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BACKGROUND: Sexual function plays a very important role in the sexual health of people, and the determination of their related factors reflects the importance of paying attention to sexual function in the cultural context. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to the role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 592 married women of reproductive age referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht city (North of Iran) and eligible for the inclusion criteria were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information form, Halbert's Sexual Rights Questionnaires, Women's Sexual Self-Esteem (short form), Halbert's Sexual Desire, and Female Sexual Function Index. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, and sexual self-esteem scores were 56.79 ± 18.24, 49.12 ± 26.04, and 98.52 ± 6.11, respectively. Sexual assertiveness (p < 0.01, r = 0.13), sexual desire (p < 0.001, r = 0.178), sexual self-esteem (p < 0.01, r = 0.34) of the participants with the total score, and all areas of female sexual function had a significant positive correlation. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, the adaptability of sexual self-esteem, and family income with sexual function in participants. However, the unemployment of the spouse had a negative effect on the female sexual function.
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O conceito de fantasma possui uma importância crucial para o enquadramento da experiência em psicanálise. Este artigo pretende situar o lugar e a função do fantasma neurótico na experiência analítica partindo da função da fala, tal como proposto por Lacan. Para tanto, selecionamos alguns textos e seminários de Lacan situados entre os anos de 1953 a 1964. Nossa hipótese de trabalho consiste na suposição de que, ao enquadrar uma realidade constituída inconscientemente enquanto resposta ao desejo do Outro, o fantasma serve para perpetuar ao neurótico um senso de ser idêntico a si mesmo à medida em que tende a promover um apagamento de contradições provenientes da posição que, como sujeito, ocupa em relação a este desejo. Ao ser concebida como irrupção de um objeto com valor de não-eu no enquadre fantasmático, a angústia produz um efeito reverso, constituindo, por conseguinte, tanto uma contraprova quanto um apoio na demonstração dessa hipótese.
Le concept de fantôme revêt une importance cruciale pour encadrer l'expérience en psychanalyse. Cet article veut situer la place et la fonction du fantasme névrotique dans l'expérience analytique à partir de la fonction de la parole, comme le propose Lacan. Pour cela, nous avons sélectionné quelques textes et séminaires de Lacan situés entre les années 1953 et 1964. Notre hypothèse de travail est qu'en encadrant une réalité inconsciemment constituée en réponse au désir de l'Autre, le fantôme sert à perpétuer chez le névrosé un sentiment d'être identique à lui-même dans la mesure où il tend à favoriser un effacement des contradictions nées de la position qu'il occupe, en tant que sujet, par rapport à ce désir. Conçue comme l'irruption d'un objet ayant valeur de non-moi dans le cadre fantasmatique, l'angoisse produit un effet inverse, constituant donc à la fois une contre-preuve et un support à la démonstration de cette hypothèse.
The concept of the phantasm holds a crucial importance for framing the experience in psychoanalysis. This article aims to situate the place and function of the neurotic phantasm in the analytical experience, starting from the function of speech as proposed by Lacan. To do so, we have selected some texts and seminars by Lacan between the years of 1953 to 1964. Our working hypothesis is that by framing an unconsciously constituted reality as a response to the Other's desire, the phantasm serves to perpetuate in the neurotic subject a sense of being identical to themselves as it tends to promote an erasure of contradictions arising from the subject's position in relation to this desire. When conceived as the irruption of an object with a non-ego value in the phantasmatic frame, anxiety produces a reverse effect, thereby constituting both a counterproof and a support in demonstrating this hypothesis.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, PsychologyABSTRACT
Abstract Background Sexual function plays a very important role in the sexual health of people, and the determination of their related factors reflects the importance of paying attention to sexual function in the cultural context. Objective The present study aimed to the role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function. Methods In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 592 married women of reproductive age referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht city (North of Iran) and eligible for the inclusion criteria were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information form, Halbert's Sexual Rights Questionnaires, Women's Sexual Self-Esteem (short form), Halbert's Sexual Desire, and Female Sexual Function Index. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level (p < 0.05). Results The mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, and sexual self-esteem scores were 56.79 ± 18.24, 49.12 ± 26.04, and 98.52 ± 6.11, respectively. Sexual assertiveness (p < 0.01, r = 0.13), sexual desire (p < 0.001, r = 0.178), sexual self-esteem (p < 0.01, r = 0.34) of the participants with the total score, and all areas of female sexual function had a significant positive correlation. Conclusion Based on the findings, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, the adaptability of sexual self-esteem, and family income with sexual function in participants. However, the unemployment of the spouse had a negative effect on the female sexual function.
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Authors like Freud and Lacan often recurred to fiction in order to illustrate psychopathological structures. Starting from a psychoanalytical perspective, this paper focuses on the main character of the short story 'The Altar of the Dead' by Henry James. We argue that the different strategies he displays during his life, as described by the author, are in fact a way to avoid confronting the object of desire and suggest an obsessional structure. For the obsessional subject, all that matters is to assure the object's subsistence while making it untouchable. Desire is thus conceived as impossible, and this is one of the ways of granting the ex-sistence of the object that arouses it. The idealization of death, the inhibition of sensual love and the ritualization of his existence are the symptoms of a personal struggle that will prove to be absolutely unsolvable.
Resumos Autores como Freud e Lacan têm usado com frequência a ficção para ilustrar diferentes estruturas psicopatológicas. A partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, nosso artigo se concentrará no personagem principal do romance de Henry James "O Altar dos Mortos". Propomos que as várias estratégias que ele emprega no decorrer de sua vida, conforme descritas pelo autor, servem para evitar o confronto com o objeto de desejo e sugerem uma estrutura de tipo obsessivo. Para o obsessivo, tudo o que importa é garantir a subsistência do objeto, tornando-o intocável. Assim, o desejo é concebido como impossível, uma forma de garantir a existência do objeto que o produz. A idealização da morte, a inibição do amor sensual e a ritualização de sua existência são sintomas de uma luta pessoal, um conflito que se mostra insolúvel.
Des auteurs comme Freud et Lacan ont souvent eu recours à la fiction pour illustrer des structures psychopathologiques. Partant d'une perspective psychanalytique, cet article se concentre sur le personnage principal de la nouvelle "L'autel des morts" d'Henry James. Nous soutenons que les différentes strategies dont il fait preuve au cours de sa vie, telles que décrites par l'auteur, servent à éviter la confrontation à l'objet du désir et suggèrent une structure obsessionnelle. Pour le sujet obsessionnel, il s'agit d'assurer la subsistance de l'objet tout en le rendant intouchable. Le désir est donc conçu comme impossible, une façon d'assurer l'existence de l'objet qui le produit. L'idéalisation de la mort, l'inhibition de l'amour sensuel et la ritualisation de son existence sont les symptômes d'une lutte personnelle, un conflit qui s'avérera insoluble.
Freud y Lacan, entre otros autores, han recurrido a la ficción para ilustrar las estructuras psicopatológicas. A partir de la perspectiva psicoanalítica, este artículo se centra en analizar el personaje principal del cuento "El altar de los muertos", de Henry James. Las diferentes estrategias que emplea a lo largo de su vida, según relata el autor, sirven para evitar la confrontación con el objeto del deseo y sugieren una estructura obsesiva. Para el sujeto obsesivo, lo único que importa es asegurar la subsistencia del objeto haciéndolo intocable. El deseo se concibe como imposible, un modo de garantizar la existencia del objeto que lo suscita. La idealización de la muerte, la inhibición del amor sensual y la ritualización de su existencia son los síntomas de una lucha personal, de un conflicto que se revela irresoluble
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RESUMO. A diminuição do desejo é a queixa sexual mais frequente entre as mulheres brasileiras e tem sido objeto de estudos a partir de uma perspectiva predominantemente biológica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a narrativa de mulheres cis e heterossexuais com queixa de diminuição de libido, sob a perspectiva dos estudos de gênero. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 11 mulheres, oriundas de três consultórios de ginecologia, de diferentes classes socais, escolaridades e raças, com faixa etária variando de 34 a 62 anos, em relacionamentos prolongados. A partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo, foram encontradas três categorias: 1) criação/ educação sexista; 2) relacionamentos amorosos marcados por assimetria; 3) dilemas da maternidade. Evidenciou-se a incorporação de valores negativos em relação ao exercício da sexualidade pelas mulheres, diferenças de expectativas sobre o ato sexual entre os casais e forte impacto negativo da maternidade sobre a libido feminina. A cultura sexista, com os papéis sexuais bem marcados pelo gênero, se mostrou importante influenciador negativo do desejo sexual entre as mulheres.
RESUMEN. La disminución del deseo es la queja sexual más frecuente entre las mujeres brasileñas y ha sido objeto de estudios desde una perspectiva predominantemente biológica. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la narrativa de mujeres cis y heterosexuales con quejas de disminución de libido, bajo la perspectiva de los estudios de género. Por lo tanto, fueron seleccionadas once mujeres, provenientes de tres consultorios de ginecología, de diferentes clases sociales, niveles educativos y razas, con rango de edades variando entre 34 y 62 años, en relacionamientos largos. A partir de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido, fueron encontradas 3 categorías: 1) Creación/Educación sexista; 2) Relacionamientos amorosos marcados por asimetría; 3) Dilemas de la maternidad. Se evidenció la incorporación de valores negativos en relación al ejercicio de la sexualidad por las mujeres, diferenciales de expectativas sobre el acto sexual entre las parejas y fuerte impacto negativo de maternidad sobre libido femenino. La cultura sexista, con los papeles sexuales fuertemente marcados por el género, se mostró un importante factor de influencia negativa del deseo sexual entre las mujeres.
ABSTRACT. Low sex drive is the most recurring sexual complaint of Brazilian women and has been investigated through a predominantly biological perspective. This work aimed to analyze the speech of cis and heterosexual women with low libido from the gender studies perspective. To this end, we selected eleven women aged 34-62 who are patients in three gynecological offices, from different social classes, education levels, and races, and who have been in long-term relationships. We found three categories from semi-structured interviews and content analysis: 1) Sexist Education/Formation, 2) Asymmetrical Relationships, and 3) Motherhood Dilemmas. The respondents showed negative values about the exercise of sexuality by women, differences in expectations regarding the sexual act between couples, and a strong negative impact of motherhood on women's sex drive. The sexist culture, with sexual roles strongly marked by gender, proved to be a major negative influencer on the sex drive among women.
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Resumen Los significados sobre la sexualidad en la adultez mayor se encuentran sobre la base de una compleja interrelación entre factores sociales, culturales y personales. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar los significados psicológicos que personas adultas mayores de la Ciudad de México le confieren a la sexualidad, al placer sexual y al deseo sexual, mediante el empleo de las redes semánticas naturales (modificadas). La muestra estuvo constituida por 204 personas: 162 mujeres y 40 hombres, entre los 60 y 100 años, asistentes a centros de educación continua para personas adultas mayores en la Ciudad de México. El estudio fue mixto, descriptivo, no experimental, con muestreo no probabilístico y por conveniencia. Los resultados muestran que los significados psicológicos que las personas adultas mayores estudiadas refieren sobre la sexualidad, el deseo y el placer sexual son predominantemente positivos, y abarcan sentimientos, comportamientos y sensaciones. Se identifican diferencias por género tal como se planteó en la hipótesis de investigación, pero también se encontraron similitudes dentro de dichos significados. En las adultas mayores predomina la interrelación entre significados afectivos y contacto físico, mientras que en los hombres predominan las sensaciones. En general la muestra describe la sexualidad, el deseo y el placer sexual de manera muy similar, lo cual lleva a comprender que las fronteras entre los términos son sensibles, de tal manera que los significados y referentes de las propias personas llegan a permearse.
Abstract The meanings of sexuality in seniorhood are found at the base of a complex interrelation between social, cultural and personal factors. The present research aimed to explore the psychological meanings that senior adults in Mexico City confer on sexuality, sexual pleasure and sexual desire; through the use of modified natural semantic networks. The sample consisted of 204 people: 162 senior women and 40 senior men, between 60 and 100 years old, attending a continuing education centers for senior adults in Mexico City. The study was mixed, descriptive, non-experimental, with non-probability and convenience sampling. The results show how the psychological meanings that the studied senior adults have related to sexuality, desire and sexual pleasure are predominantly positive, encompassing feelings, behaviors and sensations. Differences by gender are identified as proposed in the research hypothesis, but similarities within these meanings were also found. The senior women studied define sexuality from the interrelation between affective meanings and physical contact; the word "love" was the most referenced. In addition, they mentioned "pleasure", "desire", "caresses", "satisfaction", "kisses", "joy", "hugs", "health", "attraction", and "knowledge". Senior men, for their part, consider sexuality mainly as an attraction and include others such as: "satisfaction", "pleasure", "respect", "life", "fidelity", "complete", "unique", "woman", "touch", "important", "love", "knowledge", "passion", "desire", "need", and "affection". Women and men in the sample describe sexual desire and pleasure in a very similar way to their sexuality referents, which leads us to understand that the boundaries between the two terms are sensitive. Regarding sexual desire, senior women cite defining words such as: "caresses", "kisses", "love", "hugs", "pleasure", "desire", "necessary", "satisfaction", "natural", "attraction", "partner", "happiness", and "respect". In relation to sexual pleasure, they include the words: "enjoyment", "tenderness", "affection", "friendship", "joy", "it is the maximum", and "relaxing". For their part, senior men defined sexual desire as: "attraction", "love", "caresses", "satisfaction", "looks", "necessary", "natural", "woman", "kisses", "being alive", "respect", "passion", "libido", "important", "moving", "pleasure", "hug", "energy", "games", "excitement", "communication", "masturbation", "eroticism", and "taste". Sexual pleasure includes: "important", "fullness", "enjoyment", "respect", "pleasure", "joy", and "naturalness". The results show that the stage of sexuality in seniorhood is diverse and it is influenced by gender and social beliefs, which evidences the psychological complexity of this sphere of life.
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Partindo do perceptível conflito entre as determinações fantasísticas do social, referentes ao feminino e o desejo da mulher enquanto sujeito, que chega à clínica materializado em um profundo sofrimento psíquico do qual ela parece incapaz de atravessar, questionamos: quais seriam os elementos da cena social atramados na fantasia social que apontam para o que consideramos representações do feminino? Assim, objetivamos articular o grafo do desejo em Lacan com a noção de fantasia social em Zizek para tentar responder o que haveria de feminino na fantasia, ou seja, como a dialética do desejo e a noção de fantasia social podem ajudar a compreender as construções fantasísticas do feminino. Para tanto, lançamos mão de uma investigação teórica com enfoque no texto lacaniano Subversão do sujeito e dialética do desejo no inconsciente freudiano (1960) e no texto de Slavoj Zizek Eles não sabem o que fazem - o sublime objeto da ideologia (1992), sem desconsiderar, contudo, comentadores de ambos os teóricos mencionados. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo desenvolveu a articulação dos conceitos - fantasia, desejo, feminino e fantasia social - procurando se organizar a partir de três questões: 1) De que forma as elaborações de Zizek sobre ideologia como fantasia social auxilia a compreender a dialética do desejo em Lacan?; 2) De que forma o desejo do Outro, enquanto social, resta na fantasia do sujeito, de modo a responder pela articulação fundamental entre a demanda e o desejo?; 3) Sob qual razão os elementos conjunturais são tomados na perspectiva estrutural que compõe o que entendemos por feminino na fantasia? Tomando por base a assertiva de que a sociedade não existe por si mesma, o feminino na fantasia poderia sustentar a própria fantasia de uma ordem social, ao cumprir a função de tamponar os hiatos deixados pela dissimetria entre o sujeito e o social.
Starting from the perceptible conflict between the fantastical determinations of the social referring to the feminine and the woman's desire as a subject who arrives at the clinic materialized in a deep psychic suffering that she seems unable to go through, we question: what would be the elements of the social scene strung in fantasy that point to what we consider representations of the feminine? Thus, we aim to articulate the graph of desire in Lacan with the notion of social fantasy in Zizek to try to answer what would be feminine in fantasy, that is, how the dialectic of desire and the notion of social fantasy can help us to understand the constructions feminine fantasies. For that, we make use of a theoretical investigation focusing on the Lacanian text Subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire in the Freudian unconscious (1960) and on the text of Slavoj Zizek They do not know what they do - the sublime object of ideology (1992), without disregard, however, commentators of both theorists mentioned. In this perspective, this study developed the articulation of the concepts - fantasy, desire, feminine and social fantasy - seeking to organize itself from three questions: 1) How do Zizek's elaborations on ideology as social fantasy help us to understand the dialectic of the desire in Lacan?; 2) How does the Other's desire, as a social one, remain in the subject's fantasy, in order to respond to the fundamental articulation between demand and desire?; 3) Under what reason are the conjunctural elements taken in the structural perspective that compose what we understand by feminine in fantasy? Based on the assertion that society does not exist by itself, the feminine in fantasy could sustain the fantasy of a social order, by fulfilling the function of plugging the holes left by the dissymmetry between the subject and the social.
Partiendo del perceptible conflicto entre las determinaciones fantásticas de lo social referente a lo femenino y el deseo de la mujer como sujeto que llega a la clínica materializado en un profundo sufrimiento psíquico que parece incapaz de atravesar, nos cuestionamos: ¿cuáles serían los elementos de la escena social ensartadas en la fantasía que apuntan a lo que consideramos representaciones de lo femenino? Así, pretendemos articular el grafo del deseo en Lacan con la noción de fantasía social en Zizek para tratar de responder qué sería femenino en la fantasía, es decir, cómo la dialéctica del deseo y la noción de fantasía social pueden ayudarnos a comprender las construcciones fantasías femeninas. Para ello, nos valemos de una investigación teórica centrada en el texto lacaniano Subversión del sujeto y la dialéctica del deseo en el inconsciente freudiano (1960) y en el texto de Slavoj Zizek No saben lo que hacen - el objeto sublime de la ideología (1992), sin menospreciar, sin embargo, los comentadores de ambos teóricos mencionados. En esta perspectiva, este estudio desarrolló la articulación de los conceptos - fantasía, deseo, femenino y fantasía social- buscando organizarse a partir de tres interrogantes: 1) ¿De qué manera las elaboraciones de Zizek sobre la ideología como fantasía social nos ayudan a comprender la dialéctica del deseo? en Lacan?; 2) ¿Cómo el deseo del Otro, como social, permanece en la fantasía del sujeto, para responder a la articulación fundamental entre demanda y deseo?; 3) ¿Bajo qué razón se toman los elementos coyunturales en la perspectiva estructural que componen lo que entendemos por femenino en la fantasía? Partiendo de la afirmación de que la sociedad no existe por sí mismo, lo femenino en la fantasía podría sustentar la fantasía de un orden social, cumpliendo la función de tapar los agujeros dejados por la disimetría entre el sujeto y lo social.
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O estudo sobre os tipos de comicidade, em especial o humor, preocupou os românticos e influenciou os estudos no começo do século XX. Freud, influenciado por esse contexto tanto quanto o influenciando, escreveu duas obras que tratam do assunto. Neste artigo, o tema humor leva a algumas discussões: o riso humorístico como o emolduramento do afeto e o efeito da fala afável do supereu para essa formação. Entender a plástica representada pelo riso humorístico leva a considerar que esse processo reúne duas possibilidades de armadilha, que podem se constituir tanto por via da pulsão invocante quanto da escópica. A primeira, pela fala afável e consolatória do supereu, parece funcionar como um doma-voz; a sonoridade dessa fala oferta um novo lugar que não apenas o do imperativo mortífero. A segunda armadilha seria o riso humorístico, o qual se pode pensar como um doma-olhar. O riso contido que emoldura a sensação de travessura frente ao risco enfrentado, mesmo sabendo-se que esse desafio persiste para fora de sua borda, o que avizinha as lágrimas. Para pensar os efeitos das características estéticas e artísticas do humor, dois episódios da obra Dom Quixote de la Mancha são tomados como ilustração. Os trechos do romance ajudam a pensar como o riso, pela sua expressão imagética e sonora, pode emoldurar os afetos ou trans-bordar em excesso. Essa compreensão estética ajuda a situar o seu alcance, que tanto pode ser o compartilhamento do prazer ou a reafirmação solitária do gozo. Assim, o sorriso humorístico pode funcionar como uma armadilha para o afeto, emoldurando-o de modo a revelar, contidamente, que aquilo que aterroriza pode ser enfrentado, mesmo que não seja aniquilado; o resto é excesso. Portanto, mesmo que de forma arriscada, o humor é capaz de construir o discurso da falta que remete o sujeito ao seu desejo.
The study about the types of comicality, and in special the humor, worried the romantics and had an influence on the studies in the beginning of the XX century. Freud, influenced and influencing this context, writes two works that treat about this thematic. In this paper, the theme humor goes to some discussions: the humoristic laugh like the framing of the affection and the effect of the affable speech of the Superego for this formation. When the plastic represented by the humoristic laugh is understood, it takes into consideration that this process gathers two possibilities of a trap, both can be constituted either as by the invoking drive or as the scopic drive. The first, by the affable and consolatory speech of the superego, that seems to work as a voice-tamer, the sonority of this speak offers a new place that is not only the deadly imperative. The second trap would be the humoristic laugh, which can be thought as a look-tamer. The contained laugh that frames the sensation of the mockery play in front the risk confronted, even knowing that this challenge persists for out of your edge, which can be approached to tears. To think the effects of the artistic and esthetic characteristics of the humor, two episodes of the work Dom Quixote de La Mancha are taken as illustration. The parts of the romance help to think how the laugh, through the imagistic and sonorous expression, can frame the affections or overflow in excess. This esthetic comprehension helps to situate your reach, that either can be the share of the pleasure or the lonely reaffirmation of the jouissance. Thereby, the humoristic smile can work as a trap for the affection, frames it reveling, retracted, that what terrifies can be faced, even that's not annihilated; the rest is excess. Therefore, even in a risky way, the humor is capable of constructing the utterance of the loss, that remits the subject to their desire.
L'étude des types de comique, et plus particulièrement de l'humour, intéressa les romantiques et influença les recherches du début du XXème siècle. Freud, influencé et s'inscrivant dans ce contexte, écrivit deux ouvrages qui abordent cette thématique. Dans cet article, ce thème est discuté de la façon suivante: le rire lié à l'humour permettrait le bordage d'un risque, effet de la parole consolatrice du Surmoi. Appréhender la plasticité impliquée par le rire humoristique conduit à considérer que le processus humoristique convoque deux possibilités de pièges pouvant se manifester aussi bien par l'intermédiaire de la pulsion invocante que de la pulsion scopique. Premièrement, par la parole douce et consolatrice le Surmoi se constituerait comme dompte-voix. La sonorité de cette parole offre un nouvel espace au-delà de l'impératif mortifère. Le second piège serait le rire humoristique pouvant être compris comme dompte-regard. Le rire limite la sentiment désagréable face au danger, même s'il reste évident que le problème persiste hors de l'espace dessiné par l'humour ce qui peut conduire aux larmes mêlées au rire. Pour penser les effets esthétiques et artistiques de l'humour deux épisodes de l'oeuvre Don Quichotte de la Mancha sont utilisés. Les parties du roman permettent de penser comment le rire, dans sa dimension imageante et sonore peut encadrer les affects ou dé-border excessivement. Cette compréhension esthétique aide à situer sa portée: partage de plaisir autant que réaffirmation solitaire de la jouissance. Ainsi, l'humour peut fonctionner comme piège pour l'affect en l'encadrant, révélant par là-même qu'il est possible de faire face à ce qui terrifie même s'il ne peut être annihilé; reste en excès. Par conséquent, même d'une manière non dépourvue de risques, l'humour est capable de construire le discours de l'absence renvoyant le sujet à son désir.
ABSTRACT
O artigo tem por objetivo propor algumas questões sobre as resistências de psicanalistas sobre as novas configurações do gênero (e dos corpos) no contemporâneo. Indica também a persistência do desejo do psicanalista como o que permite a reformulação da doxa analítica considerando tais modificações como resultantes de um alargamento do universo simbólico — o que acarreta grandes consequências na efetividade da escuta clínica. Para tanto, reafirmamos a ética do desejo diante do real enquanto irrepresentável e da aposta na escrita ante à impossibilidade da relação sexual. Por fim, a partir de uma breve apreciação do filme Tudo sobre minha mãe (1999) do cineasta espanhol Pedro Almodóvar defenderemos a necessidade que se impõe a nosso campo de um tempo para compreender a mudança em curso, a fim de que possamos chegar a conclusões sensíveis às novas possibilidades de arranjo que se apresentam na clínica.
Resumos This paper intends to propose some questions about the psychoanalyst's resistances to the brand-new configurations of gender (and bodies) at the contemporary. It supposes further the persistence of the desire as a thing that allows the reformulation of the analytical doxa, considering these modifications as an enlargement of the symbolical universe — that results in several consequences in the clinical´s listening effectivity. Therefore, we reassert the ethics of desire against the real while unrepresentable and the bet of writing against the impossibility of sexual relationship. Starting with a short appreciation of a Spanish film maker Pedro Almodóvar´s film "Todo Sobre Mi Madre" (Spain, 1999), we vindicate, at last, an imposition of a time to understand the changes in progress at our field, in order to have sensitive conclusions about the brand-new possibilities of sexual arrangements showing in the clinic.
L'article pose quelques questions sur les résistances des psychanalystes aux nouvelles configurations du genre (et des corps) dans le contemporain. Il indique aussi la persistance du désir du psychanalyste comme ce qui permet la reformulation de la doxa analytique en considérant ces modifications comme résultant d'un élargissement de l'univers symbolique — ce qui entraîne des conséquences majeures dans l'efficacité de l'écoute clinique. Pour ce faire, nous réaffirmons l'éthique du désir face au réel irreprésentable et du pari sur l'écriture face à l'impossibilité des rapports sexuels. Enfin, à partir d'une brève appréciation du film « Tout sur ma mère ¼ (1999) du cinéaste espagnol Pedro Almodóvar, nous soutenons qu'il faut prendre du temps pour comprendre les changements en cours afin de pouvoir parvenir à des conclusions sensibles aux nouvelles possibilités d'arrangement qui se présentent dans la clinique.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo plantear algunas preguntas sobre la resistencia de los psicoanalistas a las nuevas configuraciones de género (y de los cuerpos) en el mundo contemporáneo. Además, señala la persistencia del deseo como lo que permite la reformulación de la doxa analítica considerando tales cambios como resultado de una expansión del universo simbólico -lo que trae grandes consecuencias para la efectividad de la escucha clínica. Para ello, reafirmamos la ética del deseo frente a lo real como irrepresentable y de la apuesta por la escritura ante la imposibilidad de la relación sexual. Por último, a partir de una breve apreciación de la película "Todo sobre mi Madre" (1999), del cineasta español Pedro Almodóvar, argumentamos que se requiere tiempo para que nuestro campo de trabajo comprenda los cambios en curso, de modo que lleguemos a conclusiones sensibles sobre las nuevas posibilidades de arreglo sexual que se presentan en la clínica.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender os aspectos que envolvem a permanência e a passividade das vítimas de relacionamentos abusivos a partir de conceitos psicanalíticos. Para tanto, utilizou-se conceitos de Freud e Lacan, articulando a relação do sujeito com a linguagem e suas implicações na relação sujeito e Outro, que envolvem aspectos como desejo, amor e gozo. Assim, optou-se por nomear tal dinâmica relacional de relacionamento ab-usivo, entendendo que algo da ordem de uma satisfação inconsciente se atualiza nessas relações, e que neste sentido, toda relação comporta algo de ab-usivo. Considera-se fundamental que, diante de tal demanda, o analista tenha um olhar para a cena inconsciente do sujeito que se apresenta, e que a análise possibilite que algo do "um" se sustente, para que o sujeito sustente uma condição de menos assujeitamento ao seu modo de gozo.
This article aims to understand the aspects that involve the permanence and passivity of victims of abusive relationships based on psychoanalytic concepts. For this purpose, concepts from Freud and Lacan were used, articulating the subject's relationship with language and its implications in the subject's relationship with the Other, which involve aspects such as desire, love, and jouissance. Thus, it was decided to name such relational dynamics an ab-usive relationship, understanding that something of the order of an unconscious satisfaction is actualized in these relationships, and that, in this sense, every relationship involves something ab-usive. It is considered essential that, in the face of such a demand, the analyst has a look at the unconscious scene of the subject who presents himself and that the analysis allows something of the "one" to be sustained so that the subject sustains a condition of less subjection to your way of jouissance.
Cet article vise à comprendre les aspects qui impliquent la permanence et la passivité des victimes de relations abusives à partir de concepts psychanalytiques. À cette fin, nous avons utilisé des concepts de Freud et de Lacan qui articulent la relation du sujet avec le langage et ses implications dans la relation du sujet à l'Autre, qui impliquent des aspects tels que le désir, l'amour et la jouissance. Nous avons donc choisi de nommer cette dynamique relationnelle relation a-busive, considérant qu'une sorte de satisfaction inconsciente se produit dans ces relations, et qu'en ce sens, toute relation contient quelque chose d'a-busif. Il est considéré comme fondamental que, face à une telle demande, l'analyste ait un regard sur la scène inconsciente du sujet qui se présente, et que l'analyse permette de soutenir "l'un", afin que le sujet parvienne à une condition de moindre soumission à son mode de jouissance.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los aspectos que implican la permanencia y la pasividad de las víctimas de relaciones abusivas, usando como referencia los conceptos psicoanalíticos. Se utilizaron conceptos de Freud y Lacan, articulando la relación entre el sujeto y el lenguaje y sus implicaciones en la relación entre el sujeto y el Otro, que involucran aspectos tales como el deseo, el amor y el gozo. De esta forma, se decidió denominar a tal dinámica relacional como relación ab-usiva, entendiendo que algo del orden de una satisfacción inconsciente se actualiza en este tipo de relaciones, y que en ese sentido, toda relación implica algo ab-usivo. Se considera fundamental que, ante tal demanda, el analista tenga una mirada en la escena inconsciente del sujeto que se presenta, y que el análisis permita que algo del "uno" se sustente, para que el sujeto sustente una condición de menor sujeción a su modo de gozo.
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RESUMO: Este artigo possui como eixo norteador o conceito de desejo do analista no ensino de Lacan, incluindo seus seminários e parte de sua obra escrita. O percurso conceitual que resulta no conceito de desejo do analista é refeito articulando-o com outros temas, sobretudo aqueles que abrangem a prática da clínica psicanalítica nas suas relações com a época atual.
Abstract: This article has as its guiding principle the concept of the analyst's desire in Lacan's teaching, including his seminars and part of his written work. The conceptual route that results in the analyst's desire concept is redone, articulating it with other themes, especially those that cover the practice of the psychoanalytic clinic in its relations with the current era.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychotherapy , IntentionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with reproductive desire in a sample of women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) with serodiscordant partners. STUDY DESIGN: Between September 2015 and August 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 WLHA from HIV/AIDS treatment services and non-governmental organizations. An interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, reproductive desire, and potential predictor variables. Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with reproductive desire in the sample. RESULTS: The prevalence of reproductive desire was 32.7% (95% Confidence Interval: % CI: 24.7-42.0%). In regression analysis, we observed an association between reproductive desire and the following variables: age < 30 years; relationship time < 2 years; reproductive desire for the partner; and absence of children. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of reproductive desire in the investigated sample was relatively high. Young age and reproductive desire for the partner were the main associated factors.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Child , Humans , Female , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproduction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Prevalence , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sexual PartnersABSTRACT
Este escrito es un extracto de la Tesis Final de la Licenciatura de Medios Audiovisuales de la UNTDF del autor, en la que se expusieron los resultados de una indagación académica sobre las especificidades del formato cinematográfico denominado "cortometraje", estudiando aquellos aspectos que hacen que el mismo sea un producto audiovisual autónomo respecto del largometraje. El trabajo también comprendió una Memoria Crítica sobre el proceso de creación, producción y realización de una obra audiovisual del autor, un corto de ficción denominado La otra llave, que aquí se comenta y comparte
This paper is an extract from the author's Final Thesis of the UNTDF Audiovisual Media Degree, in which the results of an academic investigation on the specificities of the cinematographic format called "short film" were presented, studying those aspects that make the itself be an autonomous audiovisual product with respect to the feature film. The work also included a Critical Report on the process of creation, production and production of an audiovisual work by the author, a short fiction called The Other Key, which is commented and shared here
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychiatry , Psychology , Motion PicturesABSTRACT
O artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o lugar que o analista pode vir a ocupar nos casos de pacientes em cuidados de fim de vida no hospital. A possibilidade de morte iminente, própria dessa clínica, encarna de forma fatídica o encontro com o real como impossível, mote da psicanálise em qualquer circunstância. A partir do relato de caso de uma paciente, acompanhada apenas durante seu último dia de vida, ressaltamos os efeitos possibilitados por uma escuta analítica, na medida em que se deu lugar para as angústias e desejos dos sujeitos envolvidos, e concluímos sobre a importância dessa escuta Outra, em relação à oferecida pela equipe médica. Ao abordarmos o tema dos cuidados paliativos, sublinhamos, por um lado, as dificuldades dos profissionais em lidar com a morte da paciente, e, por outro, problematizamos os impasses colocados pela falta de integralização dessa prática ainda hoje.
Resumos This paper reflects on the place that the analyst can occupy in cases of end-of-life care patients at the hospital setting. The possibility of imminent death in this type of care fatally embodies the encounter with the real as impossible, the motto of psychoanalysis in any circumstance. Based on the case report of a patient's last day of life, the article emphasizes the effects made possible by a psychoanalytical listening, insofar as it gave room to the anguishes and desires of subjects involved, concluding on the importance of such an listening against that provided by the medical team. In discussing palliative care, it both underlines the professionals' difficulties in dealing with patient death, and problematizes the impasses posed by the lack of integration of this practice.
Cet article propose une réflexion sur la place que l'analyste peut occuper face au cas des patients en soins de fin de vie à l'hôpital. La possibilité d'une mort imminente, propre à cette clinique, incarne fatalement la rencontre avec le réel comme impossible, devise de la phychanalyse en toute circonstance. À partir du rapport de cas du dernier jour de vie d'une patiente, l'article souligne les effets rendus possibles par une écoute analytique, dans la mesure où elle à donner place aux angoisses et aux désirs des sujets impliqués, concluant sur l'importance d'une telle écoute contre celle fournie par l'équipe médicale. En abordant les soins palliatifs, il souligne à la fois les difficultés des professionnels à faire face à la mort du patient, et problématise les impasses posées par le manque d'intégration de cette pratique.
El artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el lugar que puede llegar a ocupar el analista en los casos de pacientes sometidos a cuidados al final de la vida en el hospital. La posibilidad de muerte inminente, propia de esta clínica, encarna de manera fatídica el encuentro con lo real como imposible, horizonte del psicoanálisis en cualquier circunstancia. A partir del relato de caso de una paciente, seguido solo durante su último día de vida, destacamos los efectos posibilitados por una escucha analítica, en tanto dio lugar a las angustias y deseos de los sujetos involucrados, y concluimos sobre la importancia de una escucha Otra en relación con la asistencia brindada por el equipo médico. Una escucha que, a cambio, pone al equipo y al paciente en el trabajo, y hace que el último movimiento del sujeto del deseo llegue a su destino. Al abordar el tema de los cuidados paliativos, subrayamos, por un lado, las dificultades de los profesionales en el enfrentamiento de la muerte del paciente, y, por otro lado, problematizamos los impasses que plantea la falta de integración de esta práctica aún hoy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a very prevalent sexual problem, with limited options for treatment. Given that psychological factors are major contributors to the disorder, a therapy such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) may be useful to treat HSDD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of group CBT on women with HSDD. METHOD: Clinical trial randomized study with 106 women diagnosed with HSDD, who were divided as follows: Group 1 (n = 53) underwent group CBT for 8-weeks, and Group 2 (n = 53), were put on a waiting list and used as a control group. Sexual function was assessed by the Female Sexual Quotient (FSQQ) at the initial interview and after 6-months. Mann Whitney test was used for group comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: demographics, education, sexual history, FSQQ and its domains for sexual function assessment. RESULTS: Both groups had similar characteristics regarding sexual response, self-image, and relationship with a partner at the initial interview. Women undergoing therapy showed significant improvement in sexual function when compared with the control group. The overall FSQQ result showed an average growth of 18.08 points (95% CI 12.87â23.28) for the therapy group against a decrease of 0.83 points (95% CI 3.43â1.77) for controls (p < 0.001). The five domains of the questionnaire also exhibited significant improvement in the therapy group: desire and interest (p = 0.003), foreplay (p = 0.003), excitation and tuning (p < 0.001), comfort (p < 0.001), and orgasm and satisfaction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Group CBT was shown to be an effective tool for treating HSDD.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Psychotherapy, Group , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Cognition , Female , Humans , Libido , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
En la actualidad nos encontramos en un escenario social y económico totalmente diferente que hace 30 o 40 años, el acceso de las mujeres a la educación universitaria, su inserción en los diferentes ámbitos profesionales, e incluso el ritmo de vida que llevan hace que cada vez más mujeres decidan postergar sus proyectos parentales. Lo problemático aparece cuando deciden abordar el deseo de ser madres y aparecen cuestiones ligadas a lo biológico que no van a la par de los tiempos del deseo. Ante esta perspectiva, ¿con qué herramientas cuentan las mujeres para evitar de algún modo la hiancia que aparece entre deseo y biología? ¿Podemos pensar en las TRHA como nexo entre el deseo de hijo y las limitaciones biológicas del cuerpo? ¿Hay modo de evitar los emergentes psicológicos negativos que surgen ante los diagnósticos de infertilidad? En el siguiente trabajo se tomará el caso de la Doctora Helen Sharpe, personaje ficticio perteneciente a la serie New Amsterdam, con el fin de poder abordar los interrogantes planteados, y pensar como las TRHA funcionan no solo como nexo del deseo y la biología sino como un agente salutogénico, evitando o reduciendo los emergentes psicológicos negativos ante diagnósticos de infertilidad
Nowadays we find ourselves in a totally different social and economic scenario than 30 or 40 years ago, the access of women to university education, their insertion in different professional fields, and even the rhythm of life they lead makes more and more women decide to postpone their parental projects. The problem arises when they decide to address the desire to become mothers and issues related to the biological aspect appear that do not go hand in hand with the times of desire. In this perspective, what tools do women have to avoid the gap that appears between desire and biology? Can we think of ART as a link between the desire for a child and the biological limitations of the body? Is there a way to avoid the negative psychological emergents that arise in the face of infertility diagnoses? In the following paper we will take the case of Dr. Helen Sharpe, a fictional character from the series "New Amsterdam", in order to address the questions raised and to think about how the ART works not only as a link between desire and biology but also as a salutogenic agent, avoiding or reducing the negative psychological emergents in the face of infertility diagnoses
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fertility Preservation , Reproductive Techniques, AssistedABSTRACT
Cette étude examine les conditions de l'avènement de l'espace chez les jeunes enfants. Dans ce but, on procède à une relecture attentive de l'analyse du fort-da par Sigmund Freud, montrant comment ce jeu, inventé spontanément par un enfant de 18 mois, témoigne précisément l'articulation entre le langage, l'espace et l'émergence du désir. Nous nous appuierons également sur plusieurs remarques de Jacques Lacan à ce sujet.
Este estudo tem como objetivo questionar as condições do advento do espaço em crianças pequenas. Para isso, faremos uma releitura da análise que Sigmund Freud fez do fort-da, a fim de mostrar como esse jogo espontaneamente inventado por uma criança de um ano e meio atesta precisamente a articulação entre a linguagem, o espaço e o advento do desejo. Nós vamos assentar com diversos comentários de Jacques Lacan sobre o assunto.
This study investigates how the notion of space emerge in young children. To do so, it carries out a careful re-reading of Sigmund Freud's analysis of the "fort-da," showing how this game, spontaneously invented by an 18-month-old child, precisely indicates the articulation between language, space, and the emergence of desire. The discussion also borrows from several remarks made by Jacques Lacan on the topic.
Este estudio se propone interrogar las condiciones del advenimiento del espacio en la primera infancia. Para ello, se presenta el análisis de Sigmund Freud sobre el fort-da, con el fin de mostrar cómo este juego inventado espontáneamente por un niño de un año y medio atestigua precisamente la articulación entre el lenguaje, el espacio y el advenimiento del deseo. También se utilizan varios comentarios de Jacques Lacan sobre este tema.
ABSTRACT
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common female sexual dysfunction and is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women in the United States. It has been suggested that HSDD is associated with an imbalance of hormone and neurotransmitter levels in the brain, resulting in decreased excitation, increased inhibition, or a combination of both. Evidence suggests neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and serotonin, as well as hormones such as estradiol and testosterone, contribute to female sexual desire and response. Current treatments for HSDD include psychotherapy, and two US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for premenopausal women: flibanserin, a serotonin mixed agonist and antagonist, and bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist. Melanocortins are endogenous neuropeptides associated with the excitatory pathway of the female sexual response system. MCRs are found throughout the body, including the brain. Bremelanotide is an MCR agonist that nonselectively activates several of the receptor subtypes, of which subtype 4 (MC4R) is the most relevant at therapeutic doses. MC4R is predominantly expressed in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus in the brain, and is important for female sexual function. Animal studies suggest that bremelanotide may affect female sexual desire by activating presynaptic MC4Rs on neurons in the mPOA of the hypothalamus, leading to increased release of DA, an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases sexual desire. This review presents what is known about the mechanism of action of bremelanotide in the context of treating HSDD.
Subject(s)
Serotonin , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Animals , Dopamine/metabolism , Female , Humans , Neurotransmitter Agents/therapeutic use , Peptides, Cyclic , Serotonin/metabolism , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/drug therapy , alpha-MSH/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a very prevalent sexual problem, with limited options for treatment. Given that psychological factors are major contributors to the disorder, a therapy such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) may be useful to treat HSDD. Objective: To evaluate the effects of group CBT on women with HSDD. Method: Clinical trial randomized study with 106 women diagnosed with HSDD, who were divided as follows: Group 1 (n = 53) underwent group CBT for 8-weeks, and Group 2 (n = 53), were put on a waiting list and used as a control group. Sexual function was assessed by the Female Sexual Quotient (FSQQ) at the initial interview and after 6-months. Mann Whitney test was used for group comparison. Main Outcome Measures: demographics, education, sexual history, FSQQ and its domains for sexual function assessment. Results: Both groups had similar characteristics regarding sexual response, self-image, and relationship with a partner at the initial interview. Women undergoing therapy showed significant improvement in sexual function when compared with the control group. The overall FSQQ result showed an average growth of 18.08 points (95% CI 12.87‒23.28) for the therapy group against a decrease of 0.83 points (95% CI 3.43‒1.77) for controls (p < 0.001). The five domains of the questionnaire also exhibited significant improvement in the therapy group: desire and interest (p = 0.003), foreplay (p = 0.003), excitation and tuning (p < 0.001), comfort (p < 0.001), and orgasm and satisfaction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Group CBT was shown to be an effective tool for treating HSDD.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO O texto considera as raízes etimológicas da palavra "desejo". Discute abordagens filosóficas do conceito e expõe contribuições psicanalíticas. Destaca o lugar do desejo dentro da concepção relacional de Moreno, dando ênfase à matriz de identidade. Leva em conta o desejo e suas circunstâncias: o desejo e a memória, o desejo e a linguagem, o desejo e a demanda, o desejo e a falta, o desejo e a dependência. Discutem-se as implicações, do ponto de vista terapêutico, de trazer à consciência os elementos inconscientes do desejo. Isso facilitaria ao sujeito desatar os seus nós e redirecionar suas demandas.
ABSTRACT The text considers the etymological roots of the word "desire". It discusses philosophical approaches to the concept and presents psychoanalytic contributions. It highlights the place of desire within Moreno's relational conception, emphasizing the matrix of identity. It takes into account desire and its circumstances: desire and memory, desire and language, desire and demand, desire and lack, desire and dependence. The implications, from a therapeutic point of view, of bringing to consciousness the unconscious elements of desire are discussed. This would make it easier for the subject to untie his knots and redirect his demands.
RESUMEN El texto considera las raíces etimológicas de la palabra "deseo". Discute enfoques filosóficos del concepto y presenta contribuciones psicoanalíticas. Destaca el lugar del deseo dentro de la concepción relacional de Moreno, enfatizando la matriz de identidad. Tiene en cuenta el deseo y sus circunstancias: deseo y memoria, deseo y lenguaje, deseo y demanda, deseo y carencia, deseo y dependencia. Se discuten las implicaciones, desde un punto de vista terapéutico, de traer a la conciencia los elementos inconscientes del deseo. Esto facilitaría que el sujeto desatara sus nudos y redirigiera sus demandas.