significant finding when defining the entrance to the therapy. There were also admitted patients who did not meet the criterion of APGAR ≤ 5 at 10 minutes (n = 136). The results suggest the need to improve adherence to the protocol for admission to therapy; but at the same time, it points out the importance of the clinician's concept when dealing with each patient individually.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
9.
Ocotal, Nueva Segovia; s.n; s.n; mar. 2020. 77 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119364

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar a los recién nacidos con asfixia neonatal, ingresados en la sala de neonatología, Hospital Básico Gabriela Alvarado, Danlí El Paraíso Honduras, 2018 Es un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Metodología: Se tomó una muestra de 36 expedientes de los recién nacidos que fueronndiagnosticados con asfixia neonatal. Se utilizó el programa Epi Info 7 y Microsoft Excel para presentar una distribución de frecuencia expresada en cifras absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: de los 36 expedientes de niños con Asfixia neonatal, el mayor grupo de edad de las madres de estos niños se encontró el 58.33% entre las edades 13-17 años, siendo el 67% del área de Danlí y 30.56%, cursaron primaria incompleta, y el 38.89% sien do madres solteras. Conclusión: De los niños que presentaron asfixia neonatal las características más representativas fue la edad de la madre, seguidamente el nivel educativo de las mismas y ser solteras. La mayoría de los recién nacidos pertenecen al género masculino, con un peso dentro de lo normal. La estadía hospitalaria oscila entre 5 a 10 días, todos ellos recibiendo terapias a diario. Del total de las complicaciones que se identifican, resulta predominante la del Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio (SDR)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Public Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);65(8): 1116-1121, Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041063

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The possibility that hypothermia has a therapeutic role during or after resuscitation from severe perinatal asphyxia has been a longstanding focus of research. Studies designed around this fact have shown that moderate cerebral hypothermia, initiated as early as possible, has been associated with potent, long-lasting neuroprotection in perinatal patients. OBJECTIVES To review the benefits of hypothermia in improving cellular function, based on the cellular characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury and compare the results of two different methods of cooling the brain parenchyma. METHODS Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, and PubMed were searched for articles registered between 1990 and 2019 in Portuguese and English, focused on trials comparing the safety and effectiveness of total body cooling with selective head cooling with HIE. RESULTS We found that full-body cooling provides homogenous cooling to all brain structures, including the peripheral and central regions of the brain. Selective head cooling provides a more extensive cooling to the cortical region of the brain than to the central structures. CONCLUSIONS Both methods demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties, although full-body cooling provides a broader area of protection. Recently, head cooling combined with some body cooling has been applied, which is the most promising approach. The challenge for the future is to find ways of improving the effectiveness of the treatment.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO A possibilidade de a hipotermia ter um papel terapêutico durante ou após a reanimação da asfixia perinatal grave tem sido um foco de pesquisa de longa data. Estudos desenhados em torno desse fato mostraram que a hipotermia cerebral moderada, iniciada o mais cedo possível, tem sido associada à neuroproteção potente e duradoura em espécies perinatais. OBJETIVOS Resumidamente, analisar os benefícios da hipotermia na melhoria da função celular, com base nas características celulares da lesão cerebral hipóxico-isquêmica e comparar os resultados de dois métodos diferentes de resfriamento do parênquima cerebral. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed foram pesquisados para artigos registrados entre 1990 e 2019 nos idiomas português e inglês, com foco em estudos comparando segurança e eficácia do resfriamento corporal total com o resfriamento seletivo da cabeça com EHI. RESULTADOS Descobrimos que o resfriamento de corpo inteiro fornece resfriamento homogêneo para todas as estruturas cerebrais, incluindo as regiões periférica e central do cérebro. O resfriamento seletivo da cabeça fornece um resfriamento mais amplo para a região cortical do cérebro do que para as estruturas centrais. CONCLUSÕES Ambos os métodos demonstraram ter propriedades neuroprotetoras, embora o resfriamento de corpo inteiro forneça uma área mais ampla de proteção. Recentemente, o resfriamento da cabeça combinado com algum resfriamento corporal foi aplicado e essa é a maneira mais promissora. O desafio para o futuro é encontrar formas de melhorar a eficácia do tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/prevention & control , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Clinical Studies as Topic , Neuroprotection
11.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 80(3): 298-304, jul.-set. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1054826

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La reanimación neonatal demanda dispositivos para apoyo respiratorio que no siempre se encuentran en áreas rurales. Se requieren dispositivos innovadores y el prototipado rápido permite generarlos usando diseños e impresoras tridimensionales (3D). Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño no clínico y la aceptabilidad por el personal de salud de un dispositivo respiratorio neonatal producido mediante prototipado rápido. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de prueba de concepto desarrollado en dos etapas. Etapa 1: Fabricación del dispositivo con prototipado rápido en impresoras y escáneres tridimensionales (3D). Etapa 2: Demostración del dispositivo durante programas de capacitación en reanimación neonatal para personal de salud en tres regiones del Perú (Tarapoto, Huánuco y Ayacucho). En ambas etapas se evaluó el desempeño del dispositivo conectado a un analizador de flujo de gases. Se administró una encuesta a los trabajadores de salud de Tarapoto y Ayacucho para conocer su aceptabilidad. Resultados: El prototipo desarrollado tiene forma de T con dos fuelles laterales que al presionarse con una sola mano, proyectan aire por el centro hacia un adaptador facial. El uso del prototipo en laboratorio generó un flujo de aire promedio de 4,8 Lt/min (DE ± 1,7) y una presión promedio de 5,9 cm H2O (DE ± 1,4). Este dispositivo fue considerado como "de uso muy simple" en una encuesta de aceptabilidad donde participaron 39 enfermeras y 11 médicos en zonas alejadas de la capital del Perú. Conclusiones: El prototipo evaluado fue aceptado por el personal y tuvo un desempeño capaz de generar un estímulo de la respiración espontánea al nacer.


Introduction: Neonatal resuscitation demands equipment for respiratory support not always available in rural areas. Innovative devices are required, and rapid prototyping allows to generate them using three-dimensional (3D) designs and printers. Objective: To evaluate the non-clinical performance and the acceptability by health personnel of a neonatal respiratory device produced by rapid prototyping. Methods: Observational study, descriptive, of proof of concept developed in two steps. Step 1: Manufacture of the device with rapid prototyping in three-dimensional (3D) scanners and printers. Step 2: Demonstration of the invention during training programs in neonatal resuscitation for health personnel in three regions of Peru (Tarapoto, Huánuco and Ayacucho). In both steps, we evaluated the performance of the device connected to a gas flow analyser. A survey was administered to the health workers of Tarapoto and Ayacucho to know their acceptability. Results: The developed prototype is T-shaped with two side bellows that, when pressed with one hand, project air through the centre towards a facial adapter. The use of the prototype in the laboratory generated an average air flow of 4.8 Lt /min (SD ± 1.7) and an average pressure of 5.9 cm H2O (SD ± 1.4). This device was considered to be "very simple to use" in an acceptability survey involving 39 nurses and 11 doctors in remote areas of the capital of Peru. Conclusions: The evaluated prototype is acceptable by the staff and has a performance capable of generating spontaneous breathing at birth.

12.
J. health sci. (Londrina) ; 21(2): https://seer.pgsskroton.com/index.php/JHealthSci/article/view/5596, 19/06/2019.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051381

ABSTRACT

Perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of preventable brain injury. Between four and nine million newborns develop birth asphyxia. It is estimated that 1.2 million evolve to death and at least the same number develops important disabling neurological sequels. These children need to be accompanied by experts, especially in the first year of life. The continuity of care after hospital discharge should be guaranteed so that there is follow-up care to those who are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. To identify factors associated with dropout of outpatient specialized treatment of children diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia. The study was conducted in neonatal care clinic specializing in a reference hospital for high-risk births in the state of Sergipe. 98 children with perinatal asphyxia discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of this hospital participated in the study. Results: the children who were followed up were between two months to two years old, and predominantly male 69. Ten children were discharged at age 24 months and had important neurological sequels. Thirty-one children were discharged aged 10 to 20 months without deficit and 35 remained in regular monitoring. There was a record of 22 cases of noncompliance, before the sixth medical consultation. Among the reasons for the doctor following the abandonment of the follow-up service, there were more reasons regarding the absence of symptoms (and distance from home). The absence of symptoms and distance from the capital were associated with the abandonment of outpatient treatment of anoxic children. Outpatient services should be organized to minimize the follow-up abandon situations. (AU)


Asfixia perinatal é uma das principais causas de lesão cerebral evitável. Cerca de quatro a nove milhões de recém-nascidos desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhão evoluem para óbito e desenvolvem sequelas neurológicas incapacitantes. Essas crianças precisam ser acompanhadas por especialistas, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. A continuidade da assistência após a alta hospitalar deve ser garantida para que haja seguimento do cuidado aos que apresentam maior risco de morbimortalidade. Identificar fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento ambulatorial especializado de crianças diagnosticadas com asfixia perinatal. Estudo desenvolvido no ambulatório de assistência neonatal de uma maternidade referência para partos de alto risco no estado de Sergipe. Participaram do estudo 98 crianças anoxiadas egressas da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal dessa maternidade. As crianças acompanhadas tinham entre dois meses a dois anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino 69. Dez crianças receberam alta por idade aos 24 meses, apresentando sequelas neurológicas importantes. Trinta e uma crianças receberam alta entre 10 a 20 meses sem déficit e 35 mantiveram-se em acompanhamento regular. Houve o registro de 22 casos de abandono do tratamento, antes da sexta consulta médica. Entre os motivos para o abandono do seguimento no serviço de follow-up, predominaram a ausência de sintomas e a distância do domicílio. A ausência de sintomas e a distância da capital estiveram associadas ao abandono de tratamento ambulatorial de crianças anoxiadas. Os serviços ambulatoriais devem estar organizados para minimizar situações de abandono do seguimento. (AU)

13.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051790

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar si las alteraciones en la ecografía transfontanelar es factor pronóstico para alteraciones del desarrollo motor durante los 2 primeros años de vida en neonatos a término diagnosticados con Encefalopatía Hipóxico-Isquémica, atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente Las Mercedes y el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, durante el periodo 2015-2017. Material y métodos: estudio analítico, que se incluyeron 43 infantes con el antecedente de Encefalopatía Hipóxico-Isquémica que contaban con ecografía transfontanelar tomada en los primeros 7 días de vida, de quiénes se recolectó información mediante historias clínicas y entrevistas. Se evaluó el desarrollo motor grueso a los 2 años de edad mediante el test de "Sistema de Evaluación de la Función Motriz Gruesa". Resultados: De los 43 participantes, 29 (65,12%) presentaron alteraciones ecográficas y 14 (32,56%), tuvieron alteraciones motoras. De los 14 participantes que tuvieron alteración de la función motriz gruesa, la hemorragia intraventricular y el edema cerebral fueron las más frecuentes, afectando cada una a 6 infantes (42,9%). La relación entre ambas variables (hallazgos ecográficos y alteraciones motoras gruesas) fue significativamente estadística (IC 95%, p<0,05). Conclusión: Las alteraciones en la ecografía transfontanelar son factor pronóstico para déficit en el desarrollo motor grueso durante los 2 primeros años de vida en neonatos a término con diagnóstico de Encefalopatía Hipóxico Isquémica.(AU)


Objetive: Determine if the alterations in the transfontanelar ultrasound is a prognostic factor for motor development alterations during the first 2 years of life in term infants diagnosed with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, seen at the Las Mercedes Regional Hospital and the Almanzor Aguinaga National Hospital Asenjo, during the period 2015-2017. Material and methods: Analytical study, which included 43 infants with a history of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy who had transfontanel ultrasound taken in the first 7 days of life, from whom information was collected through clinical histories and interviews. The gross motor development at 2 years of age was evaluated by means of the "Thick Motor Function Assessment System" test. Results: Of the 43 participants, 29 (65.12%) presented ultrasonographic alterations and 14 (32.56%) had motor alterations. Of the 14 participants who had impaired gross motor function, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral edema were the most frequent, each affecting 6 infants (42.9%). The relationship between both variables (echographic findings and gross motor alterations) was statistically significant (95% CI, p <0.05). Conclusion: Alterations in transfontanel ultrasound are a prognostic factor for deficit in gross motor development during the first 2 years of life in term neonates with a diagnosis of Ischemic Hypoxic Encephalopathy.(AU)

14.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(1): 35-45, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043356

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Desarrollar y pilotar indicadores de calidad de la atención a neonatos con padecimientos relevantes en México (prematuridad, sepsis neonatal, asfixia perinatal e hipoxia intrauterina). Material y métodos: Se construyeron indicadores propios a partir de recomendaciones clave de las guías de práctica clínica nacionales e indicadores encontrados en repositorios internacionales. Previa búsqueda, selección y priorización, los indicadores fueron pilotados en dos hospitales. Se analizó la factibilidad de medición, fiabilidad (índice kappa) y utilidad para detectar problemas de calidad. Resultados: Se seleccionaron y pilotaron 23 indicadores; 12 eran compuestos. Del total, nueve fueron factibles y fiables. La calidad de la información en los hospitales fue diversa y frecuentemente deficiente, limitando tanto la factibilidad como la fiabilidad de los indicadores. Los niveles de cumplimiento identificaron oportunidades de mejora. Conclusiones: Se propone un set de nueve indicadores válidos, factibles, fiables y útiles para la monitorización de la calidad en la atención a neonatos patológicos.


Abstract Objective: Develop and pilot indicators of quality of care to neonates with relevant conditions in Mexico (prematurity, neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, and intrauterine hypoxia). Materials and methods: Own indicators were built based on key recommendations of national clinical practice guidelines and indicators found in international repositories. With previous search, selection and prioritization, the indicators were piloted within two hospitals. The feasibility of measuring, (kappa index) reliability and usefulness was analyzed to detect quality problems. Results: 23 indicators were selected and piloted, 12 are compounds, of the total, nine were feasible and reliable. The quality of the hospital's information was diverse and often poor, limiting both the feasibility and the reliability of the indicators. Improvement opportunities were identified thorough the compliance levels. Conclusions: A set of nine indicators valid, reliable, feasible and useful indicators is proposed in order to monitor the quality of care of pathological neonates.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Fetal Hypoxia/epidemiology , Neonatal Sepsis/epidemiology , Quality of Health Care , Infant, Premature , Pilot Projects , Reproducibility of Results , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Quality Improvement , Data Accuracy , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology
15.
Cambios rev. méd ; 17(2): 65-70, 28/12/2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1005243

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. La asfixia es causa de morbimortalidad neonatal, deja secuelas motoras y cognitivas. Las enfermeras atienden a recién nacidos desde el nacimiento, participan en su reanimación para evitar las implicancias que aquella conlleva. OBJETIVO. Evaluar conocimientos y práctica de reanimación neonatal de las enfermeras del Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, en enfermeras que firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se usó un cuestionario y lista de cotejo. RESULTADOS. El 22,9% de enfermeras obtuvieron más del 80% de respuestas correctas en el cuestionario, dentro de ellas el 22,6% con especialidad en Neonatología, el 50% en Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y sólo el 10% sin especialidad; el 16,7% de las enfermeras de la subunidad de Atención Inmediata, el 10% de Intermedios, y el 44% de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal aprobaron el cuestionario. Más de la mitad de las que alcanzaron el puntaje establecido estuvieron entre los 35 y 43 años de edad, y con tiempo de labor en el Servicio de Neonatología entre 0 y 5 años; todas las enfermeras que aprobaron tuvieron al menos una capacitación en reanimación neonatal. El puntaje promedio de conocimientos y práctica de reanimación fue de 19,5 puntos y 10,0 puntos respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN. Los conocimientos de reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal de las enfermeras fueron óptimos en casi la quinta parte de ellas mientras que la práctica fue sub óptima en todas.


INTRODUCTION. Asphyxia is a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, leaving motor and cognitive sequelae. Nurses attend to newborns from birth, participate in their resuscitation to avoid the implications that this entails. OBJECTIVE. WedxTo evaluate knowledge and practice of neonatal resuscitation of nurses of the Neonatology Service, Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive, cross-sectional study in nurses who signed informed consent. A questionnaire and checklist was used. RESULTS. 22,9% of nurses obtained more than 80% of correct answers in the questionnaire , among them 22,6% with specialty in neonatology, 50% in Neonatal Intensive Care and only 10% without specialty; 16,7% of nurses in the Immediate Care Sub-Unit, 10% of Intermedios, and 44% of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit approved the questionnaire. More than half of those who reached the established score were between 35 and 43 years old, and with work time in the Neonatology Service between 0 and 5 years; All the nurses who passed had at least one training in neonatal resuscitation. The average knowledge score and resuscitation practice was 19,5 and 10,0 points respectively. CONCLUSION. The knowledge of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of nurses was optimal in almost a fifth of them while the practice was sub optimal in all.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum , Resuscitation , Infant, Newborn , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Knowledge , Nursing Care
16.
Rev. inf. cient ; 97(5): 1020-1030, sep.-oct. 2018.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-74026

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el término asfixia perinatal es muy controvertido y su empleo requiere extremo cuidado por sus implicaciones éticas y legales. Las tres principales causas de muerte de recién nacidos en el mundo son las infecciones, la prematuridad y la asfixia perinatal, según datos de la OMS. Objetivo: realizar una actualización sobre los factores de riesgo maternos que influyen en la asfixia perinatal. Desarrollo: se revisaron fuentes nacionales e internacionales actuales sobre las diferentes causas de muerte asociadas a la asfixia neonatal; producidas por malformaciones congénitas, sepsis neonatal y la asfixia secundaria a afecciones placentarias y factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Se propone posible plan de acción tanto para nivel primario como secundario(AU)


Introduction: the term perinatal asphyxia is very controversial and its use requires extreme care due to its ethical and legal implications. The three main causes of death of newborns in the world are infections, prematurity and perinatal asphyxia, according to WHO data. Objective: to update the maternal risk factors that influence perinatal asphyxia. Development: current national and international sources on the different causes of death associated with neonatal asphyxia were reviewed; produced by congenital malformations, neonatal sepsis and asphyxia secondary to placental conditions and risk factors. Conclusions: A possible action plan is proposed for both primary and secondary levels(AU)


Introdução: o termo asfixia perinatal é muito controverso e seu uso requer extremo cuidado devido às suas implicações éticas e legais. As três principais causas de morte de recém-nascidos no mundo são infecções, prematuridade e asfixia perinatal, segundo dados da OMS. Objetivo: atualizar os fatores de risco maternos que influenciam a asfixia perinatal. Desenvolvimento: foram revisadas as atuais fontes nacionais e internacionais sobre as diferentes causas de morte associadas à asfixia neonatal; produzido por malformações congênitas, sepse neonatal e asfixia secundária a condições placentárias e fatores de risco. Conclusões: Um plano de ação possível é proposto para os níveis primário e secundário(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/mortality , Risk Factors
17.
Rev. inf. cient ; 97(5): i:1020-f:1030, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1005965

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el término asfixia perinatal es muy controvertido y su empleo requiere extremo cuidado por sus implicaciones éticas y legales. Las tres principales causas de muerte de recién nacidos en el mundo son las infecciones, la prematuridad y la asfixia perinatal, según datos de la OMS. Objetivo: realizar una actualización sobre los factores de riesgo maternos que influyen en la asfixia perinatal. Desarrollo: se revisaron fuentes nacionales e internacionales actuales sobre las diferentes causas de muerte asociadas a la asfixia neonatal; producidas por malformaciones congénitas, sepsis neonatal y la asfixia secundaria a afecciones placentarias y factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Se propone posible plan de acción tanto para nivel primario como secundario(AU)


Introduction: the term perinatal asphyxia is very controversial and its use requires extreme care due to its ethical and legal implications. The three main causes of death of newborns in the world are infections, prematurity and perinatal asphyxia, according to WHO data. Objective: to update the maternal risk factors that influence perinatal asphyxia. Development: current national and international sources on the different causes of death associated with neonatal asphyxia were reviewed; produced by congenital malformations, neonatal sepsis and asphyxia secondary to placental conditions and risk factors. Conclusions: A possible action plan is proposed for both primary and secondary levels(AU)


Introdução: o termo asfixia perinatal é muito controverso e seu uso requer extremo cuidado devido às suas implicações éticas e legais. As três principais causas de morte de recém-nascidos no mundo são infecções, prematuridade e asfixia perinatal, segundo dados da OMS. Objetivo: atualizar os fatores de risco maternos que influenciam a asfixia perinatal. Desenvolvimento: foram revisadas as atuais fontes nacionais e internacionais sobre as diferentes causas de morte associadas à asfixia neonatal; produzido por malformações congênitas, sepse neonatal e asfixia secundária a condições placentárias e fatores de risco. Conclusões: Um plano de ação possível é proposto para os níveis primário e secundário(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Asphyxia Neonatorum , Infant Mortality , Risk Factors
18.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; J. pediatr. (Rio J.);93(6): 576-584, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894071

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess the annual burden of early neonatal deaths associated with perinatal asphyxia in infants weighing ≥2500 g in Brazil from 2005 to 2010. Methods: The population study enrolled all live births of infants with birth weight ≥2500 g and without malformations who died up to six days after birth with perinatal asphyxia, defined as intrauterine hypoxia, asphyxia at birth, or meconium aspiration syndrome. The cause of death was written in any field of the death certificate, according to International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision (P20.0, P21.0, and P24.0). An active search was performed in 27 Brazilian federative units. The chi-squared test for trend was applied to analyze early neonatal mortality ratios associated with perinatal asphyxia by study year. Results: A total of 10,675 infants weighing ≥2500 g without malformations died within six days after birth with perinatal asphyxia. Deaths occurred in the first 24 h after birth in 71% of the infants. Meconium aspiration syndrome was reported in 4076 (38%) of these deaths. The asphyxia-specific early neonatal mortality ratio decreased from 0.81 in 2005 to 0.65 per 1000 live births in 2010 in Brazil (p < 0.001); the meconium aspiration syndrome-specific early neonatal mortality ratio remained between 0.20 and 0.29 per 1000 live births during the study period. Conclusions: Despite the decreasing rates in Brazil from 2005 to 2010, early neonatal mortality rates associated with perinatal asphyxia in infants in the better spectrum of birth weight and without congenital malformations are still high, and meconium aspiration syndrome plays a major role.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a taxa anual de óbitos neonatais precoces associados à asfixia perinatal em neonatos de peso ≥ 2.500 g no Brasil de 2005 a 2010. Métodos: A população do estudo envolveu todos os nascidos vivos de neonatos com peso ao nascer ≥ 2.500 g e sem malformações que morreram até seis dias após o nascimento por asfixia perinatal, definida como hipóxia intrauterina, asfixia no nascimento ou síndrome de aspiração de mecônio. A causa do óbito foi escrita em qualquer linha do atestado de óbito, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10a Revisão (P20.0, P21.0 e P24.0). Foi feita uma pesquisa ativa em 27 unidades federativas brasileiras. O teste qui-quadrado de tendência foi aplicado para analisar os índices de mortalidade neonatal associados a asfixia perinatal até o ano do estudo. Resultados: Morreram 10.675 neonatos com peso ≥ 2.500 g sem malformações até 0-6 dias após o nascimento por asfixia perinatal. Os óbitos ocorreram nas primeiras 24 horas após o nascimento em 71% dos neonatos. A síndrome de aspiração de mecônio foi relatada em 4.076 (38%) dos óbitos. O índice de mortalidade neonatal precoce relacionada à asfixia caiu de 0,81 em 2005 para 0,65 por 1.000 nascidos vivos em 2010 no Brasil (p < 0,001); o índice de mortalidade neonatal precoce relacionada a síndrome de aspiração de mecônio permaneceu entre 0,20-0,29 por 1.000 nascidos vivos durante o período do estudo. Conclusões: Apesar da redução nas taxas no Brasil de 2005 a 2010, as taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce associadas à asfixia perinatal em neonatos no melhor espectro de peso ao nascer e sem malformações congênitas ainda são altas e a síndrome de aspiração de mecônio desempenha um importante papel.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/mortality , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Perinatal Death/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Perinatal Mortality
19.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 35(2): 130-135, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-902836

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar características perinatais de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários medicos de 75 crianças com TEA, entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2015. Os critérios de inclusão foram o diagnóstico de TEA baseado no DSM-5 e o termo de consentimento assinado pelo responsável legal. O critério de exclusão foi ausência de todos os dados no prontuário médico. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade materna, prematuridade (idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas), baixo peso ao nascer (<2.500 g) e asfixia perinatal (Apgar menor que 7 no quinto minuto). Os dados foram avaliados por meio do teste de diferença entre as proporções (nível de significância de p<0,05). Resultados: Setenta e cinco pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. A idade materna variou de 21,4 a 38,6 anos (29,8±4,1 anos). O parto prematuro ocorreu em 14 (18,7%) pacientes, asfixia perinatal em 6 (8,0%) e baixo peso ao nascer em 32 (42,6%). As prevalências de prematuridade, asfixia perinatal e baixo peso ao nascer entre as crianças com TEA neste estudo foram maiores do que as prevalências gerais dessas condições entre todos os nascidos vivos em nosso país, região e estado, as quais são, respectivamente, 11,5, 2,3 e 8,5% no Brasil, 11,0; 2,2 e 8,5% na região Sul e 10,5, 2,0 e 8,4% no estado do Paraná. Conclusões: Nossos achados mostraram maior prevalência de prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e asfixia perinatal em crianças com TEA. Algumas limitações são o desenho retrospectivo do estudo e a amostra de pequeno tamanho. Grandes estudos prospectivos são necessários para esclarecer a possível associação entre intercorrências perinatais e TEA.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze perinatal features of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of 75 children with ASD, between January 2008 and January 2015. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of ASD based on DSM-5 criteria, and the informed consent form signed by the person who is legally responsible. The exclusion criterion was missing on the medical record. The variables analyzed were maternal age, prematurity (gestational age under 37 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g), and perinatal asphyxia (5th minute Apgar score <7). Data were analyzed using the difference between proportions test, being significant p<0.05. Results: Seventy-five patients were included. Maternal age ranged from 21.4 to 38.6 years (29.8±4.1 years). Premature birth occurred in 14 (18.7%) patients, perinatal asphyxia in 6 (8.0%), and low birth weight in 32 (42.6%) patients. The prevalence of prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal asphyxia among the children in our study was higher than the general prevalence of these conditions among all live births in our country, region, and state, which are, respectively, 11.5, 2.3, and 8.5% in Brazil; 11.0, 2.2, and 8.5% in Southern Brazil; and 10.5, 2.0, and 8.4% in the state of Paraná. Conclusions: Our findings show a higher prevalence of prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal asphyxia among children with ASD. Some limitations are the retrospective study design, and the small sample size. Large prospective studies are needed to clarify the possible association between perinatal complications and ASD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology
20.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);37(supl.1): 51-56, abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888510

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide and it generates high costs for health systems; however, it has modifiable risk factors. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with the development of perinatal asphyxia in newborns at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: Incident cases and concurrent controls were examined. Cases were defined as newborns with moderate to severe perinatal asphyxia who were older than or equal to 36 weeks of gestational age, needed advanced resuscitation and presented one of the following: early neurological disorders, multi-organ commitment or a sentinel event. The controls were newborns without asphyxia who were born one week apart from the case at the most and had a comparable gestational age. Patients with major congenital malformations and syndromes were excluded. Results: Fifty-six cases and 168 controls were examined. Premature placental abruption (OR=41.09; 95%CI: 4.61-366.56), labor with a prolonged expulsive phase (OR=31.76; 95%CI: 8.33-121.19), lack of oxytocin use (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.08 - 6.13) and mothers without a partner (OR=2.56; 95% CI: 1.21-5.41) were risk factors for the development of perinatal asphyxia in the study population. Social difficulties were found in a greater proportion among the mothers of cases. Conclusions: Proper control and monitoring of labor, development of a thorough partograph, and active searches are recommended to ensure that all pregnant women have adequate prenatal care with the provision of social support to reduce the frequency and negative impact of perinatal asphyxia.


Resumen Introducción: La asfixia perinatal constituye una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal en el mundo, tiene factores de riesgo modificables y genera altos costos para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de asfixia perinatal en recién nacidos en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos incidentes y controles concurrentes. Los casos se definieron como neonatos con asfixia perinatal moderada a grave, de edad de gestación mayor o igual a 36 semanas, que requirieron reanimación avanzada y presentaron, al menos, una de las siguientes condiciones: alteraciones neurológicas tempranas, falla orgánica múltiple o aparición de un evento centinela. Los controles se definieron como neonatos sin diagnóstico de asfixia, nacidos hasta con una semana de diferencia con respecto al caso y de edad de gestación comparable. Se excluyeron los pacientes con malformaciones congénitas mayores y síndromes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 56 casos y 168 controles. El desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta (odds ratio, OR=41,09; IC95% 4,61-366,56), un trabajo de parto con fase expulsiva prolongada (OR=31,76; IC95% 8,33-121,19), no usar oxitocina (OR=2,57; IC95% 1,08-6,13) y ser madre soltera (OR=2,56; IC95% 1,21-5,41) fueron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de asfixia perinatal en la población bajo estudio. En las madres de los casos se encontraron dificultades sociales en mayor proporción. Conclusiones: Se recomienda un control adecuado y una vigilancia apropiada del trabajo de parto, hacer un estricto partograma, y una búsqueda activa, de manera que cada mujer embarazada tenga un adecuado control prenatal y reciba apoyo social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia , Asphyxia Neonatorum/etiology , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Colombia
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