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Hypertension is an important risk factor concomitant with cardiovascular disease (CVD) states, which is why we set out to evaluate Californian red worm hydrolysates on antihypertensive activity both in vitro, ex vivo, using rabbit aortic rings and in vivo using hypertensive induced rats. The worms were manually separated, washed with water, purged for 4 h with 4 % sodium bicarbonate, sacrificed with 7 % saline, and finally washed with drinking water. The in vitro antihypertensive capacity was performed by measuring angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; for the ex vivo assays, rabbit aorta was used to measure relaxation; for the in vivo assays, rats with induced hypertension were used to perform acute (hypotension) and chronic assays, using captopril as a control in all assays. With respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, the EC50 value of the worm hydrolysate was found to be 358 ppm; with respect to the analysis in aortic rings, it was found that the mechanisms of action of the hydrolysate are endothelium-dependent, presenting a maximum relaxation of 35 %. With respect to the in vivo assays, the hypotensive test showed that the hydrolysate can reduce blood pressure by up to 32 % in only 2 h, while the chronic analysis showed that the hydrolysate at 150 ppm did not present statistically significant differences with the control (captopril) during the 15 days of analysis. The Red Californian earthworm hydrolysate presents bioactive compounds identified with antihypertensive activities in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in different isolated and animal models. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the hydrolysate to be used as an alternative in the treatment and prevention of hypertension, and it can be implemented in functional foods or nutraceutical foods. Antihypertensive peptides, particularly those that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), hold significant importance in medical research, specifically in the context of cardiovascular disease treatment, particularly hypertension. The focus on these peptides and the potential implications of their results in medical research can be summarized through several key points: 1) Mechanisms of Action-Antihypertensive peptides function by inhibiting ACE or renin, crucial enzymes in blood pressure regulation. 2)Alternatives to Synthetic Drugs, 3) Additional Health Benefits, and various other factors.
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Introducción: La presencia de hipertensión arterial en población joven aumenta el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares en la mediana edad y como consecuencia una morbimortalidad prematura. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial y la correlación con las medidas antropométricas y laboratoriales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción- Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2017 evaluando al inicio 284 universitarios y 240 al final de las carreras. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, presión arterial, determinaciones bioquímicas. La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial, de las variables antropométricas y clínicas se calcularon mediante la prueba T de muestras relacionadas. La correlación de la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica con las variables antropométricas y laboratoriales con la correlación de Pearson. Resultados: La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica y presión de pulso. En relación con las características antropométricas y clínicas de los estudiantes se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la medición inicial y final en el peso, perímetro abdominal, glicemia, insulina, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad, colesterol de baja densidad, triglicéridos y proteína C reactiva. La correlación más importante encontrada entre las medidas antropométricas con la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica fue la circunferencia abdominal. Conclusión: Se encontró aumento de la tendencia de la presión arterial y de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios.
Introduction: The presence of arterial hypertension in young population increases the risk of cardiovascular events in middle age and as a consequence premature morbimortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of blood pressure components and the correlation with anthropometric and laboratory measurements in students of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlational, longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study was conducted from 2013 to 2017 evaluating at the beginning 284 undergraduates and 240 at the end of the careers. Sociodemographic variables, anthropometric variables, blood pressure, biochemical determinations were measured. The progression of blood pressure components, anthropometric and clinical variables were calculated using the related samples t-test. The correlation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with anthropometric and laboratory variables was correlated with Pearson's correlation. Results: The progression of blood pressure components presented a statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. In relation to the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of the students, a statistically significant difference was found between the initial and final measurements in weight, abdominal perimeter, glycemia, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. The most important correlation found between anthropometric measurements with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was abdominal circumference. Conclusion: An increase in the trend of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors was found in university students.
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Arterial Pressure , Pressure , HypertensionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To perform a case series analysis of the changes in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), nasal inspiratory flow (NIF), upper airway volume, obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI), and the maxillomandibular three-dimensional (3D) morphology after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) of obstructive sleep apnea children (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective assessment of files from 1002 children screened between 2012 and 2020 in a hospital-based mouth-breather referral center. From this universe, 15 obstructive sleep apnea children (7 females; 8 males), ages 4.1 to 8.9 years old (mean age of 5.4 years ± 1.3), who presented indications of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were selected. The complete baseline examination (T0) was carried out before T&A and a second complete examination (T1) was made 18.7-month follow-up after T&A (ranging from 12 to 30 months). Eleven patients were submitted to T&A, and four patients had indications but did not receive authorization for surgery from the public health system. According to the protocol of the outpatient clinic for OSA patients, Doppler echocardiography, polysomnography, rhinomanometry, and computed tomography imaging was performed at (T0) and (T1). RESULTS: PASP decreased 16.6% after T&A. NIF increased more in T&A children (40.3%) than in non-T&A children (16.8%). The upper airway volume increased in T&A and non-T&A children, but greater volumetric gain (45.6%) was found in the nasopharynx of T&A patients. OAHI did not change in six T&A children (55%) and three non-T&A children (75%). The maxilla displaced downward and backward relative to the cranial base in six T&A children (55%) and two untreated children (50%). Nine of the T&A children (85%) and three untreated children (75%) presented extensive condylar growth and increased mandibular length. The qualitative 3D assessment showed similar morphological 3D changes in T&A and non-T&A patients. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased, nasal inspiratory flow increased, and nasopharynx volume increased following adenotonsillectomy, but obstructive apnea/hypopnea index and maxillomandibular morphology were similar in surgical and non-surgical patients.
Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Tonsillectomy , Adenoidectomy/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Polysomnography , Retrospective Studies , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery , Tonsillectomy/methodsABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Las alteraciones secundarias a la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), como inflamación sistémica, anemia y sobrecarga hídrica, son un sustrato importante para el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Objetivo: Valorar la relación de la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar (PSAP) por ecocardiograma con el tiempo y el tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) en pacientes con ERC. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, en el que se analizaron medidas de tendencia central y medidas de dispersión. Para comparar porcentajes se utilizó la prueba de χ2 con el programa estadístico SPSS 25. Resultados: Se incluyeron 141 pacientes con ERC en TRR con diálisis peritoneal o hemodiálisis. Se clasificaron de acuerdo con la PSAP en normal (30 pacientes, 21.28%), leve (43 pacientes, 30.5%), moderada (16 pacientes, 12%) y grave (52 pacientes, 36.88%). El tiempo de TRR está relacionado con una PSAP mayor, con 3.53 años en caso de PSAP normal, 5.51 años en caso de PSAP leve, 6.00 años para la PSAP moderada y 6.38 años para la PSAP grave. La PSAP grave se presentó en 13 de 56 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal y en 39 de 85 en hemodiálisis (p = 0.034). Conclusiones: Se encontró que existe relación entre la PSAP con el tiempo y el tipo de sustitución renal en pacientes con ERC.
Abstract Introduction: The disorders secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as systemic inflammation, anemia, and fluid overload are an important substrate for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Objective: To assess the relationship between pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) on echocardiogram and the duration and type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with CKD. Method: A retrospective observational study at Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Chi square was used to compare percentages through the SPSS 25 statistical program. Results: A total of 141 patients with CKD on RRT with peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis were included. They were classified according to PASP as normal (30 patients, 21.28%), mild (43 patients, 30.5%), moderate (16 patients, 12%) and severe (52 patients, 36.88%). The duration of RRT is related to a higher PASP, with 3.53 years for a normal PASP, 5.51 years for mild PASP, 6.00 years for moderate PASP, and 6.38 for those with severe PASP. Severe PASP occurred in 13 of 56 patients on peritoneal dialysis and 39 of 85 patients on hemodialysis (p = 0.034). Conclusions: This study found a relationship between PASP and the duration and type of renal replacement in patients with CKD.
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INTRODUCTION: Low-volume functional high-intensity interval training (F-HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and physical function similarly to combined training (CT, gold standard protocol), however no previous studies have compared the F-HIIT equivalence with CT in reducing blood pressure in older people, particularly in postmenopausal women (PW). Therefore, the aim of this study (trial registration: NCT03200639) was designed to test whether F-HIIT of low volume is an equivalent strategy to CT for improving blood pressure (BP) in PW. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-nine PW were divided into two groups: F-HIIT and CT. The F-HIIT protocol was composed of 10 sets of 60 seconds of high-intensity exercises interspersed with 60 seconds of low-intensity exercises for recovery. The CT protocol was composed of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity walking, followed by five total body resistance exercises. Both protocols were performed 3-times-a-week for 12 weeks. The BP from rest condition (before exercise) was measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention in both groups, using an automatic blood pressure monitor. The boundaries values for equivalence for systolic and diastolic BP was set at 5.14 and 2.92 mmHg, respectively. RESULTS: There was only a significant reduction (P < .05) in systolic BP in CT group from baseline (-3.2 (95% CI, -6.2 to -0.2) mmHg). The difference of systolic BP between F-HIIT and CT was 5.8 (95% CI, 1.3-10.4) mmHg, showing non-equivalence (inferiority) for F-HIIT. CONCLUSION: Thus, these results suggest that low-volume F-HIIT protocol is not an equivalent strategy when compared to CT for BP improvements in PW.
Subject(s)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness , High-Intensity Interval Training , Aged , Blood Pressure , Exercise , Female , Humans , PostmenopauseABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at examining the literature regarding the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. Methods: The Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and BVS databases were accessed by two independent reviewers between July 2020, and June 2021 to search for studies that investigated the effects of RT on BP. The eligibility criteria were determined by the PICOT strategy. P: postmenopausal women, I: RT, in which training variables are presented, C: presence of a control group that does not receive any type of intervention, O: BP measured in both groups, at least before and after the intervention, T: randomized controlled trial. For the studies included in the meta-analysis, we calculated the effects sizes based on the net changes in the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP for a random effect model with a confidence interval of 95% and a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: The RT group presented a significantly lower SBP (−7.25 mmHg [95% CI: −14.04, −0.45], p = 0.04), while DBP was not statistically significantly different compared to controlled conditions (−2.54 mmHg [95% CI: −5.52, 0.44], p = 0.09). Conclusions: Physically-inactive postmenopausal women who did not take hormone replacement but performed RT exercise had a lower BP value when compared to the control group.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms significantly worsen quality of life. The hypothesis that they might lead to serious systolic blood pressure alterations through inducing sympathetic nervous activity has not been studied so far. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between benign prostate enlargement-related storage and voiding symptoms and systolic blood pressure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional single-center study on data from a hospital patient record system. METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of all consecutive patients with benign prostate enlargement-related lower urinary tract symptoms admitted between January 2012 and December 2017. Storage and voiding symptoms were assessed separately. International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry, postvoiding residual urine volume and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between systolic blood pressure and all of the storage symptoms. Among these, urgency had the most significant effect. There were 166 patients (41.4%) with urgency for urination, which increased mean systolic blood pressure from 124.88 mmHg (average value in elevated blood pressure group) to 132.28 mmHg (average value in stage-1 hypertension group). Hesitancy in urinating and feeling of incomplete bladder emptying had weak positive correlations with systolic blood pressure. There was a negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and intermittency of urination. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing numbers of urine storage symptoms, systolic blood pressure also increases, while the opposite occurs for voiding symptoms in patients with benign prostate enlargement. We conjecture that storage symptoms may lead to this increase through inducing sympathetic hyperactivity. Further prospective studies with larger groups are needed to confirm these findings.
Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications , Urination/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/complications , Hypertension/complications , Organ Size , Prostate/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Resumen OBJETIVO Determinar si existe diferencia entre la medición de la presión arterial en el brazo con brazalete de tamaño adecuado para el paciente (circunferencia del brazo > 34 cm) vs medición de la presión arterial en el antebrazo con brazalete estándar (circunferencia de brazo 22-33 cm) en pacientes con circunferencia de brazo > 34 cm. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal realizado de enero a junio de 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes de consulta externa del Hospital General de Mexicali con circunferencia del brazo > 34 cm. Se midió la presión arterial en el antebrazo con brazalete estándar, se realizó una segunda toma de la presión arterial en el brazo con brazalete para pacientes con diámetro de brazo mayor a 33 cm. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 320 pacientes, 67% eran mujeres, con media de edad de 41 años, la circunferencia promedio del brazo fue de 38 cm. En hombres, la media fue de 35 años, con circunferencia promedio del brazo de 38 cm. La media de la presión sistólica en el antebrazo fue de 128.6 ± 12.5 vs 125.5 ± 13.6 mmHg en el brazo, con diferencia de 3.54 con valor p = 0.0007. La media de la presión arterial diastólica en el antebrazo fue de 83.42 ± 8.95 vs 79.21 ± 8.88 mmHg en el brazo, con diferencia entre ambos de 4.21, p ≤ 0.0001. CONCLUSIONES La obtención de la presión arterial en el antebrazo con un brazalete estándar en pacientes con circunferencia del brazo mayor a 34 cm cuando no se cuente con un brazalete apropiado proporcionará cifras similares a las obtenidas con un brazalete adecuado, con lecturas mayores, pero con diferencias por debajo de 5 mmHg.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a difference between measuring blood pressure in the arm with and adequate size bracelet for patients (arm circumference > 34 cm) vs measuring blood pressure in the forearm with a standard bracelet (arm circumference < 22-33 cm) in patients with arm circumference > 34 cm. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was done from January to June 2017. Sample: patients from external consult of Hospital General de Mexicali with arm circumference > 34 cm. Blood pressure was measured in the forearm of the patient with a standard bracelet, blood pressure was measured again in the arm with an adequate bracelet (for patients with an arm circumference > 33 cm). RESULTS 320 patients were included for this study, 67% were women, with an average age of 41 years, average arm circumference was of 38 cm. In men, the average age was 35 years with an average arm circumference of 38 cm. Average of the systolic pressure in the forearm was 128.6 ± 12.5 vs 125.5 ± 13.6 mmHg in the arm, with a difference of 3.54 with a p = 0.0007. The average of the diastolic pressure in the forearm was 83.42 ± 8.95 vs 79.21 ± 8.88 mmHg in the arm with a difference of 4.21, p ≤ 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of blood pressure in the forearm with a standard bracelet in patients with an arm circumference > 34 cm when we don't have the adequate bracelet will give us similar values compared to the blood pressure in the arm with an adequate bracelet, with higher values but differences below 5 mmHg.
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Pacientes hipertensos com evento cardiovascular agudo requerem intervenção adequada com alcance precoce de metas pressóricas pré-definidas, para redução de risco absoluto e residual de desfechos fatais e não fatais. O presente caso clínico trata-se de um paciente obeso, hipertenso que apresentou infarto agudo do miocárdio submetido a cateterismo e angioplastia com sucesso primário. Após alta da Unidade Coronariana, na enfermaria evoluiu com elevação dos valores pressóricos. Foram realizados teste de bioimpedância (para verificar volumetria) e avaliação da pressão central por tonometria de aplanação da artéria radial com Sphygmocor. A conduta a seguir foi orientada pelos resultados dos paramentos hemodinâmicos e realizada a escolha da medicação ideal para o tratamento
Hypertensive patients with an acute cardiovascular event require adequate intervention with early reach of pre-defined blood pressure goals to reduce absolute and residual risk of fatal and nonfatal outcomes. The present case is a hypertensive patient who presented acute myocardial infarction undergoing catheterization and angioplasty with primary success. After discharge from the Coronary Unit, the ward evolved with elevation of blood pressure values. Bioimpedance test (to verify volumetry) and evaluation of the central pressure by tonometry of radial artery aplanation with Sphygmocor were performed. The following conduct was guided by the results of the hemodynamic parameters and the choice of the ideal medication for the treatment was made.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Myocardial Infarction/rehabilitation , Obesity/complicationsABSTRACT
Constituir un grupo de desarrollo de la guía (GDG), que reúna el mayor nivel de experticia tanto en la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento integral y seguimiento de pacientes con HTA, como en la metodología de apreciación, síntesis y valoración de conocimiento, y en la evaluación del impacto económico de alguna(s) de sus recomendaciones, representando igualmente la perspectiva de los profesionales de salud que las aplican, y el de los usuarios del sistema de salud y sus familias a quienes éstas se refieren. Refinar el campo de aplicación de la guía, expresándolo en términos de unas preguntas genéricas, que sirvan de base para la generación de recomendaciones.
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Humans , Hypertension , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , GRADE Approach , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/therapyABSTRACT
[Purpose] To verify the identification of the anaerobic threshold through the double product breakpoint (DPBP) method for individuals with type 2 diabetes. [Subjects and Methods] Nine individuals with T2D (7 females; age=63.2 ± 8.9 y) and 10 non-diabetic (ND) (7 females; age=58.3 ± 7.8 y) performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and expired gas were measured at the end of each stage. The ventilatory threshold (VT) and DPBP were considered as the exercise intensities above which an over proportional increases in VE and DP were observed in relation to increasing workload. [Results] No differences were observed between the workloads, HR and VO2 corresponding to the AT identified respectively by VT and DPBP. For the T2D, strong correlations between VT and DBPB workloads (r=0.853), HR (r=0.714), and VO2 (r=0.863) were found. These relationships were similar to those found for the control group (r=0.923; r=0.881; and r=0.863, respectively). [Conclusion] These results demonstrate that the DPBP enables for the prediction of AT and correlated well the VT in both the T2D and ND participants.
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Introducción: En México, la cardiopatía isquémica es una de las principales causas de muerte, ya que representa el 18% del total de las muertes al año, aproximadamente el 45% de esos pacientes tienen hipertensión arterial y menos del 20% tienen control de sus cifras tensionales. La medición de la CASP mediante el análisis de la onda de pulso se relaciona con mayores eventos adversos que la sola medición de la presión arterial. Al momento no existen estudios al respecto, en pacientes con diagnóstico de SICA. Objetivo: Evaluar el pronóstico de la medición de la presión sistólica central de la aorta mediante el CASP radial como un factor de riesgo en pacientes hipertensos con SICA. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de cohorte en pacientes ingresados al Servicio de Hospitalización, con diagnóstico de SICA de acuerdo con los criterios internacionales (ACC/AHA/ESC) en quienes se les realizó la medición de la CASP mediante el análisis de onda de pulso y el índice de aumento (RAI) utilizando el dispositivo BPro con HAS y sin HAS. Se midió el CASP y el RAI, mediante una escala esperada por edad y género se identificaron dos grupos de acuerdo con la normalidad de la CASP, los eventos cardiovasculares (muerte, reinfarto, eventos vasculares cerebrales, clase funcional y necesidad de nuevas hospitalizaciones) se evaluaron durante la hospitalización y a un mes de seguimiento. Resultados: Incluimos 150 pacientes en el estudio, 105 hipertensos (grupo A) y 45 no hipertensos (grupo B), así como 50 controles (grupo C). La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 62.6 años, 78% del género masculino, los otros factores de riesgo se distribuyeron de la siguiente manera: tabaquismo 52%, diabetes 39.8% y dislipidemia 42%. La frecuencia cardiaca basal promedio fue de 73 lpm. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las cifras de presión arterial diastólica (73 contra 78 mmHg, p = 0.014). El promedio del valor de la CASP para cada grupo fue de 102.5 ± 10.1 mmHg en controles, 107.8 ± 16.1 mmHg en no hipertensos y 118 ± 14.7 mmHg en hipertensos, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0.0001). El 53% de los pacientes hipertensos presentó una CASP anormal con respecto a su edad y género en comparación con los no hipertensos (35%) y controles sanos (22%). La incidencia de MACE a 7 y 30 días fue mayor en el grupo de pacientes hipertensos (p < 0.0001). Los pacientes con CASP anormal independientemente de ser o no hipertensos tuvieron un mayor índice de eventos adversos durante la hospitalización (RR 2.7, IC 95% 1.38-5.45, p = 0.003) y a los 30 días de seguimiento (RR 2.11, IC 95% 1.1-4.2, p = 0.018). Conclusiones: La HAS constituye un factor de riesgo para desarrollar una CASP fuera de los rangos normales para la edad y el género en comparación con los pacientes no hipertensos y controles sanos. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran por primera vez en México que la medición de la presión sistólica central de la aorta calculada mediante el CASP radial puede utilizarse como un predictor independiente de eventos cardiovasculares mayores a 7 y 30 días en pacientes con SICA, por lo que consideramos debe evaluarse en este tipo de pacientes.
Introduction: In Mexico, ischemic heart disease is a major cause of death and representing 18% of all deaths per year, approximately 45% of these patients have arterial hypertension and 20% have less control of their figures tension. The CASP measurement by analysis of the pulse wave is associated with more adverse than the single blood pressure measurement events. At present there are no studies on the subject, in patients diagnosed with ACS. Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of measuring the Central Aortic Systolic Pressure by radial CASP as a risk factor in hypertensive patients with ACS. Material and methods: This is a cohort study in patients admitted to the Inpatient Units, diagnosed with ACS according to international criteria (ACC/AHA/ESC) who underwent measurement of CASP by analyzing pulse wave and Augmentation Index (RAI) using BPro device in patients with and without arterial hypertension. CASP and RAI was measured using a scale expected by age and gender two groups according to the normality of the CASP, cardiovascular events (death, re-infarction, cerebrovascular events, functional class and need new hospitalizations were identified ) were evaluated during hospitalization and one-month follow-up. Results: We included 150 patients in the study, 105 hypertensive patients (group A) and 45 non-hypertensive patients (group B) and 50 controls (group C). The average age of the patients was 62.6 years, 78% male gender, other risk factors were distributed as follows: 52% smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia 39.8 and 42%. The mean baseline heart rate was 73 bpm. A statistically significant difference in the numbers of diastolic blood pressure (73 with 78 mmHg, p = 0.014) was found. The average value of the CASP for each group was 102.5 ± 10.1 mmHg in controls, 107.8 ± 16.1 mmHg in normotensive and 118 ± 14.7 mmHg in hypertensive, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001). 53% of hypertensive patients had an abnormal CASP with respect to age and gender compared to normotensive subjects (35%) and healthy controls (22%). The incidence of MACE at 7 and 30 days was higher in the hypertensive group (p < 0.0001). Patients with abnormal CASP regardless of whether or not hypertension had a higher rate of adverse events during hospitalization (RR 2.7, 95% CI 1.38-5.45, p = 0.003) and at 30 days follow-up (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.1 -4.2, p = 0.018). Conclusions: The arterial hypertension is a risk factor for developing a CASP outside the normal range for age and gender compared with non-hypertensive patients and healthy controls. Our findings demonstrate for the first time in Mexico that measuring central aortic systolic pressure calculated by the radial CASP can be used as an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events 7 and 30 days in patients with ACS, which we consider to be assessed in these patients.
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Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos de programas de treinamento aeróbico e resistido com atividade aquática moderada e vigorosa nos níveis de pressão arterial em mulheres adultas e idosas normotensas ou hipertensas controladas sem medicação.Métodos: A amostra foi intencional, constituindo-se o Grupo 1 de 9 mulheres, com idade média de 54,56±7,04 anos, que realizavam atividade aquática moderada (60-70% da frequência cardíaca máxima) e o Grupo 2 de 11 mulheres com idade média de 54,91±7,70 anos, que realizavam atividade aquática vigorosa (70-80% da frequência cardíaca máxima). Os dois grupos foram analisados quanto à pressão arterial durante um período de dois meses e meio de tratamento, totalizando 20 atendimentos para cada grupo. As sessões ocorriam com frequência de duas vezes por semana, com duração de 50 minutos cada aula. A intensidade do exercício era estabelecida conforme a frequência cardíaca máxima de cada indivíduo. A análise dos resultados foi feita por estatística inferencial utilizando o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e pareadas, com significância menor que 5%.Resultados: O Grupo 1 obteve uma diferença média intergrupo de pressão arterial sistêmica entre o início e o final do estudo de -5,56 mmHg, enquanto o Grupo 2 apresentou diferença de +6,91 (p<0,001). Em relação à pressão arterial diastólica, a diferença média intergrupo do Grupo 1 foi de -3,50 e para o Grupo 2 de +3,18 (p=0,011).Conclusões: A atividade aquática moderada foi mais eficiente que a vigorosa para a redução dos níveis pressóricos em mulheres adultas e idosas...
Aims: To compare the effects of aerobic training programs and resistance to aquatic moderate and vigorous activity in blood pressure levels in adult and elderly women, normotensive or hypertensive controlled without medication.Methods: Sample was intentional, with Group 1 constituted of 9 women, mean age 54.56±7.04 years, who underwent moderate aquatic activity (60-70% of maximum heart rate) and Group 2 constituted of 11 women with mean age 54.91±7.70 years, who performed vigorous aquatic activity (70-80% of maximum heart rate). The two groups were analyzed for blood pressure over a period of 2 ½ months of treatment, a total of 20 attendances for each group. The sessions occurred with a frequency of twice a week, lasting 50 minutes each class. Exercise intensity was set as the maximum heart rate of each individual. Analysis was made by inferential statistics using Student t test for independent and paired samples, with significance lower than 5%Results: Group 1 had a mean difference of intergroup blood pressure, between the beginning and end of the study, of -5.56 mmHg, whereas Group 2 showed a difference of +6.91 (p<0.001). In relation to diastolic blood pressure, the average intergroup difference of group 1 was -3.50 and for group was 2 +3.18 (p=0.011).Conclusions: Moderate water activity was more efficient than vigorous water activity for reduction of bloodpressure in adults and elderly women...
Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Motor Activity , Women , Arterial PressureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular function and pulmonary circulation in chronic mountain sickness (CMS) patients with rest and stress echocardiography compared with healthy high-altitude (HA) dwellers. BACKGROUND: CMS or Monge's disease is defined by excessive erythrocytosis (hemoglobin >21 g/dl in males, 19 g/dl in females) and severe hypoxemia. In some cases, a moderate or severe increase in pulmonary pressure is present, suggesting a similar pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: In La Paz (Bolivia, 3,600 m sea level), 46 CMS patients and 40 HA dwellers of similar age were evaluated at rest and during semisupine bicycle exercise. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac function were estimated by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared with HA dwellers, CMS patients showed RV dilation at rest (RV mid diameter: 36 ± 5 mm vs. 32 ± 4 mm, CMS vs. HA, p = 0.001) and reduced RV fractional area change both at rest (35 ± 9% vs. 43 ± 9%, p = 0.002) and during exercise (36 ± 9% vs. 43 ± 8%, CMS vs. HA, p = 0.005). The RV systolic longitudinal function (RV-S') decreased in CMS patients, whereas it increased in the control patients (p < 0.0001) at peak stress. The RV end-systolic pressure-area relationship, a load independent surrogate of RV contractility, was similar in CMS patients and HA dwellers with a significant increase in systolic PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance in CMS patients (systolic PAP: 50 ± 12 mm Hg vs. 38 ± 8 mm Hg, CMS vs. HA, p < 0.0001; pulmonary vascular resistance: 2.9 ± 1 mm Hg/min/l vs. 2.2 ± 1 mm Hg/min/l, p = 0.03). Both groups showed comparable systolic and diastolic left ventricular function both at rest and during stress. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable RV contractile reserve in CMS and HA suggests that the lower resting values of RV function in CMS may represent a physiological adaptation to chronic hypoxic conditions rather than impaired RV function. (Chronic Mountain Sickness, Systemic Vascular Function [CMS]; NCT01182792).
Subject(s)
Altitude Sickness/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler , Echocardiography, Stress , Exercise , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Contraction , Ventricular Function, Right , Acclimatization , Adult , Altitude , Altitude Sickness/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Bolivia , Chronic Disease , Exercise Test , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Pulmonary Circulation , Switzerland , Vascular Resistance , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
Blood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 184mmHg, 53 137mmHg, 64 135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We observed a positive correlation between the variables age and SBP, age and DBP, SBP and sodium, and sodium and DBP, while the values of serum sodium and age showed a negative correlation. Regarding this study conditions, we conclude that there is little interference in the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, regarding age and serum sodium in healthy adult dogs.
A pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 184mmHg, 53- 137mmHg, 64 135bpm e 120 157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível
ABSTRACT
Blood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 184mmHg, 53 137mmHg, 64 135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We observed a positive correlation between the variables age and SBP, age and DBP, SBP and sodium, and sodium and DBP, while the values of serum sodium and age showed a negative correlation. Regarding this study conditions, we conclude that there is little interference in the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, regarding age and serum sodium in healthy adult dogs.
A pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 184mmHg, 53- 137mmHg, 64 135bpm e 120 157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to study, observe, and clarify the dynamics of physical growth, as well as changes of some morphometrical and physiological variables of Kosovo population. 17,894 males from Kosovo between 6 and 51 years of age and older, were measured: body height, body weight, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and VO max were recorded. The measurement data were processed through these descriptive statistical parameters: Mean, Standard-Deviation and the Coefficient of Variation, SD shows the similar dispersion of results between one age and another. CV signifies the reliability of the measurements that were carried out. The curve of body height for individuals between 6 and 17 years of age shows increases, for individuals between 18 and 40 years of age shows stable values, while for indiividuals above 40 years of age indicate a decrease.Body height difference between adults shows that adultsbetween 18 and 30 years old have the higher body height values, compared with the other two groups of tested adults. Body weight for individualsbetween 6 and 50 years old shows consistent increase of value. In individuals above 51 years of age, body weight decreases rapidly. According to BMIvalues individuals between 6 and 13 years of age were underweight. Those between 14 and 35 years of age, as well as those above 51 years of age showed normal weight. On the other hand, those between 36 and 50 years of age were slightly overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher as age increased, however were not above normal values. The best results of HR and VO2max were reported in adults between 19 and 27 years of age.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, observar, y para aclarar la dinámica de crecimiento físico, así como los cambios de algunas variables morfométricas y fisiológicas de la población de Kosovo. En 17.894 hombres en Kosovo, de entre 6 y 51 años, se tomaron las siguientes medidas: Altura y peso corporal, IMC, presiones sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardíaca, VO2 máx. Los datos fueron procesados a través de los siguientes parámetros estadísticos descriptivos: media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. La DS muestra la dispersión de los resultados de acuerdo a la edad. CV determina la fiabilidad de las mediciones que se hicieron. La curva de la altura del cuerpo entre 6-17 años de edad aumentó entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, mientras que para individuos de más de 40 años la curva disminuye. La altura corporal mostró que los adultos entre 18-30 años son más altos, en comparación con otros dos grupos. El peso corporal aumenta desde los 6 a los 50 años edad, mientras que después de los 51 años se produce rápidamente su disminución. De acuerdo a los valores de IMC, los individuos entre 6-13 años de edad presentaban bajo peso. Los individuos entre 14-35 años y superiores a 51 años presentaban un peso normal. Los individuos entre 36-50 años, presentaron un ligero sobrepeso. Aumentaron las presiones sistólica y diastólica de acuerdo a la edad, pero no por encima del valor normal. Los mejores resultados de la frecuencia cardiaca y VO2máx se alcanzaron en los adultos entre 19 y 27 años.