Fish meal obtained from the processing of Rhamdia quelen: an alternative protein source / Farinha de peixe obtida do processamento de Rhamdia quelen: uma fonte proteica alternativa

The study of alternative protein sources is very important to lower the cost of aquafeeds. In this study, the use of waste from the processing of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) in the diet of juveniles of this species was evaluated. This feed was used in a recirculation system with 16 polypropylene tanks (280 L), each one containing 50 fish (initial weight = 5.50 ± 0.09 g). Fish were tested on four diets (37% crude protein and 3200 kcal kg-1 digestible energy): a control diet composed of swine meat and bone meal, one with meal made from silver catfish carcasses with viscera, a diet of meal from carcasses without viscera, and a diet of fish meal made from the whole fish. The data measured were final weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, and protein retention rate of fishes on different diets. Overall higher final weight (50.5 g), specific growth rate (3.9% day-1), feed conversion (1.3:1), and deposition of body protein (6.3 g) was observed for fish fed with the diet containing carcass meal from silver catfish with viscera than on the other diets. The incorporation of waste meal from the processing of silver catfish into the diet is viable for achieving fish growth.

O estudo de fontes de proteínas alternativas é muito importante para reduzir o custo de dietas aquícolas. Neste estudo foi avaliada a utilização de resíduos do processamento de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) na dieta de juvenis desta espécie. Deste modo, foi utilizado sistema de recirculação com 16 tanques de polipropileno (280 L), cada um com 50 peixes (peso inicial = 5,5 ± 0,09 g). Foram testadas quatro dietas (37% de proteína bruta e 3.200 kcal-1 kg de energia digestível): dieta controle, composta por farinha de carne e ossos suína, substituída por farinha de peixe, composta por peixe inteiro (jundiá), farinha de carcaças de jundiá com vísceras e dieta com farinha de carcaças de jundiá sem vísceras. Foi avaliado, o peso final, fator de condição, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de conversão alimentar, ganho de peso diário e taxa de retenção de proteína. Observou-se maior peso final (50,5 g), taxa de crescimento específico (3,9% dia-1), conversão alimentar (1,3:1), deposição de proteína corporal (6,3 g) para os peixes alimentados com as dietas compostas por farinha de carcaça de jundiás com vísceras. A incorporação de farinha de resíduos do processamento de jundiás na dieta é viável para o crescimento dos peixes.

Fish meal obtained from the processing of Rhamdia quelen: an alternative protein source / Farinha de peixe obtida do processamento de Rhamdia quelen: uma fonte proteica alternativa

The study of alternative protein sources is very important to lower the cost of aquafeeds. In this study, the use of waste from the processing of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) in the diet of juveniles of this species was evaluated. This feed was used in a recirculation system with 16 polypropylene tanks (280 L), each one containing 50 fish (initial weight = 5.50 ± 0.09 g). Fish were tested on four diets (37% crude protein and 3200 kcal kg-1 digestible energy): a control diet composed of swine meat and bone meal, one with meal made from silver catfish carcasses with viscera, a diet of meal from carcasses without viscera, and a diet of fish meal made from the whole fish. The data measured were final weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, and protein retention rate of fishes on different diets. Overall higher final weight (50.5 g), specific growth rate (3.9% day-1), feed conversion (1.3:1), and deposition of body protein (6.3 g) was observed for fish fed with the diet containing carcass meal from silver catfish with viscera than on the other diets. The incorporation of waste meal from the processing of silver catfish into the diet is viable for achieving fish growth.(AU)

O estudo de fontes de proteínas alternativas é muito importante para reduzir o custo de dietas aquícolas. Neste estudo foi avaliada a utilização de resíduos do processamento de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) na dieta de juvenis desta espécie. Deste modo, foi utilizado sistema de recirculação com 16 tanques de polipropileno (280 L), cada um com 50 peixes (peso inicial = 5,5 ± 0,09 g). Foram testadas quatro dietas (37% de proteína bruta e 3.200 kcal-1 kg de energia digestível): dieta controle, composta por farinha de carne e ossos suína, substituída por farinha de peixe, composta por peixe inteiro (jundiá), farinha de carcaças de jundiá com vísceras e dieta com farinha de carcaças de jundiá sem vísceras. Foi avaliado, o peso final, fator de condição, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de conversão alimentar, ganho de peso diário e taxa de retenção de proteína. Observou-se maior peso final (50,5 g), taxa de crescimento específico (3,9% dia-1), conversão alimentar (1,3:1), deposição de proteína corporal (6,3 g) para os peixes alimentados com as dietas compostas por farinha de carcaça de jundiás com vísceras. A incorporação de farinha de resíduos do processamento de jundiás na dieta é viável para o crescimento dos peixes.(AU)

Effect of EDTA conditioning on cervical restorations bonded with a self-etch adhesive: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the 18-month retention rates of composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions [NCCLs] bonded with a self-etch adhesive with and without preliminary conditioning with EDTA. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with two similar-sized NCCL were selected and randomly allocated to one of two groups. Two calibrated operators placed 96 restorations with a one-step self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy One, 3M ESPE). Half of the restorations were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions while, for the other half, the surfaces of the lesions were conditioned with 17% EDTA for 2 min prior to adhesive application. Two blinded and independent examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months, according to the FDI criteria. The comparison between groups in each period was conducted with the Fisher's exact test, and the performance of each group at the different periods was evaluated by McNemar's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: After 18 months, significantly higher retention rates (95% CI) were observed for the EDTA group (95.5 [84.9-98.7]) than the control group (79.6% [65.5-88.9]) (p=0.02). Significant deterioration of the marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration were observed for both groups over the 18-month evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary conditioning with EDTA before application of a one-step self-etch adhesive significantly improved the retention rates of composite restorations in cervical lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conditioning with EDTA is an alternative that improves the 18-month retention rate of cervical restorations bonded with a self-etch adhesive.

Effect of body development from first insemination to first weaning on performance and culling until the third farrowing of Landrace x Large White swine females / Efeito do desenvolvimento corporal desde a primeira inseminação até o primeiro desmame no desempenho e descarte até o terceiro parto de fêmeas suínas Landrace x Large White

The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until the 1st weaning with reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until the 3rd farrowing in 196 primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in the 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.70), weight at the 1st weaning (OR= 0.73) or weight gain from the 1st artificial insemination (AI) to the 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long weaning-to-oestrus interval - WOI (>5 days). An increasing lactation length and an increase in the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR= 0.77-0.80, per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.52-1.59, per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WOI. Sows with <159.5kg at weaning had higher odds of non-farrowing (NFR) compared to sows with >170kg (OR= 4.73). Sows with <17.5kg of gain from the 1st AI to the 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR= 0.74). Females weighing <139kg at the 1st AI had higher percentages of small numbers of total born in the second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR= 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139kg. Sows with weight gain <25kg at the 1st pregnancy had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35kg. Each 10kg of increase in weight at the 1st weaning or in weight gain from the 1st AI to the 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling for reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). The culling rate until the 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with a smaller first litter size. The results show that not only reaching a minimum weight at the 1st AI but also having an adequate body weight gain until the 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of Landrace x Large White Danbred sows in the herd.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar, com modelos de regressão logística, a associação entre características de desenvolvimento corporal até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de remoção até o 3º parto de 196 fêmeas suínas primíparas. Houve redução nas chances de as fêmeas terem intervalo desmame-estro (IDE) longo (>5 dias) a cada 10kg de aumento no ganho de peso na 1ª gestação - GPG1 (razão de chance - RC = 0,63), peso no 1º parto - PP1 (RC= 0,70), peso no 1º desmame - PD1 (RC= 0,73) ou ganho de peso da 1ª inseminação artificial (IA) ao 1º desmame - GPIAD1 (RC= 0,67). O percentual de porcas com IDE longo reduziu com o aumento da duração da lactação (RC= 0,77-0,80, por dia de lactação) e aumentou com o aumento no número de leitões desmamados (RC= 1,52-1,59, por leitão desmamado). Porcas com <159,5kg ao desmame tiveram maior chance de não parir (NP) em comparação a porcas com >170 kg (RC= 4,73). Porcas com <17,5kg de GPIAD1 tiveram maior chance (RC= 4,88) de NP do que porcas ganhando >30kg. O aumento da duração da lactação reduziu a chance de NP (RC= 0,74, para cada dia). Fêmeas com <139kg na 1ª IA tiveram maior chance de terem leitegada pequena no segundo parto - LPSP (RC= 2,00) ou ao longo de 3 partos (RC= 3,28), em comparação às fêmeas com ≥139kg. Fêmeas com GPG1 <25kg tiveram maior chance de LPSP (RC= 3,01) do que fêmeas com >35kg. Houve diminuição na taxa geral de descarte (RC= 0,71 e 0,73, respectivamente) e descarte por causas reprodutivas (RC= 0,57 e 0,61, respectivamente) para cada 10kg de aumento no PD1 e GPIAD1. A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto também aumentou nas porcas com menor leitegada no primeiro parto. Os resultados mostram que, além de atingir um peso mínimo na 1ª IA, o ganho de peso entre a 1ª IA e o primeiro desmame é importante para o desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade e retenção de fêmeas Danbred Landrace x Large White no rebanho.(AU)

Effect of body development from first insemination to first weaning on performance and culling until the third farrowing of Landrace x Large White swine females / Efeito do desenvolvimento corporal desde a primeira inseminação até o primeiro desmame no desempenho e descarte até o terceiro parto de fêmeas suínas Landrace x Large White

The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until the 1st weaning with reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until the 3rd farrowing in 196 primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in the 1stpregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.70), weight at the 1st weaning (OR= 0.73) or weight gain from the 1startificial insemination (AI) to the 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long weaning-to-oestrus interval - WOI (>5 days). An increasing lactation length and an increase in the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR= 0.77-0.80, per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.52-1.59, per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WOI. Sows with <159.5kg at weaning had higher odds of non-farrowing (NFR) compared to sows with >170kg (OR= 4.73). Sows with <17.5kg of gain from the 1st AI to the 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR= 0.74). Females weighing <139kg at the 1st AI had higher percentages of small numbers of total born in the second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR= 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139kg. Sows with weight gain <25kg at the 1st pregnancy had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35kg. Each 10kg of increase in weight at the 1st weaning or in weight gain from the 1st AI to the 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling for reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). The culling rate until the 3rdfarrowing was also increased in sows with a smaller first litter size. The results show that not only reaching a minimum weight at the 1st AI but also having an adequate body weight gain until the 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of Landrace x Large White Danbred sows in the herd.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar, com modelos de regressão logística, a associação entre características de desenvolvimento corporal até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de remoção até o 3º parto de 196 fêmeas suínas primíparas. Houve redução nas chances de as fêmeas terem intervalo desmame-estro (IDE) longo (>5 dias) a cada 10kg de aumento no ganho de peso na 1ª gestação - GPG1 (razão de chance - RC = 0,63), peso no 1º parto - PP1 (RC= 0,70), peso no 1º desmame - PD1 (RC= 0,73) ou ganho de peso da 1ª inseminação artificial (IA) ao 1º desmame - GPIAD1 (RC= 0,67). O percentual de porcas com IDE longo reduziu com o aumento da duração da lactação (RC= 0,77-0,80, por dia de lactação) e aumentou com o aumento no número de leitões desmamados (RC= 1,52-1,59, por leitão desmamado). Porcas com <159,5kg ao desmame tiveram maior chance de não parir (NP) em comparação a porcas com >170 kg (RC= 4,73). Porcas com <17,5kg de GPIAD1 tiveram maior chance (RC= 4,88) de NP do que porcas ganhando >30kg. O aumento da duração da lactação reduziu a chance de NP (RC= 0,74, para cada dia). Fêmeas com <139kg na 1ª IA tiveram maior chance de terem leitegada pequena no segundo parto - LPSP (RC= 2,00) ou ao longo de 3 partos (RC= 3,28), em comparação às fêmeas com ≥139kg. Fêmeas com GPG1 <25kg tiveram maior chance de LPSP (RC= 3,01) do que fêmeas com >35kg. Houve diminuição na taxa geral de descarte (RC= 0,71 e 0,73, respectivamente) e descarte por causas reprodutivas (RC= 0,57 e 0,61, respectivamente) para cada 10kg de aumento no PD1 e GPIAD1. A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto também aumentou nas porcas com menor leitegada no primeiro parto. Os resultados mostram que, além de atingir um peso mínimo na 1ª IA, o ganho de peso entre a 1ª IA e o primeiro desmame é importante para o desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade e retenção de fêmeas Danbred Landrace x Large White no rebanho.(AU)

Safety and retention rate of rufinamide in 300 patients: a single pediatric epilepsy center experience.

OBJECTIVE: Reports of studies evaluating rufinamide as an add-on therapy in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy are restricted to a few publications. Prospective multicenter studies including children and adults have yielded important information about several types of epilepsies and syndromes. We evaluated the use of rufinamide in a single pediatric center with a large cohort and long-term follow-up period. METHODS: We retrospectively included patients taking rufinamide from November 2008 to March 2013. Response was defined by a seizure reduction of ≥50% compared to baseline. RESULTS: Three hundred patients with a median age of 9.1 years (range 0.4-29.6 years) were reviewed. Median follow-up was 9 months (range 1-37 months). Epilepsy etiology was classified as genetic (23.7%), structural/metabolic (41%), and unknown cause (35.3%). Overall, rufinamide treatment led to a median seizure frequency reduction of 59.2% from responders to baseline. Seizure reduction was greater in patients with genetic etiology compared to structural/metabolic (66.2% vs. 45.5% responders, p = 0.005). Rufinamide was discontinued in 110 (36.7%) of 300 patients: 63 (21%) due to unsatisfactory response, 47 (15.7%) due to side effects, and in 18 (6%) of those due to both. Most common adverse effects were sleepiness, vomiting, mood changes, nausea, and loss of appetite. Median time to loss of efficacy was 11.6 months (range 3-28 months). SIGNIFICANCE: Rufinamide provides satisfactory seizure reduction as an adjunctive treatment in refractory epilepsy. Results need to be interpreted in the setting of data acquisition, including inherent biases of retrospective studies. Patients with a known genetic etiology may have better responses than patients with structural/metabolic etiology.