ABSTRACT
Recent public policies in developing countries have emerged to address challenges of delivering water-related ecosystem services in urban areas. Some initiatives, such as the Brazilian Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change (BPACC) highlights sustainable urban drainage as a key strategy for promoting sustainable cities, including ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) measures. Despite the importance of these national guidelines, little is known about how the recommendations are incorporated and the provision of ecosystem services are perceived in local initiatives. We aim to explore stakeholders' perception of ecosystem services in relation to public urban programs for improving the local environment through EbA measures. For this, we studied a stream revitalization project in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, as an emblematic case by integrating three public programs: re-urbanization of irregular settlements, implementation of linear parks and cleansing of urban streams. Our methods involved literature review, documentary data, field surveys and semi-structured interviews with local populations, public agents, and NGOs. Despite some positive results of supplying ecosystem services, we recommend that local programs expand the scope of EbA measures based on BPACC guidelines, strengthen the specific objectives of the three individual public programs and better manage public resources, especially in the context of promoting resilient cities in developing countries. At the same time, local programs can teach lessons and show opportunities for improving national guidelines on climate change adaptation.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Rivers , Brazil , Cities , PerceptionABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts of three root-end filling materials: MTA Angelus(r), EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) and Super EBA(r). A primary culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was previously obtained in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the three extracts from the root-end filling materials after 2 and 7 days of setting. Serial dilutions of these extracts (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) were evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days using the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Cell viability was evaluated as percentage of the negative control group, which represented 100% cell viability. Statistical analyses were done with t-test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. It was found that the main difference among root-end filling materials was in the higher dilutions (p<0.05), but there was a similar behavior in lower dilutions (p>0.05). Cell viability of MTA Angelus(r) was superior for 2-day setting (p<0.05), compared with the other two root-end fillings. There were no statistically significant differences between 7-day set MTA Angelus(r) and EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r). Super EBA(r) showed the lowest percentage of cell viability at higher dilutions (p<0.05). Therefore, MTA Angelus(r) and EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) were less cytotoxic in the highest dilution (1:1) compared with Super EBA(r).
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade em fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal humano de três cimentos de retrobturação: MTA Angelus(r), EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) e Super EBA(r). Uma cultura de fibroblastos primários do ligamento periodontal humano foi obtida anteriormente a fim de avaliar a citotoxicidade dos três extratos dos cimentos de retrobturação após 2 e 7 dias de endurecimento. As diluições em série destes extratos (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 e 1:8) foram avaliados em 1, 3 e 7 dias empregando o ensaio colorimétrico metil-tiazol-tetrazólio (MTT). A viabilidade celular foi calculada em base da porcentagem do grupo de controle negativo, que representou 100% de viabilidade de células. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o teste t, ANOVA e teste de Kruskal-Wallis a um nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se que a principal diferença entre os cimentos de retrobturação estava nas diluições mais elevadas (p<0,05) e houve um comportamento semelhante nas diluições mais baixas (p>0,05). A viabilidade celular dos fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal humano foi superior para MTA Angelus(r) de 2 dias de endurecimento (p<0,05), em comparação com os outros materiais de retrobturação. Não houve diferença significante entre MTA Angelus(r) e EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) de 7 dias de endurecimento. Super EBA(r) mostrou a menor percentagem da viabilidade celular nas diluições mais altas (p<0,05). Portanto, os cimentos de retrobturação MTA Angelus(r) e EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) foram menos citotóxicos na diluição mais alta (1:1) em comparação com Super EBA(r).
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Ligament/pathology , Root Canal Filling Materials , Cells, Cultured , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta biológica de MTA e Super EBA (SEBA) em retro-obturações em cães. Lesões periapicais induzidas foram tratadas por cirurgia parendodôntica com retro-obturação utilizando MTA (n = 12) ou SEBA (n = 12). Após 180 dias, necrópsias foram coletadas, submetidas ao processamento histológico e análise estatística. MTA gerou menor presença de células inflamatórias e maior presença de cápsula fibrosa e de novo cemento em relação ao SEBA. Conclui-se que MTA e SEBA são biocompatíveis, mas apenas o MTA é bioativo com maior capacidade cementogênica.
The aim of this study was evaluate the biological response of MTA and Super EBA (SEBA) in root end filling in dogs. Parendodontic surgery and root end filling were used to treat induced periapical lesions using MTA (n = 12) or SEBA (n = 12). After 180 days, necropsies were collected, submitted to histological processing and statisticalanalysis. MTA induced smaller presence of inflammatory cells and higher presence of fibrous capsule and new cementum than SEBA. It was concluded that MTA and SEBA are biocompatible but only MTA is bioactive with the highest cementogenic capacity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Materials Testing , Biocompatible Materials/standards , Root Canal Filling Materials/standards , Root Canal Obturation/methodsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, a adaptação de diferentes materiais retro-obturadores às paredes de cavidades retrógradas. Foram utilizados 60 caninos superiores humanos, que, após a obturação dos canais foram apicetomizados perpendicularmente à raiz a 3mm do ápice radicular. Foram preparadas cavidades apicais com 3mm de profundidade, utilizando broca esférica nº 3. As cavidades foram retroobturadas com Super EBA, Polímero de Mamona, Vidrion Endo, Ketac Endo, MTA Pro Root e cimento Portland branco. Os ápices radiculares foram moldados com silicona de condensação. Tanto os moldes, como os ápices foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O cimento Portland branco, e o EBA apresentaram a melhor adaptação às paredes das cavidades.
The aim of this study was to analyze the marginal adaptation of retro-fillings materials using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sample consisted of 60 human canines, in wich apicoectomy was performed on the three final millimeters and three millimeters deep retro-preparation was achieved through round burs. The specimens were divided in 6 groups and retrofilled with super EBA, Castor oil polymer, Vidrion Endo, Ketac Endo, MTA ProRoot, Portland white cement. Resected root apices with retro preparation and their respective impressions were examined by means of SEM magnified 50 times to allow measurement of occasional gaps between the filling material and tooth walls. Portland cement and EBA show good adaptation in walls of retro filling cavities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Retrograde Obturation , Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a adaptação marginal de materias retroobturadores por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Utilizou-se 12 pré-molares inferiores epicetomizados, eliminando-se 3.0 milímetros finais de cada raiz e executando-se em seguida os retropreparos com profundidade de 3,0 milímetros mediante o uso de pontas ultra-sônicas. Dividiram-se os espécimes em três grupos de quatro elementos e foram feitas retroobturações com amálgama, Super EBA e MTA, analisadas em aumento de 1000 X para verificação e medição dos gaps eventualmente encontrados entre o material retroobturador e as paredes dentinárias. Os três materiais testados apresentaram falhas na adaptação marginal.