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Tilapia is suitable for industrial roasting production because of its good flavor and processing adaptability. In this study, the key physicochemical properties and volatile compounds for sensory formation of roasted tilapia were identified after roasting condition optimization. The highest sensory score was obtained at 215 °C, 45 min, and 4% oil. During roasting, the a*, b*, hardness, chewiness, and oxidation of proteins and lipids significantly increased, the moisture content decreased, and the myofibrillar protein aggregation was observed by scanning electron microscope. After identification and quantification by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, 10 compounds with odor active value ≥1 were selected as characteristic flavor compounds. The correlation network indicated that the sensory formation mainly resulted from Maillard reaction, myofibrillar protein aggregation, and improvement of pleasant volatile flavor compounds induced by oxidation of proteins and lipids and water loss. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for roasted tilapia production.
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Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome event where myocardial ischemia is present, with an increase of cardiac troponins without an elevation of the ST segment. One of the fundamental measures used to diagnose or rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is troponin levels in the blood. Troponin is a broad term used for the category of muscle contraction regulatory proteins and is commonly measured during ACS evaluation. Troponin I is only released by cardiac tissue, while some assay measurements will also pick up troponin released by skeletal muscle injury. This retrospective observational study was performed investigating troponin assays and how they relate to patient's outcomes. The troponin assays used in this Miami hospital where the database of patients was collected between 2018 and 2023 were troponin I (cTnI), the conventional troponin assay, and the newer high-sensitivity troponin I assay (hs-cTn). In this observational study patients who received an admitting diagnosis of NSTEMI corroborated by an independent cardiologist had their respective troponin assay levels included. Patients found to have ECG changes significant for non-ischemic pathologies, or echocardiogram findings suggestive of myocardial dysfunction not clinically correlated to an ACS were excluded from the study. A total of 75 patients were included in this study and the mean age was 75.97 ±14.72 years, with a presentation of chest pain, dyspnea and general weakness recorded in 59% (n = 45) of patients. The median time between troponin samples was 6.63 hours across both assays and hs-cTn showed a 4.99% increase in variation between samples while cTnI had a decrease of 2.53%. The study objective is to support whether there is a difference in rates of cardiac catheterization or mortality based on the type of troponin testing. There was no significant association found between, the type of troponin assay used during hospital admission, and the outcomes of catheterization and death (p > 0.009).
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Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are not only important for their therapeutic potential but also significantly influence the flavor profiles of agricultural products. VSCs exhibit various chemical structures due to their stability and volatility, and they may form or be altered as a result of enzymatic and chemical reactions during storage and cooking. This study has focused on profiles of VSCs in 58 different vegetable samples by using HS-SPME-GC/MS technique and chemometric analyses. The validation was carried out using cabbage juice as a vegetable matrix for VSCs analysis, showing satisfactory repeatability (RSD 8.07% ~ 9.45%), reproducibility (RSD 4.22% ~ 7.71%), accuracy and specificity. The established method was utilized on various vegetables, revealing that 21 VSCs such as sulfides, disulfides, trisulfides, isothiocyanates, sulfhydryls, and thiophenes were successfully identified and quantified. These compounds were found in a range of vegetables including Allium species, Cruciferae, Capsicum species, green leafy vegetables, and mushrooms. In particular, isocyanate and allyl groups were abundant in Cruciferae and Allium vegetables, respectively. Cooking conditions were shown to reduce the levels of certain sulfur compounds such as dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide in vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, suggesting that heat treatment can lead to the volatilization and reduction of these compounds. The present study provides reliable insights into the compositions of VSCs in various vegetables and examines the changes induced by different cooking methods.
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Background: This study aimed to measure the associations between different inflammatory factors, namely interleukin (IL)-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 125 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 50 healthy controls were recruited. Clinical characteristics and atherosclerosis were assessed. IL-17A, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels were measured. Results: Psoriasis vulgaris patients with atherosclerosis had higher levels of hs-CRP (median = 1.22; interquartile range-IQR = 0.34-12.11) and IL-17A (median = 1.30; IQR = 0.43-4.28), but a lower level of TNF-α (median = 0.54; IQR = 0.13-3.41) compared to those without atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). Only LogIL-17A was positively related to atherosclerosis in psoriasis patients (Odds Ratio-OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06-4.38, p < 0.05). After excluding systemically treated patients, LogIL-17A and Log TNF-α were associated with the likelihood of atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests a link between elevated levels of IL-17A and TNF-α and subclinical atherosclerosis. Further investigation on a larger scale is required to establish the causality of this relationship.
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This study investigated the impacts of microwave reheating (MR), boil reheating (BR), and steam reheating (SR) on the flavor profile of Ceramic-Pot Sealed Meat (CPSM). Electronic nose and tongue revealed that the microwaving was superior in preserving the original olfactory and gustatory profiles of CPSM compared to the other methods. Headspace- Gas chromatography- ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) detected 48 compounds, encompassing 15 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 7 esters, 2 alkenes, and 2 others, 1 acid. Spectral and clustering analysis revealed a significant rise in the content of Warmed-over flavor compounds after boil reheating, culminating in pronounced flavor distortion and a decline in sensory scores. Relative odor activity value (ROAV) and chemometrics identified nine substances as the principal flavor compounds responsible to flavor distortion. In conclusion, all reheating methods induce changes in the original flavor characteristics profiles of CPSM. However, microwave reheating offers superior preservation of the flavor characteristics of CPSM.
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Beer fish is characterized by its distinctive spicy flavor and strong beer aroma. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive research analyzing the changes in taste and volatile compounds that occur during the processing of beer fish. Thus, this study used HS-GC-IMS, electronic tongue, and electronic nose to investigate the changes in flavor components during various processing stages of beer fish. The obtained results were subsequently analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the final beer fish product (SF) had the greatest amount of free amino acids (888.28 mg/100 g), with alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine contributing to the taste of SF. The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of beer fish meat varied noticeably depending on processing stages, with deep-fried fish (FF) having the greatest IMP content (61.93 mg/100 g), followed by the final product (SF) and ultrasonic-cured fish (UF). A total of 67 volatiles were detected by GC-IMS, mainly consisting of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, of which aldehydes accounted for >37%, which had a great influence on the volatile flavor of beer fish. The flavor components' composition varied noticeably depending on the stage of processing. PLS-DA model screened 35 volatile flavor components (VIP > 1) as markers; the most significant differences were 1-propanethiol, isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, and eucalyptol. Ultrasonic processing, frying, and soaking sauce can significantly improve the formation of flavor compounds, resulting in a notable enhancement of the final beer fish's umami taste and overall flavor quality.
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The present study comprehensively characterized the flavor differences between different varieties of douchis from different origins using headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) coupled with gas chromatography-olfactometry-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-O-QTOF/MS). A total of 91 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified using HS-GC-IMS and 70 VOCs were identified using GC-O-QTOF/MS, mainly including acids, aldehydes, esters and alcohols. Additionally, 23 key aroma-presenting compounds were screened in five douchi species using relative odor activity value (ROAV) and the aroma compounds that contributed the most to the aroma varied among the five douchi species. Comparative analysis of the GC-IMS and GC-O-QTOF/ MS results yielded 13 VOCs that were detected by both techniques. Nonanal, hexanal, eucalyptol, 1-octen-3-ol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-pentylfuran were identified as key VOCs in the douchi species using both methods. These findings will provide deeper insights for exploring flavor differences in douchi from different geographic sources.
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This investigation explores the impact of various fermentation techniques and the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis spores on the physicochemical properties and principal flavor profiles of Huangjiu. Employing sensory analysis, headspace solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), we observed that these variables significantly alter the physicochemical attributes of Huangjiu. Our analysis, integrating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with odor activity values (OAV), revealed that while B. subtilis inoculation modifies the concentrations of key flavor compounds, it does not affect their types. Notably, the inoculation enhances the concentrations of 13 primary flavor compounds, thereby enriching floral and fruity notes while reducing higher alcohol levels. These findings contribute valuable insights into the flavor formation mechanisms of Huangjiu and guide the optimization of fermentation processes.
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Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Most patients with moderate-to-severe disease require long-term antibiotic treatment, or biologic treatments to control their disease. Despite these interventions, relapses are common. This study evaluated the effectiveness of piperacillin/tazobactam treatment in patients with Hurley stage II and III HS who experienced disease flares and did not respond to conventional antibiotic and biologic treatment. Methods: Patients with HS hospitalized at the Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center between August 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A cohort of ten such patients were treated with piperacillin/tazobactam for 6-21 days. Eight (80%) and two (20%) patients respectively demonstrated 2- and 1-grade improvements, from their baseline HS-Physician Global Assessment score. During the follow-up period, nine patients were monitored. HS Clinical Response (HiSCR) was achieved in six (66.7%) and five (55.6%) patients at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, Piperacillin/tazobactam emerges as a promising therapeutic option for disease flare-up in patients with Hurley stage II and III HS who do not respond to conventional treatment. Thus, piperacillin/tazobactam should be considered as crisis therapy for this patient subset.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Hidradenitis Suppurativa , Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination , Severity of Illness Index , Humans , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy , Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Symptom Flare Up , Young AdultABSTRACT
Xijiao Huojiu (Xijiao), an ancient Chinese rice wine (ACRW), is produced using traditional methods, which involve biological-ageing-like process and result in distinctive sensory profiles. However, its aroma composition is still unclear. In this study, the aroma characteristics of three samples with varying ageing times were examined. Xijiao_SCT, with a short cellar time, exhibited a strong fruity and floral aroma and a less grain-like aroma. Conversely, Xijiao_LCT, which had a long cellar time, had a deep cocoa- and caramel-like aroma. A total of 27 key odorants that greatly influenced the aroma characteristics of Xijiao were identified. Comparative studies were used to identify 12 key odorants that distinguish Xijiao from modern Chinese rice wine (MCRW) and grape wines (GW). Additionally, 13 dominant latent ageing markers differentiated Xijiao_SCT from Xijiao_LCT. Our results suggested that ACRW and MCRW have overlapping but distinct volatile metabolomic profiles, highlighting the characteristics of ACRW during ageing process.
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The authenticity of salted goose products is concerning for consumers. This study describes an integrated deep-learning framework based on a generative adversarial network and combines it with data from headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, E-nose, E-tongue, quantitative descriptive analysis, and free amino acid and 5'-nucleotide analyses to achieve reliable discrimination of four salted goose breeds. Volatile and non-volatile compounds and sensory characteristics and intelligent sensory characteristics were analyzed. A preliminary composite dataset was generated in InfoGAN and provided to several base classifiers for training. The prediction results were fused via dynamic weighting to produce an integrated model prediction. An ablation study demonstrated that ensemble learning was indispensable to improving the generalization capability of the model. The framework has an accuracy of 95%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.080, a precision of 0.9450, a recall of 0.9470, and an F1-score of 0.9460.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum freeze drying combined with catalytic infrared drying (FD-CIRD) process on aromas, free amino acids, reducing sugars and free fatty acids in chive leaves and stems. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate data analysis revealed that dipropyl disulfide was the key aroma that distinguished the differences between chive leaves and stems. The key aromas benzeneacetaldehyde, decanal and 1-octen-3-ol enhanced FD-CIRD chive leaves and stems aromas. The free amino acid content was highest at FD-CIRD stage in all samples except for the control (FD), while the reducing sugar content was lowest. The content of unsaturated fatty acids gradually decreased at FD stage and increased at FD-CIRD stage. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that phenylalanine was a potential precursor of benzacetenealdehyde, oleic and linolenic acids were potential precursors of decanal and 1-octen-3-ol. Therefore, FD-CIRD technique helps to improve the sensory profile of dried chives.
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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine sweat glands, presenting with comedones, papules, nodules, and abscesses, as well as tunnels and hypertrophic scarring. Despite its prevalence and impact on quality of life, the pathogenesis of HS remains incompletely understood. Notably, its diagnosis often suffers from delays and misidentification, therefore an improved education for healthcare providers is mandatory. Moreover, HS is frequently associated with systemic comorbidities and a multidisciplinary approach is suggested for its management. Recognizing these challenges, a group of Italian HS experts and patients convened to develop consensus guidelines via the Nominal Group Technique. Through iterative meetings and remote collaboration, they identified key areas for improvement and formulated consensus statements to guide healthcare providers in delivering optimal care. This collaborative effort highlights the importance of standardized approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing HS effectively.
Subject(s)
Consensus , Hidradenitis Suppurativa , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/therapy , Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis , Humans , Quality of Life , ItalyABSTRACT
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as a relatively rapid and effective minimally invasive treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD), can effectively relieve coronary artery stenosis and restore myocardial perfusion. However, the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is a significant challenge for post PCI care. To better understand risk/benefit indicators and provide post PCI MACE prediction, 408 patients with CHD who had undergone PCI treatment from 2018 to 2021 in Tianjin Chest hospital were retrospectively studied for their clinical characteristics in relation with the MACE occurrence during a 12-month follow-up. In the study, 194 patients had MACE and 214 patients remained MACE-free. Using uni- and multivariate regression analyses, we have shown that smoking history, elevated serum C-reactive protein levels (hs-CRP), and high haemoglobin levels A1c (HbA1c) are all independent risk factors for MACE after PCI. Furthermore, we have discovered that the serum level of IL-38, one of the latest members identified in the IL-1 cytokine family, is another predictive factor and is reversely related to the occurrence of MACE. The serum level of IL-38 alone is capable of predicting non-MACE occurrence in subcategorized patients with abnormal levels of hs-CRP and/or HbA1c.
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BACKGROUND: Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS2ST1) catalyzes the sulfation of glucuronic acid residues in heparan sulfate proteoglycans, enabling these proteoglycans to interact with numerous ligands within tumor microenvironments. However, the prognostic role of HS2ST1 expression in cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This investigated HS2ST1 expression levels and their prognostic significance in various cancer types, demonstrated the prognostic value of HS2ST1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and identified molecular signatures associated with HS2ST1 expression. METHODS: HS2ST1 expression and patient survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) portal. We obtained gene expression and clinicopathological information on HCC patients from the TCGA and the Japan and France International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases and performed survival analyses. We also examined relevant protein networks, differentially expressed genes, gene set enrichments, and tumor immune microenvironment features associated with HS2ST1 expression. RESULTS: HS2ST1 exhibited higher expression in eight tumor types compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor prognoses in five tumors, including HCC. HS2ST1 status correlated with poor prognosis in two ICGC HCC cohorts. Elevated HS2ST1 expression in HCC tumors was associated with signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, protein secretion, and mTORC1 signaling. Moreover, HS2ST1 expression levels were inversely correlated with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION: Our study elucidates the prognostic significance of HS2ST1 expression in HCC patients and provides insights into the potential roles of HS2ST1 in signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment.
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LINE-1 belongs to a family of DNA elements that move to new locations in the genome in a process called "retrotransposition." This is achieved by a copy-and-paste mechanism with the aid of an RNA intermediate. The full-length LINE-1 is responsible for most retrotransposition activity in the human genome. Detecting the active LINE-1 RNA at the endogenous level is challenging due to its small percentage among inactive copies and its different forms of transcripts. Here, we describe a method of designing RNA probes to detect active LINE-1 by northern blotting and use optimized conditions and tools to make the detection practical. This method uses a classical long RNA probe and provides an alternative way to detect LINE-1 RNA using multiple short RNA probes.
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It is imperative to unravel the dynamic variation of volatile components of vine tea during processing to provide guidance for tea quality evaluation. In this study, the dynamic changes of volatile compounds of vine tea during processing were characterized by GC-IMS and HS-SPME/GC-MS. As a result, 103 volatile compounds were characterized by the two technologies with three overlapped ones. The random forest approach was employed to develop the models and explore key volatile compounds. 23 key compounds were explored, among which 13 were derived from GC-IMS and ten were from HS-SPME/GC-MS. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve with 100 cross validations by the pair-wised models were all 1 for the established models. Furthermore, the primary aroma formation mechanism for the key volatile compounds were mainly involved in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Besides, this study provides a theoretical support for directed processing and quality control of vine tea.
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Based on the technical methods of GB/T 42430-2023 and GA/T 204-2019, this study established an analytical method for headspace injection double-column dual-detector (hydrogen flame ion detector) gas chromatography for the simultaneous analysis of at least 12 volatile compounds, including ethanol, in human blood using two different equipment platforms and chromatographic columns. A 100 µL blood or urine sample and a 0.04 g/L tert-butanol working solution prepared as an internal standard are introduced into the headspace sample bottle and then sealed, mixed, and placed on the headspace sampler rack. Using different equipment platforms and columns, methodological parameters such as the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy of the method were systematically evaluated. The chromatographic separation of acetone, alcohols and benzenes using the established method was satisfactory. The linear ranges, linear correlation coefficients (r), and LODs of acetone and six alcohols, including ethanol, were 0.10-3.00 g/L, >0.997, and 0.05 g/L, respectively. The LOQs were 0.10 g/L for all other compounds, excluding n-propanol (0.005 g/L). Additionally, the linear ranges, r values, LODs, and LOQs of benzene and four benzene derivatives were 0.05-50 mg/L, >0.995, 0.02 mg/L, and 0.05 mg/L, respectively (Column J&W DB-BAC1 UI and Column Rtx-BAC-PLUS 2). The average recoveries of compounds on J&W DB-BAC1 UI and Rtx-BAC-PLUS 2 columns ranged from 92.2% to 111.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) ranged from 0.4% to 7.4%. The LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and linearity of the established method met the requirements of relevant standards, and no significant differences arose between the methodological parameters of the two platforms. CNAS-GL006 (2019) and JJF 1059.1-2012 were used as guides to evaluate the uncertainty of ethanol on two different sets of equipment platforms and chromatographic columns. The ethanol uncertainty was mainly derived from the calibration curve; however, the confidence probability was 95% (k=2). According to the analysis of the verification samples and real samples, the established method is suitable for the high-precision quantitative analysis of acetone and six alcohols and five benzene derivatives in human blood and other body fluids. It can be used in practical scenarios such as judicial identification and the detection of poisons.