Acid Suppression Does Not Improve Laryngomalacia Outcomes but Treatment for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Might Be Protective.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of acid suppression and thickened feeds impact laryngomalacia outcomes in infants, including supraglottoplasty risk, time to supraglottoplasty, and hospitalization risk. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare risk and time with supraglottoplasty and frequency and duration of hospitalizations for infants diagnosed with laryngomalacia at Boston Children's Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2017. The primary outcomes were supraglottoplasty requirement, time to supraglottoplasty, and hospitalization risk. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of supraglottoplasty and hospitalization risk after adjusting for laryngomalacia severity and comorbidities in addition to propensity score adjustment. Kaplan-Meier curves were created to determine the impact of acid suppression use on time to supraglottoplasty. RESULTS: In total, 236 subjects with mean age 62.6 ± 4 days were included in the analysis; 55% were treated with acid suppression. Subjects treated with acid suppression had a greater risk of supraglottoplasty (hazard ratio 3.36, 95% CI 1.36-8.29, P = .009), shorter time to supraglottoplasty (5.64 ± 0.92 vs 7.98 ± 1.92 months, P = .006), and increased respiratory hospitalization risk (relative risk 1.97, 95% CI 1.01-3.85, 0.047), even after adjustment for covariates. Subjects receiving thickening had fewer respiratory hospitalization nights and longer time to supraglottoplasty (9.3 ± 1.7 vs 4.56 ± 0.73 months, P = .004), even after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Acid suppression use does not reduce the frequency of supraglottoplasty and related hospitalizations compared with untreated subjects. However, patients treated with thickening have decreased hospitalization and longer time to supraglottoplasty, suggesting that thickening of feeds may be a preferred intervention over acid suppression.

Indicaciones y resultados de la supraglotoplastia en pacientes pediátricos en la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia en Bogotá, Colombia, una ciudad a 2 600 metros sobre el nivel del mar, del año 2017-2018 / Indications and results of supraglottoplasty in pediatric patients at Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia in Bogotá, Colombia, a city at 2,600 meters above sea level, years 2017-2018

La causa más común de estridor en población pediátrica es la laringomalacia. En trabajos publicados a nivel del mar se ha descrito una incidencia del 70% en pacientes con estridor. Materiales y Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal de la cohorte de pacientes operados de supraglotoplastía en un hospital pediátrico de cuarto nivel en una ciudad localizada a 2600 mts de altitud entre el año 2017 - 2018. Resultados: Fueron intervenidos 44 pacientes, el 55% de los pacientes eran mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 11 meses (RIQ 11 días ­ 6 años), el 4,5% fueron diagnosticados con laringomalacia Tipo I, Tipo II 43%, 2,2% Tipo III y mixtas 29,5% según la clasificación de Olmey. La indicación quirúrgica se debió a falla del medro en 8 pacientes, Síndrome sibilante con riesgo inminente de falla respirato Trabajos ria en 17, episodio breve resuelto inexplicado (BRUE) de alto riesgo en 3 y apnea del sueño de predominio obstructivo 20 pacientes. De los 20 pacientes con síndrome de apnea del sueño se obtuvo el resultado del polisomnograma en 18 pacientes donde el promedio de Índice de apnea hipopnea fue de 30,5 con una desaturación de oxígeno máxima (Nadir) del 70%. Con respecto a la intervención quirúrgica se realizó supraglotoplastia tipo I en 5 pacientes, tipo II en 30, y en 9 tipo III. el 95% de los pacientes presentaban alguna comorbilidad y el 25% de los pacientes tenían diagnóstico de anomalías craneofaciales. En 9 pacientes con síndrome de apnea hipopnea del sueño se obtuvo un polisomnograma postoperatorio con un promedio de Índice de apnea hipopnea de 15 con un nadhir del 82,8%. Conclusión: Al analizar los datos obtenidos encontramos que los pacientes operados en altura por esta condición presentan una menor incidencia de resolución completa del SAHs, pero presentan mejoría de los síntomas durante el sueño, y la saturación de oxigeno mínima, independientemente del índice de apnea hipopnea residual

The most common cause of stridor in pediatric population is laryngomalacia. In papers published at sea level it has been describe an incidence of 70% in patients with stridor. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the cohort of patients that had undergo supraglotoplasty surgery in a fourth level pediatric hospital in a city located at an altitude of 2600 meter between 2017 - 2018. 44 patients were intervened, 4.5% of whom were diagnosed with type I laryngomalacia, 43% type II, 2.2% type III, 29.5% has more tan one type this according to Oley´s classification. The surgical indication was due to growing failure in 8 patient, inminent risk to respiratory failure in 17, high risk BRUE in 3 and severe sleep apnea in 20. Type I supraglotoplasty was performed in 5 patients , type II in 30 and in 9 type III. In 14 patients it was performed and additional procedure as dilatation of subglottic stenosis, amigdalectomy and tongue base resection. 95% of the patients had a comorbidity and 25% had a diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies. Conclusión: When analyzing the data obtained we found that patients operated at height for laryngomalacia, have a lower incidence of complete resolution of OSA, but show improvement of symptoms during sleep and minimal oxygen saturation, regardless of the residual hypopnea apnea index. The authors recommend pediatric otolaryngologists to take this difference into account when adressing a patient with laryngomalacia and other comorbidities.

Complete polysomnographic parameters in infants with severe laryngomalacia prior to and after supraglottoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly. Because of supraglottic prolapse, laryngomalacia may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep disturbances. The effects of OSA and sleep disorders in children include failure to thrive, cognitive and behavioral disturbances, cardiovascular compromise, and an association with sudden infant death syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of OSA and sleep disturbances in children with severe laryngomalacia through complete nocturnal polysomnography, as well as to establish the effects of supraglottoplasty in each of the polysomnographic parameters. RESULTS: Nine infants with severe laryngomalacia were included, all with a complete polysomnographic study prior to and after supraglottoplasty. The average age was 5.5 months. All patients presented an Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) within the range of severe OSA. After supraglottoplasty, a significant reduction in AHI was found, from 34.87 ±â€¯20.34 to 9.44 ±â€¯5.28 after surgery (p: 0.022). Additionally, sleep efficiency had a significant increase, from 21.4% to 56.29% of total sleep time (p: 0.0013). All patients presented a significant decrease in obstructive apnea episodes (p < 0.0001), as well as in hypopnea episodes (p: 0.0154). The mean and minimum peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) had a significant increase after supraglottoplasty from 88.2% to 94.09% (p: 0.0002), and from 81.01% to 89.33% (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Polysomnography (PSG) may provide better surgical sustenance in infants with severe laryngomalacia and OSA, as well as, serving as a monitoring tool of success. However, the surgical decision should not be reduced to polysomnographic results, and a good history and examination remain as the fundamental criteria.

Laringomalacia en pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño: Reporte de casos / Laryngomalacia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Case report

Introducción: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño, es una patología frecuente en nuestro medio y ha cobrado gran interés por su asociación a otras enfermedades. El colapso laríngeo es causa frecuente de no mejoría (persistencia de índice de apnea-hipopnea residual elevado) tras el manejo de otros niveles de la vía aérea. Objetivo: Realizar una descripción sociodemográfica y clínica de una serie de pacientes con laringomalacia y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Diseño: Estudio de serie de casos. Métodos: Se realiza un reporte de casos de una serie de pacientes manejados en el Hospital Militar Central y Clínica Universitaria Hospital San Rafael de Bogotá, con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y laringomalacia a quienes se les realizó supraglotoplastia, entre los años 2015 - 2017. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 pacientes con edad promedio de 6.8 años. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante somnoendoscopia. El tipo más frecuente de laringomalacia fue tipo III en 7 pacientes (63.6%), seguido de laringomalacia tipo II en 4 casos (36.3%). 6 de los pacientes (54.5%) presentaban un trastorno genético y/o neurológico asociado. La mayoría de los pacientes mejoraron su sintomatología durante el sueño, aunque 2 no presentaron un resultado favorable tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren una relación entre laringomalacia y SAHOS en la edad pediátrica.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a frequent disease in our region and due to its association with other diseases its importance is high. Larynx´s collapse is a frequent cause of non-improvement (persistence of residual apnea-hypopnea index) after treatment of other obstructive areas inside the airway. Objective: To perform a sociodemographic and clinical description of a series of patients with laryngomalacia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Design: Case series. Materials and methods: We present a report of patients managed at the Hospital Militar Central and University Hospital "Clínica San Rafael" of Bogotá, with obstructive sleep apnea and laryngomalacia syndrome who underwent supraglotoplasty between the years 2015 - 2017. Results: Eleven patients with an average age of 6.8 years were included. The diagnosis was made by somnoendoscopy. The most frequent type of laryngomalacia was type III in 7 patients (63.6%), followed by type II in 4 cases (36.3%). 6 of the patients (54.5%) presented an associated genetic and/or neurological disorder. Most of the patients improved their symptoms during sleep, although some did not show a favorable result after the surgical procedure. Conclusions: The study results suggest a relationship between laryngomalacia and OSAS in children.

Supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: The experience from Concepcion, Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical manifestations and outcomes of supraglottoplasty in patients with moderate to severe laryngomalacia at Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital between January 2015 and January 2017. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with laryngomalacia who underwent CO2 laser supraglottoplasty at a tertiary referral center. A review of medical records of these patients was performed. Epidemiological data along with symptoms, comorbidities, morphological type of laryngomalacia, synchronous airway lesions, surgery outcomes and satisfaction of parents after the procedure were recorded. Surgical success was defined as the resolution of the criteria of severity of laryngomalacia. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were operated, 1 was excluded due to prior tracheostomy. Twenty-three patients were included, the median age at the time of surgery was 5.5 months. All the patients had stridor, 87% presented feeding difficulties, 34.8 % had cyanosis and 21.7% had failure to thrive. Six cases had congenital anomalies and four cases had nongenetic comorbidities. Fifteen patients (65.2%) had synchronous airway lesions. 17.4% had type I laryngomalacia and 82.6% were type 2. The postoperative average hospital stay was 1.3 days. The average follow-up was 14 months and no complications were reported. The overall success rate of surgery was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with laryngomalacia and any symptom of severity should undergo a full airway evaluation, to rule out synchronous airway lesions, and supraglottoplasty if needed, as it has been shown to be a safe and effective technique for the management of these patients.

Supraglotoplastía láser en laringomalacia severa / Laser supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia

Introducción: La laringomalacia es la causa más frecuente de estridor en lactantes, representando el 60%-70% de los defectos congénitos laríngeos. Entre 10%-20% de estos pacientes puede requerir tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Revisar las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados de las supragloto-plastías en laringomalacia severa en nuestro hospital durante 2015. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes sometidos a supraglotoplastía en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción en 2015. Resultados: Se intervinieron 11 pacientes siendo el promedio de edad, al momento de la cirugía, de 7,3 meses. Todos los pacientes tenían dificultad para alimentarse y el 45% además cianosis con la alimentación y el llanto, desaturaciones y pausas respiratorias. Cuatro casos portaban anomalías congénitas asociadas y el 73% presentó lesiones concomitantes de vía aérea, principalmente estenosis subglótica (64%). Los tipos morfológicos observados de laringomalacia fueron los tipos I y II con 27% y 73%, respectivamente. La tasa de éxito quirúrgico fue de 91%, sin necesidad de revisiones y no se presentaron complicaciones relacionadas al procedimiento. Conclusiones: La supraglotoplastía con láser es una técnica segura y efectiva para el tratamiento de laringomalacia severa. Los pacientes con laringomalacia severa debiesen ser sometidos a una revisión completa de vía aérea para evaluar otras comorbilidades.

Introduction: Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants, accounting for 60%-70% of laryngeal congenital defects. Between 10% to 20% of these patients may require surgical treatment. Aim: To review the clinical manifestations and outcomes of supraglottoplasties in severe laryngomalacia at our hospital during 2015. Material and method: Retrospective medical record review of children that underwent CO2 laser supraglottoplasty at Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente in Concepcion during 2015. Results: Eleven patients were included in this study, the average age at the time of surgery was 7.3 months. All the patients had stridor associated with feeding difficulty and 45% of them also had cyanosis with feeding and crying, desaturations and respiratory pauses. Four cases had associated congenital anomalies and 73% of the patients had airway comorbidity, mostly subglottic stenosis (64%). All of ourpatients had types I and II laryngomalacia with 27% and 73%, respectively. The success rate of surgery was 91%, no patients required a revision supraglottoplasty and there were no complications related to the procedure. Conclusions: CO2 laser supraglottoplasty proved to be a safe and effective treatment for severe laryngomalacia. Patients with severe laryngomalacia should undergo a full airway revision under general anesthesia to assess airway comorbidity.

Supraglotoplastía asistida con microdebridador en pacientes con síndrome de Pierre Robin y laringomalacia severa / Assisted endoscopic microdebrider supraglottoplasty in patients with Pierre Robin syndrome and severe laryngomalacia

Se presenta el caso de una paciente recién nacida de término portadora de un síndrome de Pierre Robin asociada a laringomalacia severa que requirió resolución quirúrgica para estabilización de su vía aérea superior Se presenta la experiencia clínica en el uso de microdebridador para realización de supraglotoplastía como una novedosa alternativa en el tratamiento quirúrgico de este tipo de pacientes y se realiza revisión de la literatura respecto de esta técnica.

Pierre Robin syndrome is a triad formed by micrognathia, and cleft palate glossoptosis. His association with laryngomalacia is not set however determining the coexistence of these two diseases and their severity is of utmost importance as they condition the prognosis of a patient with Pierre Robin syndrome. Currently one of the surgical techniques used in patients with severe laryngomalacia, is assisted endoscopic microdebrider supraglottoplasty. In the ENT unit of the Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, this procedure is being implemented in order to give our patients a safe and effective treatment option for their pathology.