Progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial y la correlación con las medidas antropométricas y laboratoriales en adultos jóvenes / Progression of blood pressure components and correlation with anthropometric and laboratory measurements in young adults

Introducción: La presencia de hipertensión arterial en población joven aumenta el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares en la mediana edad y como consecuencia una morbimortalidad prematura. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial y la correlación con las medidas antropométricas y laboratoriales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción- Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2017 evaluando al inicio 284 universitarios y 240 al final de las carreras. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, presión arterial, determinaciones bioquímicas. La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial, de las variables antropométricas y clínicas se calcularon mediante la prueba T de muestras relacionadas. La correlación de la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica con las variables antropométricas y laboratoriales con la correlación de Pearson. Resultados: La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica y presión de pulso. En relación con las características antropométricas y clínicas de los estudiantes se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la medición inicial y final en el peso, perímetro abdominal, glicemia, insulina, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad, colesterol de baja densidad, triglicéridos y proteína C reactiva. La correlación más importante encontrada entre las medidas antropométricas con la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica fue la circunferencia abdominal. Conclusión: Se encontró aumento de la tendencia de la presión arterial y de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios.

Introduction: The presence of arterial hypertension in young population increases the risk of cardiovascular events in middle age and as a consequence premature morbimortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of blood pressure components and the correlation with anthropometric and laboratory measurements in students of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlational, longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study was conducted from 2013 to 2017 evaluating at the beginning 284 undergraduates and 240 at the end of the careers. Sociodemographic variables, anthropometric variables, blood pressure, biochemical determinations were measured. The progression of blood pressure components, anthropometric and clinical variables were calculated using the related samples t-test. The correlation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with anthropometric and laboratory variables was correlated with Pearson's correlation. Results: The progression of blood pressure components presented a statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. In relation to the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of the students, a statistically significant difference was found between the initial and final measurements in weight, abdominal perimeter, glycemia, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. The most important correlation found between anthropometric measurements with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was abdominal circumference. Conclusion: An increase in the trend of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors was found in university students.

Lepidium meyenii (maca) and soy isoflavones reduce cardiac stunning of ischemia-reperfusion in rats by mitochondrial mechanisms.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Phytoestrogens are traditionally used for cardiovascular risks but direct effects on the ischemic heart remain unclear. Plants with phytoestrogens are used for reducing menopausic symptoms and they could also be cardioprotectives. Here we investigated whether maca (Lepidium meyenii) contains isoflavones and prevents cardiac stunning, in comparison to soy isoflavones. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: Both products were orally and daily administered to rats during 1 week before exposing isolated hearts to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Young male (YM), female (YF) and aged female (AgF) rats treated with maca (MACA, 1 g/kg/day) or soy isoflavones (ISOF, 100 mg/kg/day) were compared to acute daidzein (DAZ, 5 mg/kg i.p.) and non-treated rat groups. Isolated ventricles were perfused inside a calorimeter to simultaneously measure contractile and calorimetrical signals before and during I/R. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Maca has genistein and daidzein. MACA and ISOF improved the post-ischemic contractile recovery (PICR) and muscle economy (P/Ht) in YM and YF hearts, but not in AgF hearts. DAZ improved PICR and P/Ht more in YM than in YF. The mKATP channels blockade reduced both PICR and P/Ht in DAZ-treated YM hearts, without affecting them in ISOF or MACA-treated YM hearts. In MACA treated YF hearts, the simultaneous blockade of NOS and mKATP channels, or the mNCX blockade reduced cardioprotection. Results show that subacute oral treatment with maca or with soy isoflavones was strongly preventive of cardiac ischemic dysfunction, more than the acute administration of a pure isoflavone (daidzein, genistein). Maca induced synergistic and complex mechanisms which prevented mitochondrial calcium overload.

Association of common polymorphisms in the VEGFA and SIRT1 genes with type 2 diabetes-related traits in Mexicans.

INTRODUCTION: Genetic variants have been replicated for association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and many of them with diabetes-related traits. Because T2D is highly prevalent in Mexico, this study aimed to test the association of CDKN2A/B, PPARGC1A, VEGFA, SIRT1 and UCP2 gene polymorphisms (rs10811661, rs8192678, rs2010963, rs7896005 and rs659366 respectively) with metabolic traits in 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos with T2D under three models of inheritance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and anthropometric measurements were determined and the HOMA-IR was calculated. Association studies were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, statistical power analysis, Bonferroni correction, paired SNP analysis, and physical interaction by GeneMANIA. RESULTS: All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the association by genotype with T2D-related traits displayed nominal significance for rs8192678 with glucose (p = 0.023) and triglycerides (p = 0.013); rs2010963 with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.012) and cholesterol (p = 0.013); rs7896005 with DBP (p = 0.012) and insulin (p = 0.011); and rs659366 with cholesterol (p = 0.034), glucose (p = 0.031) and triglycerides (p = 0.028); and the association of rs2010963 with HDL-C (p = 0.0007) was significant. Linear regression performed with three models of inheritance, adjusted by age + sex + BMI and corrected with Bonferroni, showed a significant association of rs2010963 with HDL-C in an additive model (p = 0.007); and rs7896005 was significantly associated with DBP in the recessive model (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Rigorous analysis evidenced the association of VEGFA rs2010963 and SIRT1 rs7896005 with HDL-C and DBP respectively; these traits are known predictors of cardiovascular complications, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this population.

Diferencia de la presión arterial medida en el brazo vs antebrazo en pacientes con circunferencia de brazo mayor a 34 cm / Difference of blood pressure measured in the arm vs forearm in patients with arm circumference higher than 34 cm

Resumen OBJETIVO Determinar si existe diferencia entre la medición de la presión arterial en el brazo con brazalete de tamaño adecuado para el paciente (circunferencia del brazo > 34 cm) vs medición de la presión arterial en el antebrazo con brazalete estándar (circunferencia de brazo 22-33 cm) en pacientes con circunferencia de brazo > 34 cm. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal realizado de enero a junio de 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes de consulta externa del Hospital General de Mexicali con circunferencia del brazo > 34 cm. Se midió la presión arterial en el antebrazo con brazalete estándar, se realizó una segunda toma de la presión arterial en el brazo con brazalete para pacientes con diámetro de brazo mayor a 33 cm. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 320 pacientes, 67% eran mujeres, con media de edad de 41 años, la circunferencia promedio del brazo fue de 38 cm. En hombres, la media fue de 35 años, con circunferencia promedio del brazo de 38 cm. La media de la presión sistólica en el antebrazo fue de 128.6 ± 12.5 vs 125.5 ± 13.6 mmHg en el brazo, con diferencia de 3.54 con valor p = 0.0007. La media de la presión arterial diastólica en el antebrazo fue de 83.42 ± 8.95 vs 79.21 ± 8.88 mmHg en el brazo, con diferencia entre ambos de 4.21, p ≤ 0.0001. CONCLUSIONES La obtención de la presión arterial en el antebrazo con un brazalete estándar en pacientes con circunferencia del brazo mayor a 34 cm cuando no se cuente con un brazalete apropiado proporcionará cifras similares a las obtenidas con un brazalete adecuado, con lecturas mayores, pero con diferencias por debajo de 5 mmHg.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a difference between measuring blood pressure in the arm with and adequate size bracelet for patients (arm circumference > 34 cm) vs measuring blood pressure in the forearm with a standard bracelet (arm circumference < 22-33 cm) in patients with arm circumference > 34 cm. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was done from January to June 2017. Sample: patients from external consult of Hospital General de Mexicali with arm circumference > 34 cm. Blood pressure was measured in the forearm of the patient with a standard bracelet, blood pressure was measured again in the arm with an adequate bracelet (for patients with an arm circumference > 33 cm). RESULTS 320 patients were included for this study, 67% were women, with an average age of 41 years, average arm circumference was of 38 cm. In men, the average age was 35 years with an average arm circumference of 38 cm. Average of the systolic pressure in the forearm was 128.6 ± 12.5 vs 125.5 ± 13.6 mmHg in the arm, with a difference of 3.54 with a p = 0.0007. The average of the diastolic pressure in the forearm was 83.42 ± 8.95 vs 79.21 ± 8.88 mmHg in the arm with a difference of 4.21, p ≤ 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of blood pressure in the forearm with a standard bracelet in patients with an arm circumference > 34 cm when we don't have the adequate bracelet will give us similar values compared to the blood pressure in the arm with an adequate bracelet, with higher values but differences below 5 mmHg.

Guía de Práctica Clínica ​(GPC) para el manejo de la Hipertensión Arterial Primaria (HTA) / Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) primary arterial hypertension

Constituir un grupo de desarrollo de la guía (GDG), que reúna el mayor nivel de experticia tanto en la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento integral y seguimiento de pacientes con HTA, como en la metodología de apreciación, síntesis y valoración de conocimiento, y en la evaluación del impacto económico de alguna(s) de sus recomendaciones, representando igualmente la perspectiva de los profesionales de salud que las aplican, y el de los usuarios del sistema de salud y sus familias a quienes éstas se refieren. Refinar el campo de aplicación de la guía, expresándolo en términos de unas preguntas genéricas, que sirvan de base para la generación de recomendaciones.

Interferência da intensidade da atividade aquática nos níveis de pressão arterial em mulheres adultas e idosas / Interference of intensity of aquatic activity levels in blood pressure in adult and old women

Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos de programas de treinamento aeróbico e resistido com atividade aquática moderada e vigorosa nos níveis de pressão arterial em mulheres adultas e idosas normotensas ou hipertensas controladas sem medicação.Métodos: A amostra foi intencional, constituindo-se o Grupo 1 de 9 mulheres, com idade média de 54,56±7,04 anos, que realizavam atividade aquática moderada (60-70% da frequência cardíaca máxima) e o Grupo 2 de 11 mulheres com idade média de 54,91±7,70 anos, que realizavam atividade aquática vigorosa (70-80% da frequência cardíaca máxima). Os dois grupos foram analisados quanto à pressão arterial durante um período de dois meses e meio de tratamento, totalizando 20 atendimentos para cada grupo. As sessões ocorriam com frequência de duas vezes por semana, com duração de 50 minutos cada aula. A intensidade do exercício era estabelecida conforme a frequência cardíaca máxima de cada indivíduo. A análise dos resultados foi feita por estatística inferencial utilizando o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e pareadas, com significância menor que 5%.Resultados: O Grupo 1 obteve uma diferença média intergrupo de pressão arterial sistêmica entre o início e o final do estudo de -5,56 mmHg, enquanto o Grupo 2 apresentou diferença de +6,91 (p<0,001). Em relação à pressão arterial diastólica, a diferença média intergrupo do Grupo 1 foi de -3,50 e para o Grupo 2 de +3,18 (p=0,011).Conclusões: A atividade aquática moderada foi mais eficiente que a vigorosa para a redução dos níveis pressóricos em mulheres adultas e idosas...

Aims: To compare the effects of aerobic training programs and resistance to aquatic moderate and vigorous activity in blood pressure levels in adult and elderly women, normotensive or hypertensive controlled without medication.Methods: Sample was intentional, with Group 1 constituted of 9 women, mean age 54.56±7.04 years, who underwent moderate aquatic activity (60-70% of maximum heart rate) and Group 2 constituted of 11 women with mean age 54.91±7.70 years, who performed vigorous aquatic activity (70-80% of maximum heart rate). The two groups were analyzed for blood pressure over a period of 2 ½ months of treatment, a total of 20 attendances for each group. The sessions occurred with a frequency of twice a week, lasting 50 minutes each class. Exercise intensity was set as the maximum heart rate of each individual. Analysis was made by inferential statistics using Student t test for independent and paired samples, with significance lower than 5%Results: Group 1 had a mean difference of intergroup blood pressure, between the beginning and end of the study, of -5.56 mmHg, whereas Group 2 showed a difference of +6.91 (p<0.001). In relation to diastolic blood pressure, the average intergroup difference of group 1 was -3.50 and for group was 2 +3.18 (p=0.011).Conclusions: Moderate water activity was more efficient than vigorous water activity for reduction of bloodpressure in adults and elderly women...

Correlation between systemic blood pressure measured by oscillometry and age and serum sodium level in healthy dogs / Correlação entre a pressão arterial sistêmica aferida por método oscilométrico com a idade e o nível sérico de sódio em cães hígidos

Blood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 184mmHg, 53 137mmHg, 64 135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We observed a positive correlation between the variables age and SBP, age and DBP, SBP and sodium, and sodium and DBP, while the values of serum sodium and age showed a negative correlation. Regarding this study conditions, we conclude that there is little interference in the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, regarding age and serum sodium in healthy adult dogs.

A pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 184mmHg, 53- 137mmHg, 64 135bpm e 120 157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível

Correlation between systemic blood pressure measured by oscillometry and age and serum sodium level in healthy dogs / Correlação entre a pressão arterial sistêmica aferida por método oscilométrico com a idade e o nível sérico de sódio em cães hígidos

Blood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 184mmHg, 53 137mmHg, 64 135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We observed a positive correlation between the variables age and SBP, age and DBP, SBP and sodium, and sodium and DBP, while the values of serum sodium and age showed a negative correlation. Regarding this study conditions, we conclude that there is little interference in the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, regarding age and serum sodium in healthy adult dogs. 

A pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 184mmHg, 53- 137mmHg, 64 135bpm e 120 157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível

Physical characteristics at different ages / Características físicas en diferentes edades

The purpose of this study was to study, observe, and clarify the dynamics of physical growth, as well as changes of some morphometrical and physiological variables of Kosovo population. 17,894 males from Kosovo between 6 and 51 years of age and older, were measured: body height, body weight, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and VO max were recorded. The measurement data were processed through these descriptive statistical parameters: Mean, Standard-Deviation and the Coefficient of Variation, SD shows the similar dispersion of results between one age and another. CV signifies the reliability of the measurements that were carried out. The curve of body height for individuals between 6 and 17 years of age shows increases, for individuals between 18 and 40 years of age shows stable values, while for indiividuals above 40 years of age indicate a decrease.Body height difference between adults shows that adultsbetween 18 and 30 years old have the higher body height values, compared with the other two groups of tested adults. Body weight for individualsbetween 6 and 50 years old shows consistent increase of value. In individuals above 51 years of age, body weight decreases rapidly. According to BMIvalues individuals between 6 and 13 years of age were underweight. Those between 14 and 35 years of age, as well as those above 51 years of age showed normal weight. On the other hand, those between 36 and 50 years of age were slightly overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher as age increased, however were not above normal values. The best results of HR and VO2max were reported in adults between 19 and 27 years of age.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, observar, y para aclarar la dinámica de crecimiento físico, así como los cambios de algunas variables morfométricas y fisiológicas de la población de Kosovo. En 17.894 hombres en Kosovo, de entre 6 y 51 años, se tomaron las siguientes medidas: Altura y peso corporal, IMC, presiones sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardíaca, VO2 máx. Los datos fueron procesados a través de los siguientes parámetros estadísticos descriptivos: media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. La DS muestra la dispersión de los resultados de acuerdo a la edad. CV determina la fiabilidad de las mediciones que se hicieron. La curva de la altura del cuerpo entre 6-17 años de edad aumentó entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, mientras que para individuos de más de 40 años la curva disminuye. La altura corporal mostró que los adultos entre 18-30 años son más altos, en comparación con otros dos grupos. El peso corporal aumenta desde los 6 a los 50 años edad, mientras que después de los 51 años se produce rápidamente su disminución. De acuerdo a los valores de IMC, los individuos entre 6-13 años de edad presentaban bajo peso. Los individuos entre 14-35 años y superiores a 51 años presentaban un peso normal. Los individuos entre 36-50 años, presentaron un ligero sobrepeso. Aumentaron las presiones sistólica y diastólica de acuerdo a la edad, pero no por encima del valor normal. Los mejores resultados de la frecuencia cardiaca y VO2máx se alcanzaron en los adultos entre 19 y 27 años.