ABSTRACT
Introducción. El carcinoma de células escamosas es una patología relativamente frecuente en Paraguay, que debe ser diagnosticada y tratada a tiempo. La variedad sarcomatoide es un subtipo poco frecuente, pero mucho más agresivo que la presentación convencional, con altas tasas de recurrencia y metástasis linfática. La exposición previa a radiación es uno de los principales factores desencadenantes. Caso clínico. Paciente de 83 años con antecedente de radioterapia por carcinoma escamocelular del paladar blando, quien consultó por una masa en el borde lateral de la lengua que correspondió a un carcinoma escamocelular del subtipo sarcomatoide. Resultados. El paciente fue sometido a cirugía y quimioterapia, pero presentó recaída tumoral a los cuatro meses, sin aceptar una cirugía de rescate, optando por el tratamiento paliativo y falleciendo a los pocos meses. Conclusión. El examen exhaustivo de la cavidad oral en una primera consulta permite identificar lesiones en estadios tempranos y el tratamiento multidisciplinario temprano puede mejorar la supervivencia global. El pronóstico de estos pacientes en estadios avanzados es desalentador. Actualmente la cirugía microvascular es la mejor opción terapéutica, pero la hemiglosectomía sin reconstrucción sigue siendo una opción aceptable en nuestro medio, conociendo los altos costos de la primera y el requerimiento de un grupo mayor de especialistas, largos tiempos quirúrgicos y estancias hospitalarias.
Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma is a relatively common pathology in Paraguay, which must be diagnosed and treated on time. The sarcomatoid variety is a rare subtype, but much more aggressive than the conventional presentation, with high rates of recurrence and lymphatic metastasis. Previous exposure to radiation is one of the main triggering factors. Clinical case. An 83-year-old patient with a history of radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate, who consulted for a mass on the lateral edge of the tongue that corresponded to a squamous cell carcinoma of the sarcomatoid subtype. Results. The patient underwent surgery and chemotherapy, but had tumor relapse after four months, without accepting salvage surgery, opting for palliative treatment and dying a few months later. Conclusion. Exhaustive examination of the oral cavity in a first consultation allows lesions to be identified in early stages and early multidisciplinary treatment can improve overall survival. The prognosis of these patients in advanced stages is discouraging. Currently, microvascular surgery is the best therapeutic option, but hemiglossectomy without reconstruction continues to be an acceptable option in our environment, knowing the high costs of the former and the requirement for a larger group of specialists, long surgical times and hospital stays.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tongue Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Radiotherapy , Sarcoma , Carcinosarcoma , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
Objetivo: La histoplasmosis es una infección fúngica sistémica prevalente en la región del Río de la Plata. Puede exhibir manifestaciones orales, cutáneas y/o sistémicas. Las lesiones bucales significan un desafío diagnóstico debido a su semejanza clínica con el carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar una serie de casos de histoplasmosis oral enfatizando la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial clínico con el COCE. Casos clínicos: Se describen casos de histoplasmosis oral diagnosticados en los últimos 5 años en la Cátedra de Estomatología "A" de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. En forma paralela, se realizó una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 10 años. Los casos corresponden a 9 pacientes, 6 varones y 3 mujeres, cuya edad promedio fue de 58,6 años. 4 pacientes eran VIH positivos. Se planteó la sospecha de COCE en 5 pacientes, cuya presentación clínica intraoral consistía en úlceras o lesiones ulcerovegetantes, mayormente únicas, ubicadas en la encía. La revisión bibliográfica arrojó un resultado de 48 artículos que incluyeron 60 casos de histoplasmosis oral, con una prevalencia mayor en hombres y similitudes clínicas con COCE en el 80% de los casos. La lesión más predominante fue la úlcera en el 85% de los casos, ubicada en lengua, seguido por el paladar. El diagnóstico de histoplasmosis oral es desafiante y requiere un amplio diferencial, ya que se asemeja a múltiples patologías, debiendo ser considerada ante lesiones ulcerativas orales. Un diagnóstico preciso, de manera interdisciplinaria, es esencial para un tratamiento efectivo.(AU)
Aim: Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection prevalent in the Río de la Plata region. It could present oral, cutaneous and/or systemic manifestations. Oral lesions represent a diagnostic challenge due to their clinical similarity to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this work is to present a case series of oral histoplasmosis emphasizing the importance of clinical differential diagnosis with OSCC. Clinical cases: Cases of oral histoplasmosis diagnosed in the last 5 years in the Oral Medicine Department "A" of the Facultad de Odontología of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina are discribed. Alongside, a literature review of the last 10 years was carried out. 9 patients are described, 6 men and 3 women, whose average age was 58.6 years. 4 patients were HIV positive. The suspicion of OSCC was raised in 5 patients, whose intraoral clinical presentation consisted of single ulcers or vegetating ulcers, mostly single, located in the gingiva. The literature review included a total of 48 articles with 60 cases of oral histoplasmosis, with a higher prevalence in men and clinical similarities with OSCC in 80% of cases. The most predominant lesion was the ulcer in 85% of the cases, mostly located on the tongue, followed by the palate. The diagnosis of oral histoplasmosis is challenging and requires a wide differential, since it can mimic multiple pathologies, and should be considered in oral ulcerative lesions. An accurate diagnosis, in an interdisciplinary framework, is essential for effective treatment.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeza y cuello, es una malignidad rara en la población pediátrica. Su incidencia ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas y los principales factores de riesgo descritos son inmunosupresión y transmisión vertical del virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Presentación del caso: presentamos a un paciente masculino de 14 años con historia de 2 años de disfonía intermitente que luego progreso a estridor laríngeo por lo cual se le realizo traqueostomía con micro laringoscopia directa, donde se evidenció una lesión de aspecto verrucoso y bordes irregulares comprometiendo hemilaringe derecha y paralizándola. Se le toma biopsia y se reporta carcinoma de células escamosas moderadamente invasor (p16 positivo). Luego de evaluación multidisciplinaria, tratándose de una enfermedad localmente avanzada, se decide tratamiento con quimio radioterapia definitiva con intención de preservación orgánica. Conclusión: debido a lo poco común del cáncer de laringe en la población pediátrica y la poca evidencia que hay en cuanto a opciones de tratamiento, limita nuestro conocimiento de esta patología solo a reporte de casos y revisiones de la literatura. consideramos necesario realizar este reporte de caso para agregar información sobre esta patología poco común (provisto por Infomedic International)
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Its incidence has been increasing in the last decades and the main risk factors described are immunosuppression and vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV). Case presentation: we present a 14-year-old male patient with a 2-year history of intermittent dysphonia that later progressed to laryngeal stridor, for which he underwent tracheostomy with direct micro laryngoscopy, where a lesion of verrucous aspect and irregular borders was evidenced, compromising the right hemilaringeal region and paralyzing it. A biopsy was taken and a moderately invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p16 positive) was reported. After multidisciplinary evaluation, being a locally advanced disease, it was decided to treat with definitive chemo-radiotherapy with the intention of organ preservation. Conclusion: due to the rarity of laryngeal cancer in the pediatric population and the lack of evidence regarding treatment options, our knowledge of this pathology is limited to case reports and literature reviews. We consider it necessary to make this case report to add information on this uncommon pathology. (provided by Infomedic International)
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap (RSFF) versus medial plantar flap (MPF) in the treatment of skin defects after excision of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the heel. The research participants were 80 SCC patients admitted to Lishui People's Hospital between January 2019 and April 2022, who were assigned to RSFF group (n=37) and MPF group (n=43) according to the flap type. After a one-year follow-up, the survival, flap necrosis and ulceration, as well as pain and tactile sensation recovery of both groups were counted. At the last follow-up, the clinical response was evaluated, and Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36) and appearance satisfaction surveys were conducted. No patients died in either group, and one patient in each group developed flap necrosis. The MPF group had better sensory recovery and a lower incidence of flap ulceration (P0.05). The cosmetic satisfaction was higher in MPF group than in RSFF group (P<0.05). MPF contributes to beautiful appearance, better sensory recovery, and low risk of long-term ulceration, while RSFF is suitable for lesions with large defects or those located at the lateral heel.
El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las ventajas y desventajas del colgajo fasciocutáneo sural inverso (RSFF) versus el colgajo plantar medial (MPF) en el tratamiento de defectos de la piel después de la escisión de un carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) del talón. Los participantes de la investigación fueron 80 pacientes con CCE ingresados en el Hospital Popular de Lishui entre enero de 2019 y abril de 2022, que fueron asignados al grupo RSFF (n=37) y al grupo MPF (n=43) según el tipo de colgajo. Después de un año de seguimiento, se observó la supervivencia, la necrosis y ulceración del colgajo, así como la recuperación del dolor y la sensación táctil de ambos grupos. En el último seguimiento, se evaluó la respuesta clínica y se realizaron encuestas de salud de formato corto de 36 ítems (SF-36) y encuestas de satisfacción. Ningún paciente falleció en ninguno de los grupos y un paciente de cada grupo desarrolló necrosis del colgajo. El grupo MPF tuvo una mejor recuperación sensorial y una menor incidencia de ulceración del colgajo (P 0,05). La satisfacción cosmética fue mayor en el grupo MPF que en el grupo RSFF (P<0,05). MPF contribuye a una mejor apariencia, mejor recuperación sensorial y un bajo riesgo de ulceración a largo plazo, mientras que RSFF es adecuado para lesiones con defectos grandes o localizados en la parte lateral del talón.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Patient Satisfaction , Graft SurvivalABSTRACT
Introdução: A detecção precoce de lesões malignas na cavidade oral é crucial para a prevenção do câncer oral. Cirurgiões-dentistas desempenham um papel vital ao compreender os fatores de risco do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) a fim de facilitar essa prevenção. No entanto, a identificação do câncer bucal é complexa, sendo a falta de capacitação um obstáculo para diagnósticos oportunos. Objetivo: Este estudo visa apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento do CEC a estudantes e profissionais da área. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca de artigos científicos publicados entre 2015 e 2023 nas bases de dados SciELO, Pubmed e ScienceDirect. As palavras-chave foram escolhidas com base nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), abrangendo "Neoplasias Bucais" e "Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas". Resultados: Foram identificados 502 documentos. Após critérios de exclusão, 26 artigos científicos originais relacionados ao tema foram considerados elegíveis. Conclusão: O papel do cirurgião-dentista é essencial na prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer oral, exigindo total atualização sobre os fatores de risco para um desempenho eficaz.
Introduction: Early detection of malignant lesions in the oral cavity is crucial for the prevention of oral cancer. Surgeons-dentists play a vital role in understanding the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to facilitate this prevention. However, the identification of oral cancer is complex, being the lack of training an obstacle for timely diagnoses. Objective: This study aims to present, through a literature review, the risk factors associated with the development of CEC to students and professionals of the area. Materials and methods: A search was carried out for scientific articles published between 2015 and 2023 in the SciELO, Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords were chosen based on the Describers in Health Sciences (DeCS), encompassing "Buccal Neoplasms" and "Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Results: Foram identified 502 documents. After exclusion criteria, 26 original scientific articles related to the topic were considered eligible. Conclusion: The role of dental surgery is essential in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer, requiring full updating on risk factors for effective performance.
Subject(s)
Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Risk Factors , Early Detection of CancerABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. SPRY2 has been reported to exert promoting effects in human cancers, which controls signal pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPKs. However, the expression of SPRY2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed role of SPRY2 in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and ERK/AKT signaling pathway in ESCC. It was identified that the expression level of SPRY2 in ESCC was remarkably decreased compared with normal tissues, and it was related to clinicopathologic features and prognosis ESCC patients. The upregulation of SPRY2 expression notably inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca-109 cells. In addition, the activity of ERK /AKT signaling was also suppressed by the SPRY2 upregulation in Eca-109 cells. Our study suggests that overexpression of SPRY2 suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasion of by through suppression of the ERK/AKT signaling pathways in ESCC. Therefore, SPRY2 may be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
El cáncer de esófago es uno de los cánceres gastrointestinales más agresivos. La invasión y la metástasis son las principales causas de mal pronóstico del cáncer de esófago. Se ha informado que SPRY2 ejerce efectos promotores en los cánceres humanos, que controla las vías de señales, incluidas PI3K/AKT y MAPK. Sin embargo, la expresión de SPRY2 en el carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago (ESCC) y su mecanismo subyacente aún no están claros. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue investigar el papel detallado de SPRY2 en la regulación de la proliferación celular, la invasión y la vía de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Se identificó que el nivel de expresión de SPRY2 en ESCC estaba notablemente disminuido en comparación con los tejidos normales, y estaba relacionado con las características clínico-patológicas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con ESCC. La regulación positiva de la expresión de SPRY2 inhibió notablemente la proliferación, migración e invasión de células Eca-109. Además, la actividad de la señalización de ERK/AKT también fue suprimida por la regulación positiva de SPRY2 en las células Eca-109. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la sobreexpresión de SPRY2 suprime la proliferación y la invasión de células cancerosas mediante la supresión de las vías de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Por lo tanto, SPRY2 puede ser un marcador de pronóstico prometedor y un objetivo terapéutico para la ESCC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor , Blotting, Western , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases , Cell Proliferation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktABSTRACT
Novos fármacos, como a artemisinina (ART), podem ser promissores no tratamento de lesões potencialmente malignas (LPM) e podem ser úteis quando usados em associação com outros quimioterápicos, especialmente na redução dos seus efeitos colaterais. A leucoplasia oral (LO) é a LPM mais comum da cavidade bucal e, pode evoluir para um carcinoma de células escamosas oral (CCEO). Não há terapia para evitar a sua transformação maligna, a quimioprevenção pode iniciar a morte celular imunogênica (MCI) que ativa o sistema imunológico para que reconheça e elimine as células malignas ou pré-malignas, sendo um potencial tratamento para as LPM. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se a ART e a cisplatina (CSP) associadas ou não seriam capazes de induzir a MCI em linhagens celulares de LO (DOK) e CCEO SCC180). Material e métodos: As linhagens celulares HaCat (controle), DOK e SCC-180 foram tratadas por ART e CSP de forma combinada ou isolada, a fim de analisar a citotoxicidade e a genotoxicidade destes fármacos, além da capacidade destes em reduzir a migração celular e, se os compostos seriam capazes de induzir a expressão da proteína box de alta mobilidade (HGMB-1), caspase 3, 8, 9, e Calreticulina (CALR). Resultados: Em todas as linhagens celulares a CSP e CSP+ART causaram uma resposta dose dependente, apresentando maior citotoxicidade com doses mais altas, o que não foi observado com a ART. A formação de micronúcleos não foi observada no teste de genotoxicidade. A taxa de migração foi reduzida com as concentrações de IC50 de CSP e ART+CSP para as células de CCEO. Não foram encontradas expressões significativas de proteínas relacionadas à MCI ou apoptose nas linhagens de LO e CCEO, tratadas com ART, CSP ou ART+CSP, indicando que outro tipo de morte celular possa ter ocorrido. Conclusão: A MCI e a apoptose não foram evidenciadas como forma de morte celular após as linhagens de LO e CCEO receberem tratamentos com ART, CSP e a associação de ambas. Efeitos genotóxicos não foram observados nas doses testadas. O tratamento de CSP e ART+CSP foi capaz de reduzir a migração de células de CCEO. Também concluímos que novos estudos são necessários para elucidar se a ART e CSP podem ocasionar a MCI ou apoptose em linhagens celulares de LO e CCEO (AU)
New drugs, such as artemisinin (ART), may be promising in the treatment of potentially malignant lesions (PML) and may be useful when used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs, especially in reducing their side effects. Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common LPM of the oral cavity and can progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). There is no therapy to prevent its malignant transformation, chemoprevention can initiate immunogenic cell death (ICM) that activates the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant or pre-malignant cells, being a potential treatment for LPM. The present study aimed to evaluate whether or not ART and cisplatin (CSP) combined would be capable of inducing MCI in LO (DOK) and CCEO SCC-180) cell lines. Material and methods: HaCat (control), DOK and SCC-180 cell lines were treated by ART and CSP in combination or alone, in order to analyze the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these drugs, in addition to their ability to reduce cell and, whether the compounds would be able to induce the expression of high mobility box protein (HGMB-1), caspase 3, 8, 9, and Calreticulin (CALR). Results: In cytotoxicity at higher doses, which was not observed with ART. The formation of micronuclei was not observed in the genotoxicity test. The migration rate was reduced with the IC50 concentrations of CSP and ART+CSP for OSCC cells. No significant expressions of proteins related to MCI or apoptosis were found in the LO and CCEO lines, treated with ART, CSP or ART+CSP, indicating that another type of cell death may have occurred. Conclusion: MCI and apoptosis were not evidenced as a form of cell death after the LO and CCEO lines received treatments with ART, CSP and the combination of both. Genotoxic effects were not observed at the doses tested. CSP and ART+CSP treatment was able to reduce OSCC cell migration. We also conclude that new studies are necessary to elucidate whether ART and CSP can cause MCI or apoptosis in LO and CCEO cell lines.(AU)
Subject(s)
Leukoplakia, Oral , Immunomodulation , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Immunogenic Cell Death , Antigen-Presenting CellsABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (QVRSB) de indivíduos com Anemia de Fanconi (AF) e sua associação com alterações bucais. O estudo avaliou de forma transversal 35 indivíduos diagnósticados com AF em dois centros de referência no Brasil: HC-UFMG (n=13) e HC-UFPR (n=22). Os participantes foram submetidos a exame completo dentário, periodontal e da mucosa oral, além de avaliação do fluxo salivar não estimulado. A versão curta do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) foi aplicada. A média de idade dos indivíduos foi 18 anos (variação: 7-42 anos) e 57,1% eram do sexo masculino. A maior parte dos pacientes (68,6%) foram submetidos ao transplante hematopoiético de células tronco (THCT) e apresentavam alterações esqueléticas unilateral em membros superiores (60%). Em cavidade bucal, as principais alterações foram desordens orais potencialmente malignas (DOPM) (51,4%), dentes cariados (57,2%), gengivite (37,1%) e higiene bucal precária. A mediana da pontuação geral do OHIP-14 foi de 6,0 (variação: 047), com pontuações mais altas observadas nos domínios dor física e desconforto psicológico. Indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram uma pontuação geral no OHIP-14 1,95 vezes maior, embora não significativamente estatístico, em comparação aos indivíduos do sexo masculino (IC 95%: 0,993,84; p=0,05). Indivíduos com DOPM apresentaram uma pontuação geral no OHIP-14 1,83 vezes maior do que aqueles sem DOPM (IC 95%: 1,023,28; p=0,04), enquanto o menor fluxo salivar foi associado com maiores pontuações gerais no OHIP-14 (IC 95%: 0,140,84; p=0,01). Em conjunto, os dados deste trabalho apontam a necessidade de vigilância rigorosa de pacientes com AF, mesmo na ausência de DOPM, para detecção precoce de CCEO e redução da mortalidade, além da importância de priorizar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes na implementação de protocolos clínicos de tratamento na população com AF.
The present study aims to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals with Fanconi Anemia (FA) and its association with oral changes. The study cross-sectionally evaluated 35 individuals diagnosed with FA in two referral centers in Brazil: HC-UFMG (n=13) and HC-UFPR (n=22). Participants underwent a complete dental, periodontal and oral mucosa examination, in addition to evaluation of unstimulated salivary flow. The short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14) was administered. The average age of the individuals was 18 years (range: 7-42 years) and 57.1% were male. Most patients (68.6%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and presented unilateral skeletal changes in the upper limbs (60%). In the oral cavity, the main changes were malignant environmental oral disorders (OPMD) (51.4%), decayed teeth (57.2%), gingivitis (37.1%) and poor oral hygiene. The median overall OHIP-14 rating was 6.0 (range: 0 47), with higher scores observed in the domains of physical pain and psychological discomfort. Individuals without oral loss presented as OPMD were 0.54 times more likely to have obtained lower overall scores on the OHIP-14 (95% CI: 0.300.97; p=0.04). Individuals with low salivary flow had higher overall OHIP-14 results (95% CI: 0.140.84; p=0.01). Female individuals with OPMD and reduced salivary flow were more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL. Furthermore, these individuals had high rates of oral changes and poor oral hygiene. Taken together, the data from this work point to the need for rigorous surveillance of patients with FA, even in the absence of OPMD, for early detection of OSCC and reduction of mortality, in addition to the importance of prioritizing patients' quality of life when implementing protocols treatment clinics in the FA population.
Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Oral Health , Fanconi Anemia , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Mouth MucosaABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 45 años con úlcera en paladar de 10 días de evolución. El paciente era consumidor de alcohol y tenía antecedentes de consumo de cocaína desde hacía 17 años, discontinuada durante los últimos 7 años. Se realizó biopsia incisional y los cortes histológicos revelaron una extensa área ulcerada recubierta por una membrana fibrinopurulenta, con pequeños nidos de células escamosas que presentaban citoplasma eosinófilo, núcleos evidentes y en ocasiones múltiples, leve atipia celular y varias figuras mitóticas. Las características clínicas e histológicas indicaron el diagnostico de Sialometaplasia Necrotizante y el paciente fue sometido a seguimiento clínico. En la tercera semana de seguimiento se hizo evidente la remisión de la lesión. Destacamos la importancia del examen histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico en el correcto diagnóstico.
Relatamos o caso de um homem de 45 anos com úlcera no palato há 10 dias. O paciente era usuário de álcool e tinha história de uso de cocaína há 17 anos, interrompida há 7 anos. Foi realizada biópsia incisional e os cortes histológicos revelaram extensa área ulcerada recoberta por membrana fibrinopurulenta, com pequenos ninhos de células escamosas que apresentavam citoplasma eosinofílico, núcleos evidentes e por vezes múltiplos, atipias celulares leves e diversas figuras mitóticas. As características clínicas e histológicas indicaram o diagnóstico de Sialometaplasia Necrotizante e o paciente foi submetido a acompanhamento clínico. Na terceira semana de acompanhamento, a remissão da lesão tornou-se evidente. Ressaltamos a importância do exame histopatológico e imunohistoquímico no correto diagnóstico.
We report a case of a 45-year-old man with a palate ulcer for 10 days. The patient was an alcohol user and had a history of using cocaine for 17 years, discontinued for the last 7 years. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histological sections revealed an extensive ulcerated area covered by a fibrinopurulent membrane, with small nests of squamous cells in the connective tissue. These squamous cells exhibited eosinophilic cytoplasm, evident and sometimes multiple nuclei, mild cellular atypia, and several mitotic figures. The clinical and histological characteristics indicated a Necrotizing Sialometaplasia diagnosis, and the patient underwent clinical follow-up. In the third week of follow-up, remission of the lesion became apparent. We emphasize the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in the correct diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo Describir el desarrollo de un carcinoma oral de células escamosas, en el que la irritación mecánica crónica aparenta tomar un rol protagonista en la carcinogénesis. Caso clínico Un paciente de 41 años de edad, argentino, con antecedentes de fisura labio alvéolo palatina, diabetes mellitus, convulsiones, consumo de cocaína y marihuana, enolismo crónico y tabaquismo, acude al Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Central de Mendoza para la evaluación de una úlcera dolorosa en el dorso de su lengua, de varias semanas de evolución, en íntima relación con un primer premolar superior derecho y una pieza supernumeraria. Se realizó una biopsia y de la anatomía patológica resultó el diagnóstico de carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Se ofreció al paciente posibles tratamientos que rechazó, por lo que se inició terapia paliativa y sintomática. Al avanzar su mal estado general, falleció por complicaciones relacionadas a la deglución. Si bien no está definido el rol de la irritación mecánica crónica en la etiología de la carcinogénesis, ejerce un efecto promotor del daño causado por el tabaco y el alcohol. Si bien el paciente era fumador y bebía alcohol, se puede observar que desarrolló un carcinoma de células escamosas en evidente relación a un trauma crónico, ya que la lesión en la cara dorsal de lengua está en íntimo contacto con el factor irritante. Aun así, la evidencia actual disponible es limitada y discute el protagonismo del trauma crónico por lo que se necesitan más estudios para evaluar y definir la posible relación causal de la irritación mecánica crónica en la carcinogénesis.
Abstract Aim To describe the development of an oral squamous cell carcinoma, in which chronic mechanical irritation appears to play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Clinical case A 41-year-old patient, from Argentina, with a history of cleft lip and palate, diabetes mellitus, seizures, cocaine and cannabis use, chronic alcoholism and smoking, comes to the Dentistry Service of the Central Hospital for the evaluation of a painful ulcer on the dorsum of the tongue, which had been developing for several weeks, in close relation to an upper right first premolar and a supernumerary tooth. A biopsy was performed, and the pathological anatomy resulted in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Possible treatments were offered to the patient, which he rejected, so palliative and symptomatic therapy was initiated instead. As his poor general condition progressed, he died due to complications related to swallowing. Although the role of chronic mechanical irritation in the development of carcinogenesis is not yet fully defined, it has been shown to have a promoting effect on the damage caused by tobacco and alcohol. Although the patient was a smoker and drank alcohol, it can be observed that he developed a squamous cell carcinoma in obvious relation to a chronic trauma, since the lesion develops on the dorsal face of the tongue in close contact with the irritant factor. Still, the current evidence available is limited and discusses the role of chronic trauma, so more studies are needed to evaluate and define the possible causal relationship of chronic mechanical irritation in the development of carcinogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo de un carcinoma oral de células escamosas, en el que la irritación mecánica crónica aparenta tomar un rol protagonista en la carcinogénesis. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 41 años de edad, argen- tino, con antecedentes de fisura labio alvéolo palatina, diabe- tes mellitus, convulsiones, consumo de cocaína y marihuana, enolismo crónico y tabaquismo, acude al Servicio de Odonto- logía del Hospital Central de Mendoza para la evaluación de una úlcera dolorosa en el dorso de su lengua, de varias sema- nas de evolución, en íntima relación con un primer premolar superior derecho y una pieza supernumeraria. Se realizó una biopsia y de la anatomía patológica resultó el diagnóstico de carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Se ofreció al paciente posibles tratamientos que rechazó, por lo que se inició terapia paliativa y sintomática. Al avanzar su mal estado general, fa- lleció por complicaciones relacionadas a la deglución. Si bien no está definido el rol de la irritación mecánica crónica en la etiología de la carcinogénesis, ejerce un efecto promotor del daño causado por el tabaco y el alcohol. Si bien el paciente era fumador y bebía alcohol, se puede observar que desarrolló un carcinoma de células escamosas en evidente relación a un trauma crónico, ya que la lesión en la cara dorsal de lengua está en íntimo contacto con el factor irritante. Aun así, la evi- dencia actual disponible es limitada y discute el protagonismo del trauma crónico por lo que se necesitan más estudios para evaluar y definir la posible relación causal de la irritación me- cánica crónica en la carcinogénesis (AU)
Aim: To describe the development of an oral squamous cell carcinoma, in which chronic mechanical irritation ap- pears to play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Clinical case: A 41-year-old patient, from Argenti- na, with a history of cleft lip and palate, diabetes mellitus, seizures, cocaine and cannabis use, chronic alcoholism and smoking, comes to the Dentistry Service of the Central Hospi- tal for the evaluation of a painful ulcer on the dorsum of the tongue, which had been developing for several weeks, in close relation to an upper right first premolar and a supernumerary tooth. A biopsy was performed, and the pathological anatomy resulted in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Possible treatments were offered to the patient, which he re- jected, so palliative and symptomatic therapy was initiated instead. As his poor general condition progressed, he died due to complications related to swallowing. Although the role of chronic mechanical irritation in the development of carcino- genesis is not yet fully defined, it has been shown to have a promoting effect on the damage caused by tobacco and alco- hol. Although the patient was a smoker and drank alcohol, it can be observed that he developed a squamous cell carcinoma in obvious relation to a chronic trauma, since the lesion devel- ops on the dorsal face of the tongue in close contact with the irritant factor. Still, the current evidence available is limited and discusses the role of chronic trauma, so more studies are needed to evaluate and define the possible causal relation- ship of chronic mechanical irritation in the development of carcinogenesis (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tongue/injuries , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Argentina , Wounds and Injuries , Chronic Disease , Risk Factors , Dental Service, HospitalABSTRACT
El cáncer oral representa un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial debido a su importante morbilidad y mortalidad. Ocupa la sexta causa de muerte por cáncer y tienen una supervivencia mundial a cinco años cercana a 50%, en gran parte debido a la falta de su reconocimiento en estadios iniciales por parte de los pacientes y de los mismos profesionales de la salud, lo que ocasiona un grave retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 64 años de edad con úlceras de larga evolución en la cavidad oral y quien acude a múltiples profesionales de salud sin ser diagnosticada en las fases iniciales de la enfermedad; acude a la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala en donde se diagnostica carcinoma oral de células escamosas en el maxilar. En el presente artículo se hace énfasis en el reconocimiento de signos clínicos y factores precipitantes que puedan generar sospecha de un crecimiento maligno y así concientizar a los profesionales de la salud para promover la prevención (AU)
Oral cancer represents a serious health problem worldwide due to its significant morbidity and mortality, it is the sixth leading cause of cancer death and has a global 5-year survival rate of 50%, largely due to the lack of recognition in early stages by patients and health professionals themselves, which causes a serious delay in diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with long-standing ulcers in the oral cavity who went to multiple health professionals without being diagnosed in the initial stages of the disease. She went to the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala where oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the maxilla was diagnosed. This article emphasizes the recognition of clinical signs and precipitating factors that may generate suspicion of malignant growth and thus raise awareness among health professionals to promote prevention (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Palatal Neoplasms , Schools, Dental , Signs and Symptoms , Causality , Oral Ulcer , MexicoABSTRACT
SUMMARY: This study is to investigate the effect of survivin down-regulation by Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy on the apoptosis and radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. ECA109 and KYSE150 cells were transfected with Egr1-survivin shRNA, and then treated with radiotherapy. After 24 h, the mRNA and protein levels of Egr1-survivin were detected by qPCR and Western-Blot. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot also detected levels of cleavaged Caspase 3 and Caspase 9. YM155 was used as a positive control to inhibit survivin expression. The levels of survivin mRNA and protein in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells treated with Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy were significantly lower than those of the blank control group, the empty vector control group, and, the YM155 + radiotherapy group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, after survivin down-regulation, the ratio of G2 to S phase of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells increased significantly, leading to significant G2 and S phase arrest. Additionally, apoptosis of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells increased significantly (P <0.01). Further, protein levels of cleavaged Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 significantly increased in Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy group. Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy can down-regulate survivin expression, which further increases the apoptosis, and enhances the radiosensitivity of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de la regulación negativa de survivina por el shRNA de Egr1-survivina combinado con radioterapia sobre la apoptosis y la radiosensibilidad del carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago Células ECA109 y KYSE150. Las células ECA109 y KYSE150 se transfectaron con shRNA de survivina Egr1 y luego se trataron con radioterapia. Después de 24 h, los niveles de ARNm y proteína de Egr1-survivina se detectaron mediante qPCR y Western-Blot. El ciclo celular y la apoptosis se detectaron mediante citometría de flujo. La transferencia Western también detectó niveles de Caspasa 3 y Caspasa 9 escindidas. Se usó YM155 como control positivo para inhibir la expresión de survivina. Los niveles de ARNm y proteína de survivina en células ECA109 y KYSE150 tratadas con shRNA de survivina Egr1 combinado con radioterapia fueron significativamente más bajos que los del grupo control en blanco, el grupo control de vector vacío y el grupo de radioterapia YM155 + (P <0,05). Mientras tanto, después de la regulación negativa de survivina, la proporción entre las fases G2 y S de las células ECA109 y KYSE150 aumentó significativamente, lo que llevó a una detención significativa de las fases G2 y S. Además, la apoptosis de las células ECA109 y KYSE150 aumentó significativamente (P <0,01). Además, los niveles de proteína de Caspasa 3 y Caspasa 9 escindidas aumentaron significativamente en el shRNA de Egr1- survivina combinado con el grupo de radioterapia. El shRNA de survivina de Egr1 combinado con radioterapia puede regular negativamente la expresión de survivina, lo que aumenta aún más la apoptosis y mejora la radiosensibilidad de las células ECA109 y KYSE150.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy , Survivin , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/therapy , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents , Radiation Tolerance , RNA, Messenger , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Transfection , Down-Regulation , Blotting, Western , Apoptosis , Combined Modality Therapy , RNA, Small Interfering , Cell Line, Tumor/radiation effects , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Caspase 3 , Caspase 9 , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Flow Cytometry , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas é o tumor maligno mais frequente dos lábios e acomete principalmente o lábio inferior. O tratamento adequado desta neoplasia deve ser precoce e radical, pois metástases podem ocorrer. Considerando que os lábios têm extrema relevância na dinâmica e motricidade da face, a reconstrução labial após grandes ressecções nesta região é um desafio para o cirurgião na busca de bons resultados estéticos e funcionais. Este estudo busca apresentar uma técnica já consagrada e confiável para a reconstrução do lábio inferior após ressecções tumorais, o retalho de Karapandizic. Método: Nesta revisão de casos são avaliados, retrospectivamente, 4 pacientes que tiveram o lábio inferior reconstruído por meio da técnica de Karapandzic no período de 2013-2022. Resultados: As complicações mais frequentemente observadas foram cicatriz hipertrófica, deiscência de sutura em vermelhão de lábio e microstomia (redução da abertura oral). A redução da fenda labial (microstomia) foi corrigida parcialmente através do uso de órteses odontológicas, não havendo necessidade de indicação de comissuroplastia em nenhum dos casos. Outra colaboração deste trabalho refere-se à utilização do ecoDoppler colorido pré-operatório, que permite o planejamento do retalho verificando a viabilidade do pedículo vascular e o real posicionamento deste pedículo, reduzindo as chances de lesão inadvertida dos vasos durante a cirurgia. Conclusão: Mesmo sendo a microstomia uma limitação deste retalho, concluímos que esta técnica atende à necessidade de reconstrução de lábio inferior em grandes ressecções, uma vez que é capaz de proporcionar resultados satisfatórios em termos oncológicos, funcionais e estéticos.
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the lips and mainly affects the lower lip. Adequate treatment of this neoplasm must be early and radical, as metastases can occur. Considering that the lips are extremely important in the dynamics and motricity of the face, lip reconstruction after major resections in this region is a challenge for the surgeon in the search for good aesthetic and functional results. This study seeks to present an already established and reliable technique for reconstructing the lower lip after tumor resection, the Karapandizic flap. Method: In this case review, 4 patients with lower lips reconstructed using the Karapandzic technique in 2013-2022 are retrospectively evaluated. Results: The most frequently observed complications were hypertrophic scar, lip vermilion suture dehiscence, and microstomia (reduction of oral opening). The cleft lip (microstomia) reduction was partially corrected through dental orthoses, with no need for commissuroplasty in any of the cases. Another contribution of this work is the use of preoperative color echoDoppler, which allows flap planning by checking the viability of the vascular pedicle and the actual positioning of this pedicle, reducing the chances of inadvertent injury to the vessels during surgery. Conclusion: Even though microstomy is a limitation of this flap, we conclude that this technique meets the need for lower lip reconstruction in large resections, as it can provide satisfactory results in oncological, functional, and aesthetic terms.
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A Queilite Actínica (QA), também conhecida como "lábios de marinheiro", é uma patologia com potencial de malignização e, ainda que seja de fácil diagnóstico e prevenção, casos diagnosticados tardiamente podem evoluir para carcinoma de lábios. Seu principal fator etiológico é a exposição aos raios ultravioletas, e por este motivo, indivíduos que se expõem muito ao sol, incluindo militares, podem ser considerados grupo de risco para a doença. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi descrever os principais fatores de risco e prognósticos da QA e apresentar uma revisão para o cirurgião-dentista, facilitando a identificação e conduta. Para tal, foi realizada busca de artigos pertinentes ao tema nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed, de 1987 a 2022. O seguinte perfil do paciente com QA foi identificado: homem, na quinta década de vida, pele clara, com lesões no lábio inferior e com histórico de longo tempo de atividades ocupacionais ao ar livre/intensa exposição solar. O cirurgião-dentista possui papel fundamental na identificação dos grupos de risco, no reconhecimento precoce da doença e, em casos mais avançados, realizar o diagnóstico e o correto encaminhamento para atendimento especializado.
Actinic Cheilitis (AC), also known as "sailor's lips", is a premalignant pathology, and although it is easy to diagnose and prevent, late diagnosed cases may progress to lip carcinoma. Since its main etiological factor is exposure to ultraviolet rays, individuals often exposed to the sun, including military personnel, can be considered a risk group for the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the main risk and prognostic factors of AC and to create a clinical protocol for dental surgeons, making easier to identify and conduct each case. For this purpose, a search for articles relevant to the topic was carried out in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PubMed databases, from 1987 to 2022. The following AC patient profile was identified: male, in the fifth decade of life, fair skinned, with lesions on the lower lip and with a long history of outdoor occupational activities/intense sun exposure. The dentist has a fundamental role in identifying risk groups, early recognition of the disease and in more advanced cases, making the correct diagnosis and recommendation to specialized care.
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Background: People living with HIV have an increased risk of cancer compared to the general population. However, with the increase in life expectancy and advances in antiretroviral therapy, the survival of patients with cancer and HIV has changed. Objective: To determine the survival of patients living with HIV and cancer in Cali, Colombia Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Data from the HIV database was crossed with data from the hospital and population-based cancer registries between 2011-2019. Patients <18 years, limited available clinical information on the diagnosis and treatment of HIV and cancer, and non-oncological tumor diagnosis were excluded. Results: A total of 173 patients were included. The frequencies of AIDS-defining neoplasms were: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (42.8%), Kaposi sarcoma (27.8%), and cervical cancer (4.6%). Overall survival was 76.4% (95% CI 68.9-82.3) at five years. Poorer survival was found in patients with AIDS-defining infections (56.9% vs. 77.8%, p=0.027) and non-AIDS-defining infections (57.8% vs. 84.2%, p=0.013), while there was better survival in patients who received antiretroviral therapy (65.9% vs. 17.9%, p=0.021) and oncological treatment (66.7% vs. 35.4%, p<0.001). The presence of non-AIDS-defining infections increases the risk of dying (HR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.05-5.46, p=0.038), while oncological treatment decreases it (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.80, p=0.014). Conclusions: In people living with HIV, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma are the most common neoplasms. Factors such as AIDS-associated and non-AIDS-associated infections have been identified as determinants of survival. Cancer treatment seems to improve survival.
Antecedentes: Las personas que viven con VIH tienen un riesgo mayor de cáncer en comparación con la población general. Sin embargo, con el aumento de la esperanza de vida y los avances en la terapia antirretroviral, la supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer y VIH ha cambiado. Objetivo: Determinar la supervivencia de los pacientes que viven con VIH y cáncer en Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Los datos de la base de datos de VIH se cruzaron con los datos de los registros de cáncer de base hospitalaria y poblacional entre 2011-2019. Se excluyeron los pacientes <18 años, con información clínica limitada disponible sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del VIH y el cáncer y los casos con diagnóstico de tumor no oncológico. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 173 pacientes. Las frecuencias de neoplasias definitorias de SIDA fueron: linfoma no Hodgkin (42.8%), sarcoma de Kaposi (27.8%) y cáncer cervical (4.6%). La supervivencia global fue del 76.4% (IC 95% 68.9-82.3) a los cinco años. Se encontró una peor supervivencia en pacientes con infecciones definitorias de SIDA (56.9% vs. 77.8%, p=0.027) e infecciones no definitorias de SIDA (57.8% vs. 84.2%, p=0.013), mientras que hubo una mejor supervivencia en pacientes que recibieron terapia antirretroviral (65.9% vs. 17.9%, p=0.021) y tratamiento oncológico (66.7% vs. 35.4%, p<0.001). La presencia de infecciones no definitorias de SIDA aumentó el riesgo de morir (HR = 2.39, IC 95% 1.05-5.46, p=0.038), mientras que el tratamiento oncológico lo disminuyó (HR = 0.33, IC 95% 0.14-0.80, p=0.014). Conclusiones: En las personas que viven con VIH, el linfoma no Hodgkin y el sarcoma de Kaposi son las neoplasias más comunes. Se han identificado factores como las infecciones asociadas al SIDA y las infecciones no asociadas al SIDA como determinantes de la supervivencia. El tratamiento del cáncer parece mejorar la supervivencia.
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Current research highlighted the importance to recognize feasible biomarkers for early diagnoses and treatment in oral cancer. Our study analyzed the expression and spatial distribution of ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia with and without oral mucosal dysplasia. Paraffin-embedded samples of OSCC (n=5), leukoplakia with (n=5) and without (n=5) dysplasia obtained by incisional biopsies were processed using conventional histochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44. Images of the immunohistochemically stained tissue sections were analyzed according to the intensity of the immunostaining of each marker and classified in Scores. The Kruskal- Wallis test was performed (p≤0.05). Our results demonstrated a statically difference in the expression of all immunomarkers between OSCC and leukoplakia without dysplasia, being more significant in FGFR2 and ALDH1A1. Within the limitations of this study, our data showed that all biomarkers were overexpressed in OSCC and leukoplakia with oral mucosa dysplasia, suggesting that the presence of dysplasia is a significant clinic-pathologic predictor for malignant transformation.
La actual evidencia científica enfatiza la importancia de reconocer biomarcadores viables para el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano del cáncer oral. Nuestro estudio piloto analizó la expresión y distribución espacial de ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44 en carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) y en leucoplasia con o sin displasia de la mucosa oral. Las muestras incluidas en parafina de COCE (n=5), con (n=5) y sin (n=5) displasia fueron obtenidas mediante biopsias incisionales, las cuales se procesaron utilizando técnicas histoquímicas convencionales. El análisis inmunohistoquímico se realizó utilizando anticuerpos contra ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44. Las imágenes de las secciones de cada muestra fueron analizadas según la intensidad de inmunoexpresión de cada marcador y se clasificaron en diferentes escalas (scores). Se realizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (valores de p<0,05). Nuestros resultados demostraron una diferencia estadística en la expresión de todos los inmunomarcadores entre COCE y las muestras con leucoplasia sin displasia, siendo más significativa en FGFR2 y ALDH1A1. Considerando las limitaciones de este estudio, los datos sugieren que la presencia de displasia en la mucosa oral es un importante predictor clínico-patológico de transformación maligna.
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INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent head and neck cancer. Few studies have analyzed the expression of proteins related to inflammation (COX-2) and tumor progression according to the histological grade of OSCC. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67 (cell proliferation), Bcl-2/Bax (apoptosis), VEGF, and CD105 (angiogenesis) according to histological grades of OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF, and CD105 of 58 cases of OSCC was analyzed. 13 cases of oral mucosa (OM) were analyzed as controls. RESULTS: COX-2, VEGF, CD105, and Ki-67 were higher in OSCC than in OM, particularly in poorly differentiated OSCC (p<0.05). Bax expression was lower in poorly differentiated OSCC (p<0.001). The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was higher in OSCC compared to MO (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There are immunohistochemical differences according to histological grades of OSCC, which could influence clinical behavior.
Subject(s)
Mouth Neoplasms , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Humans , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Ki-67 Antigen , Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AABSTRACT
Introduction: Marjolin's ulcer is a rare disease characterized by the malignancy of chronic wounds that present healing disorders, often due to chronic irritation and repetitive trauma in this area. The diagnosis is made mainly through clinical history and histopathological examination. The differential diagnoses of other diseases that course with ulcers must always be researched and ruled out. Method: The present work presents a bibliographic review to elucidate the subject's relevance for medical students, physicians and nurses, to assist in early diagnosis. Results: Nine observational studies were selected to compose the discussion. Conclusion: The most effective treatment for this condition is surgery, and lymph node dissection is suggested in some cases. Chemotherapy has not shown satisfactory results, while radiotherapy is used in selected cases. Given the rapid evolution, tissue damage, and worse prognosis, diagnosis, and excision should be performed early for a better clinical outcome.
Introdução: A úlcera de Marjolin é uma doença rara, caracterizada pela malignização de feridas crônicas que apresentaram distúrbios cicatriciais, muitas vezes devido à irritação crônica e a traumas repetitivos nesta área. O diagnóstico é realizado sobretudo através da história clínica e de exame histopatológico. Os diagnósticos diferenciais de outras doenças que cursam com úlceras devem sempre ser pesquisados e afastados. Método: O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica, a fim de elucidar a relevância do tema para acadêmicos de medicina, médicos e enfermeiros, com o propósito de auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce. Resultados: Foram selecionados 9 estudos observacionais para compor a discussão. Conclusão: O tratamento mais eficaz desta condição é o cirúrgico, e o esvaziamento linfonodal é sugerido em alguns casos. A quimioterapia não demonstrou resultados satisfatórios, enquanto a radioterapia é utilizada em casos selecionados. O diagnóstico e a excisão devem ser feitos precocemente para melhor desfecho clínico, visto a rapidez da evolução, o prejuízo tecidual e pior prognóstico.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to alert the ophthalmic community to an atypical manifestation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, which may delay diagnosis and treatment and result in a guarded visual prognosis and significant sequelae. A 61-year-old immunocompetent man presented with an initial diagnosis of necrotizing scleritis in the right eye for 3 months. He was treated with systemic prednisone but experienced persistent pain and low visual acuity. Conjunctival biopsy of the affected region confirmed the diagnosis of invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia, which progressed with intraocular and orbital invasion; thus, exenteration was performed. Masquerade syndrome should be suspected in patients with nodulo-ulcerative lesions of the conjunctiva and sclera. This clinical can be more aggressive, with a greater likelihood of intraocular and orbital involvement. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the patient prognosis.
RESUMO O objetivo é alertar a comunidade oftalmológica sobre uma manifestação atípica de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular (OSSN) que pode levar a um atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento, evoluindo com prognóstico reservado e significativas sequelas. Homem, imunocompetente, 61 anos com diagnóstico inicial de esclerite necrosante em olho direito há 3 meses, em tratamento com prednisona sistêmica porém com persistência da dor e baixa acuidade visual. Realizado biópsia conjuntival em região acometida e diagnosticado como neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular invasiva. Evolui com invasão intraocular e orbital sendo submetido a exenteração. Assim sendo, deve-se suspeitar de síndrome mascarada frente a um paciente com lesões nódulo-ulcerativas da conjuntiva e esclera. Essa forma clínica pode ser mais agressiva, com maior chance de comprometimento intraocular e orbital. Quanto mais precoces o diagnóstico e o tratamento, melhor o prognóstico para o paciente.